1
|
Pyo JS, Min KW, Choi JE, Kang DW. Diagnostic Roles of α-Methylacyl-CoA Racemase (AMACR) Immunohistochemistry in Gastric Dysplasia and Adenocarcinoma. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:1475. [PMID: 39336516 PMCID: PMC11434461 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60091475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This study aimed to elucidate the diagnostic role of α-Methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) immunohistochemistry in gastric dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemistry for AMACR was performed on 39 gastric dysplasia and 40 gastric adenocarcinoma cases. The expression patterns of AMACR were investigated and divided into luminal and cytoplasmic expression patterns in the gastric lesions. In addition, correlations between AMACR expression and patient age, sex, and tumor size were evaluated. Results: AMACR was expressed in 26 of 39 cases of gastric dysplasia (66.7%) and 17 of 40 cases of gastric adenocarcinomas (42.5%). The AMACR expression rates in high- and low-grade dysplasia were 80.0% and 52.6%, respectively. A detailed analysis of the expression patterns revealed that the luminal expression pattern was significantly higher in low-grade dysplasia than in high-grade dysplasia and gastric adenocarcinoma (p < 0.001). The cytoplasmic expression pattern, without luminal expression, was predominant in high-grade dysplasia and gastric adenocarcinoma. In addition, the rates of loss of expression in the overall area were 15.1 ± 23.9%, 49.0 ± 29.9%, and 59.0 ± 32.2% in low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia, and gastric adenocarcinoma, respectively. The negative rate of low-grade dysplasia was significantly lower than that of high-grade dysplasia and gastric adenocarcinoma (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: AMACR is a useful diagnostic marker for differentiating low-grade dysplasia from high-grade dysplasia and gastric adenocarcinoma. Luminal or cytoplasmic expression patterns and the extent of loss of expression are important for differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Soo Pyo
- Department of Pathology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Uijeongbu-si 11759, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeung-Whan Min
- Department of Pathology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Uijeongbu-si 11759, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Choi
- Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, 20 Bodeum 7-ro, Sejong 30099, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Kang
- Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, 20 Bodeum 7-ro, Sejong 30099, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa Street, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pateras IS, Igea A, Nikas IP, Leventakou D, Koufopoulos NI, Ieronimaki AI, Bergonzini A, Ryu HS, Chatzigeorgiou A, Frisan T, Kittas C, Panayiotides IG. Diagnostic Challenges during Inflammation and Cancer: Current Biomarkers and Future Perspectives in Navigating through the Minefield of Reactive versus Dysplastic and Cancerous Lesions in the Digestive System. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1251. [PMID: 38279253 PMCID: PMC10816510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In the setting of pronounced inflammation, changes in the epithelium may overlap with neoplasia, often rendering it impossible to establish a diagnosis with certainty in daily clinical practice. Here, we discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms driving tissue response during persistent inflammatory signaling along with the potential association with cancer in the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, extrahepatic bile ducts, and liver. We highlight the histopathological challenges encountered in the diagnosis of chronic inflammation in routine practice and pinpoint tissue-based biomarkers that could complement morphology to differentiate reactive from dysplastic or cancerous lesions. We refer to the advantages and limitations of existing biomarkers employing immunohistochemistry and point to promising new markers, including the generation of novel antibodies targeting mutant proteins, miRNAs, and array assays. Advancements in experimental models, including mouse and 3D models, have improved our understanding of tissue response. The integration of digital pathology along with artificial intelligence may also complement routine visual inspections. Navigating through tissue responses in various chronic inflammatory contexts will help us develop novel and reliable biomarkers that will improve diagnostic decisions and ultimately patient treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis S. Pateras
- 2nd Department of Pathology, “Attikon” University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 124 62 Athens, Greece; (D.L.); (N.I.K.); (A.I.I.); (I.G.P.)
| | - Ana Igea
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Mobile Genomes, Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ilias P. Nikas
- Medical School, University of Cyprus, 2029 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Danai Leventakou
- 2nd Department of Pathology, “Attikon” University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 124 62 Athens, Greece; (D.L.); (N.I.K.); (A.I.I.); (I.G.P.)
| | - Nektarios I. Koufopoulos
- 2nd Department of Pathology, “Attikon” University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 124 62 Athens, Greece; (D.L.); (N.I.K.); (A.I.I.); (I.G.P.)
| | - Argyro Ioanna Ieronimaki
- 2nd Department of Pathology, “Attikon” University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 124 62 Athens, Greece; (D.L.); (N.I.K.); (A.I.I.); (I.G.P.)
| | - Anna Bergonzini
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Alfred Nobels Allé 8, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Department of Molecular Biology and Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Han Suk Ryu
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea;
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
| | - Teresa Frisan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Christos Kittas
- Department of Histopathology, Biomedicine Group of Health Company, 156 26 Athens, Greece;
| | - Ioannis G. Panayiotides
- 2nd Department of Pathology, “Attikon” University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 124 62 Athens, Greece; (D.L.); (N.I.K.); (A.I.I.); (I.G.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zuo Z, Yu Y, Ren B, Liu S, Nelson J, Wang Z, Tao J, Pradhan‐Sundd T, Bhargava R, Michalopoulos G, Chen Q, Zhang J, Ma D, Pennathur A, Luketich J, Satdarshan Monga P, Nalesnik M, Luo J. Oncogenic Activity of Solute Carrier Family 45 Member 2 and Alpha-Methylacyl-Coenzyme A Racemase Gene Fusion Is Mediated by Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:209-222. [PMID: 34505419 PMCID: PMC8710797 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome rearrangement is one of the hallmarks of human malignancies. Gene fusion is one of the consequences of chromosome rearrangements. In this report, we show that gene fusion between solute carrier family 45 member 2 (SLC45A2) and alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase (AMACR) occurs in eight different types of human malignancies, with frequencies ranging from 45% to 97%. The chimeric protein is translocated to the lysosomal membrane and activates the extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling cascade. The fusion protein promotes cell growth, accelerates migration, resists serum starvation-induced cell death, and is essential for cancer growth in mouse xenograft cancer models. Introduction of SLC45A2-AMACR into the mouse liver using a sleeping beauty transposon system and somatic knockout of phosphatase and TENsin homolog (Pten) generated spontaneous liver cancers within a short period. Conclusion: The gene fusion between SLC45A2 and AMACR may be a driving event for human liver cancer development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ze‐Hua Zuo
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Yan‐Ping Yu
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center of University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Bao‐Guo Ren
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Silvia Liu
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center of University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Joel Nelson
- Department of UrologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of UrologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Junyan Tao
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | | | - Rohit Bhargava
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - George Michalopoulos
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center of University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of PharmacologyToxicology, and TherapeuticsUniversity of KansasKansas CityKSUSA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
- Present address:
Department of MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKSUSA
| | - Deqin Ma
- Department of PathologyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Arjun Pennathur
- Thoracic SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - James Luketich
- Thoracic SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Paul Satdarshan Monga
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center of University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Michael Nalesnik
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Jian‐Hua Luo
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center of University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yu YP, Tsung A, Liu S, Nalesnick M, Geller D, Michalopoulos G, Luo JH. Detection of fusion transcripts in the serum samples of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2019. [DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ping Yu
- Department of Pathology and Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Pathology and Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Current address: Department of Surgery, Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Silvia Liu
- Department of Pathology and Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Michael Nalesnick
- Department of Pathology and Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - David Geller
- Department of Pathology and Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - George Michalopoulos
- Department of Pathology and Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jian-Hua Luo
- Department of Pathology and Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lee YE, He HL, Lee SW, Chen TJ, Chang KY, Hsing CH, Li CF. AMACR overexpression as a poor prognostic factor in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:7983-91. [PMID: 24833092 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2065-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular prognostic adjunct in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPCs) still remains obscured. Through data mining from published transcriptomic database, alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) was first identified as a differentially upregulated gene in NPC tissues, which is a key enzyme for isometric conversion of fatty acids entering the β-oxidation. Given the roles of AMACR in prognostication and frontline therapeutic regimen of common carcinomas, such as prostate cancer, we explored AMACR immunoexpression status and its clinical significance in NPC patients. AMACR immunohistochemistry was retrospectively performed and analyzed using H-score for biopsy specimens from 124 NPC patients who received standard treatment without distant metastasis at initial diagnosis. Those cases with H-score larger than the median value were construed as featuring AMACR overexpression. The findings were correlated with the clinicopathological variables, disease-specific survival (DSS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and local recurrence-free survival (LRFS). Endogenous AMACR protein expressions were assessed by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting in NPC cells and non-neoplastic mucosal cells. AMACR overexpression was significantly associated with increment of primary tumor status (P = 0.009) and univariately predictive of adverse outcomes for DSS, DMFS, and LRFS. In the multivariate comparison, AMACR overexpression still remained prognostically independent to portend worse DSS (P = 0.006, hazard ratio = 2.129), DMFS (P = 0.001, hazard ratio = 2.795), and LRFS (P = 0.041, hazard ratio = 2.009), together with advanced American Joint of Cancer Committee (AJCC) stages III-IV. Compared with non-neoplastic cells, both HONE1 and TW01 NPC cells demonstrated markedly increased AMACR expression. AMACR overexpression was identified as an important prognosticator and a potential therapeutic target in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-En Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
α-Methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) in gastric cancer: correlation with clinicopathologic data and disease-free survival. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2013; 21:313-7. [PMID: 23235347 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0b013e318268d034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Diagnostic and prognostic significance of α-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) has been established in many human cancers. Its correlation with clinical and pathologic data in gastric cancer has not been fully elucidated and its impact on surveillance has not been studied thus far. We analyzed consecutive gastric cancer cases in terms of AMACR expression and clinical/pathologic characteristics and followed patients' postoperative history. AMACR was expressed in 94/164 gastric cancers (57.3%). We did not find correlation between AMACR expression and sex, age, location, histologic type, pTN staging, vascular and nerve sheaths invasion. Overall disease-free survival tended to be worse in AMACR-positive patients (P=0.062), and in adenocarcinoma subgroup, it was significantly shorter (P=0.021). AMACR expression might represent promising adverse prognostic factor in gastric cancer, particularly in adenocarcinoma histologic type.
Collapse
|
7
|
Taliano RJ, LeGolvan M, Resnick MB. Immunohistochemistry of colorectal carcinoma: current practice and evolving applications. Hum Pathol 2012; 44:151-63. [PMID: 22939578 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The relatively high incidence of adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum (colorectal carcinoma) in the general population makes its pathologic diagnosis one of the more frequent exercises in anatomical pathology. Although typically mundane in the primary setting, the correct identification of metastatic colorectal carcinoma or exclusion of metastatic disease from carcinoma arising in other anatomical foci can be problematic. The advent of targeted therapies and refinement of more traditional cytotoxic chemotherapeutic regimens mandates not only a more confident appraisal of site of origin but also assessment of those tumor-specific features that may alter therapeutic decisions. Despite the exponential increase in our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of colorectal carcinoma, immunohistochemistry remains the foundation for resolution of these problematic cases and the number of antibodies available to the practicing pathologist continues to expand at a steady rate. In some cases, immunohistochemistry may also provide valuable prognostic information, either independently or as a surrogate marker for a specific route of carcinogenesis such as microsatellite instability. This review will focus on the use of new and more established immunohistochemistry markers in the diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma, with an emphasis on aberrant staining patterns of the various colorectal carcinoma subtypes as well as the utility of these markers in specific differential diagnostic settings.
Collapse
|
8
|
Alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase expression in neuroendocrine neoplasms of the stomach. Virchows Arch 2012; 461:169-75. [PMID: 22782380 PMCID: PMC3421105 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-012-1272-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase plays an important role in the beta-oxidation of branched-chain fatty acid and its derivatives. It has been used to detect prostatic adenocarcinoma and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, and recently also as a marker for other neoplasms, including those of the genitourinary system, breast, upper and lower gastrointestinal tract and their precursor lesions. We assessed expression of alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase by immunohistochemistry in neuroendocrine tumours of the stomach to determine differences in the incidence and pattern of expression among different types of gastric neuroendocrine tumours. While none of the grade 1 neuroendocrine tumours were immunoreactive, 67 % of grade 2 neuroendocrine tumours and 90 % of neuroendocrine carcinomas were positive for alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase. Furthermore, an adenocarcinoma component was found in 72.5 % (37 of 51) of neuroendocrine carcinomas, whereas none of the grade 1 and 2 neuroendocrine tumours contained an adenocarcinoma component. In 83 % of neuroendocrine carcinomas, the adenocarcinoma component was positive for alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase, and both adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma components stained positively in 78 % of these cases. Our results indicate that alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase is a useful marker for distinguishing between grade 1 (negative) and grade 2 neuroendocrine tumours, and neuroendocrine carcinoma of the stomach (frequently positive). Different patterns of alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase expression between gastric neuroendocrine tumours and neuroendocrine carcinoma suggest that these might develop via different tumourigenic pathways.
Collapse
|
9
|
Nozawa Y, Nishikura K, Ajioka Y, Aoyagi Y. Relationship between alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase expression and mucin phenotype in gastric cancer. Hum Pathol 2011; 43:878-87. [PMID: 22078291 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2011.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase controls β-oxidation of branched-chain fatty acid and their derivatives. Many investigators have described alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase expression in various neoplasias and their precursor lesions. Although there have been a few reports regarding alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase expression in gastric neoplasia, these reports did not discuss the relationship between alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase expression and mucin phenotype. This study analyzed alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase expression of gastric carcinomas with regard to mucin phenotype. Alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase expression was evaluated in 85 cases of gastric biopsies including gastric epithelial neoplasia and nonneoplasia and in 108 cases of surgically resected early gastric cancer. In biopsy cases, alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase was more highly expressed in neoplasia (69.7%, 23/33) than in nonneoplasia (0%, 0/42) (P = .001). Alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase was overexpressed in 20.0% (2/10) of cases that were indefinite for neoplasia, and the 2 positive cases were ultimately diagnosed as adenocarcinoma. In resected cases of early gastric adenocarcinoma, alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase expression significantly correlated with mucin phenotype (P = .003), but not with tumor progression, histologic classification, or clinicopathologic features. Alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase expression was significantly higher in intestinal-phenotype carcinoma (90.2%, 37/40) than in gastric-phenotype carcinoma (56.3%, 18/31) (P = .006) and also correlated with an increase in CDX2 expression (P = .018) and a decrease in MUC5AC expression (P = .048). This tendency was observed in all histologic types. Our results indicate that alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase is a useful marker for distinguishing gastric neoplasia from nonneoplasia even at an early stage. Alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase expression is associated with mucin phenotypes of gastric neoplasia, particularly with the expression of CDX2 and MUC5AC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Nozawa
- Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Morgenroth A, Urusova EA, Dinger C, Al-Momani E, Kull T, Glatting G, Frauendorf H, Jahn O, Mottaghy FM, Reske SN, Zlatopolskiy BD. New Molecular Markers for Prostate Tumor Imaging: A Study on 2-Methylene Substituted Fatty Acids as New AMACR Inhibitors. Chemistry 2011; 17:10144-50. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|