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Sigsgaard T, Basinas I, Doekes G, de Blay F, Folletti I, Heederik D, Lipinska-Ojrzanowska A, Nowak D, Olivieri M, Quirce S, Raulf M, Sastre J, Schlünssen V, Walusiak-Skorupa J, Siracusa A. Respiratory diseases and allergy in farmers working with livestock: a EAACI position paper. Clin Transl Allergy 2020; 10:29. [PMID: 32642058 PMCID: PMC7336421 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-020-00334-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Farmers constitute a large professional group worldwide. In developed countries farms tend to become larger, with a concentration of farm operations. Animal farming has been associated with negative respiratory effects such as work-related asthma and rhinitis. However, being born and raised or working on a farm reduces the risk of atopic asthma and rhinitis later in life. A risk of chronic bronchitis and bronchial obstruction/COPD has been reported in confinement buildings and livestock farmers. This position paper reviews the literature linking exposure information to intensive animal farming and the risk of work-related respiratory diseases and focuses on prevention. Animal farming is associated with exposure to organic dust containing allergens and microbial matter including alive microorganisms and viruses, endotoxins and other factors like irritant gases such as ammonia and disinfectants. These exposures have been identified as specific agents/risk factors of asthma, rhinitis, chronic bronchitis, COPD and reduced FEV1. Published studies on dust and endotoxin exposure in livestock farmers do not show a downward trend in exposure over the last 30 years, suggesting that the workforce in these industries is still overexposed and at risk of developing respiratory disease. In cases of occupational asthma and rhinitis, avoidance of further exposure to causal agents is recommended, but it may not be obtainable in agriculture, mainly due to socio-economic considerations. Hence, there is an urgent need for focus on farming exposure in order to protect farmers and others at work in these and related industries from developing respiratory diseases and allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sigsgaard
- Department of Environment Occupation & Health, Dept of Public Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, Build. 1260, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - I Basinas
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - G Doekes
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - F de Blay
- Division of Asthma and Allergy, Department of Chest Diseases, University Hospital, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - I Folletti
- Occupational Medicine, Terni Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - D Heederik
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A Lipinska-Ojrzanowska
- Department of Occupational Diseases and Environmental Health, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - D Nowak
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.,Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, Member DZL, German Centre for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - M Olivieri
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - S Quirce
- Department of Allergy, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ) and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Raulf
- IPA Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - J Sastre
- Department of Allergy, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
| | - V Schlünssen
- Department of Environment Occupation & Health, Dept of Public Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, Build. 1260, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - J Walusiak-Skorupa
- Department of Occupational Diseases and Environmental Health, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - A Siracusa
- Formerly Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Hu LW, Yu S, Marks T, Zhang YT, Lodge CC, Dharmage SC, Gurram N, Bloom MS, Lin S, Zeeshan M, Yu HY, Zhou Y, Liu RQ, Yang BY, Zeng XW, Hu Q, Dong GH. The time window of pet ownership exposure modifies the relationship of Environmental Tobacco Smoke with lung function: A large population-based cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 183:109197. [PMID: 32058142 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is a large body of evidence linking Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) exposure with impaired lung function. However, it is not known whether exposure to pets modifies this relationship. To investigate if pet ownership changes the association between ETS exposure and lung function, a population-based sample of 7326 children, 7-14 years old, were randomly recruited from 24 districts in northeast China. Lung function including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF) was measured by spirometry, while pet ownership time periods and ETS exposure were collected by questionnaire. Two-level regression analysis was done, with covariates controlled for. The results showed pet exposure in certain early lifetime windows modified the associations of ETS exposure on decreased lung function in children. Among children exposed to current ETS, those exposed to pets in utero had greater reductions in lung function (for instance: OR for reduced FVC (<85% predicted) = 10.86; 95% CI: 3.80-30.97) than those not exposed to pets in utero (OR = 2.32; 95% CI: 1.76-3.05) (pinteraction = 0.005). While, children exposed to current pet ownership reduced the lung function impairment induced by ETS exposure during the first 2 years of life and/or ETS exposure during pregnancy, especially for FVC impairment. For instance, OR (95%CI) for reduced FVC (<85% predicted) was 0.81 (0.56, 1.18) and 1.42 (1.15, 1.74), respectively, for children with or without current pet ownership exposed to ETS during the first 2 years of life (pinteraction = 0.010). Furthermore, pet type or number of pets did not significantly modify associations between ETS exposure and lung function. In conclusion, the timing of pet ownership modified associations between ETS exposure and lung function, pet ownership in utero and during the first 2 years of life significantly worsened the adverse impacts of passive smoking on lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wen Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shu Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Tia Marks
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Yun-Ting Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Caroline C Lodge
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3052, Australia
| | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3052, Australia
| | - Namratha Gurram
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Michael S Bloom
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA; Departments of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Shao Lin
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA; Departments of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Mohammed Zeeshan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hong-Yao Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ru-Qing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Bo-Yi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, 261041, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Patel NP, Prizment AE, Thyagarajan B, Roberts E, Nelson HH, Church TR, Lazovich D. Urban vs rural residency and allergy prevalence among adult women: Iowa Women's Health Study. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018; 120:654-660.e1. [PMID: 29630929 PMCID: PMC5997536 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background The association between residence and allergy has been well studied in children living on a farm; however, studies of this association in late adulthood are lacking. Objective This study examined the association between residence and allergy in 25,393 women aged 55–69 years in the large prospective Iowa Women’s Health Study (IWHS). Methods IWHS questionnaires collected information on socio-demographic and anthropometric characteristics, medical history, lifestyle behaviors, dietary intake, residence and allergy. Residence reported at baseline (1986) was categorized into 5 groups based on living on a farm, rural, or urban areas and population size. Allergy was determined from four self-reported questions about physician-diagnosed asthma, hay fever, skin allergy, and other allergy. Logistic regression was used to determine significant risk factors for allergy and prevalence odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for allergy associated with residence. Results Compared to large city of >10,000 residents, those living on farm, rural and smaller urban areas had decreased odds ratios of overall, skin, and other allergy in age and multivariable-adjusted models. The multivariable ORs (95% CI) for farm versus large city were decreased for overall allergy: 0.72 (0.66, 0.78) and all allergy types including asthma: 0.87 (0.75, 1.00), hay fever: 0.77 (0.69, 0.88), skin: 0.76 (0.68, 0.86), and other allergy: 0.76 (0.68, 0.86). Conclusion This study supports a hypothesis that farm living is inversely associated with allergy, suggesting that environmental exposures may protect against allergy not only in childhood, but also in late adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika P Patel
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Anna E Prizment
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
| | - Bharat Thyagarajan
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Evan Roberts
- Department of Sociology, University of Minnesota College of Liberal Arts, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Heather H Nelson
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Timothy R Church
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - DeAnn Lazovich
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Rennie DC, Lawson JA, Karunanayake CP, Pahwa P, Chen Y, Chu L, Dosman JA. Farm Exposure and Atopy in Men and Women: The Saskatchewan Rural Health Study. J Agromedicine 2016; 20:302-9. [PMID: 26237720 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2015.1042612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Associations between farming exposures and atopy can vary by timing of exposure and sex. We examined associations between adult atopy, sex, and farm living in a rural Canadian population. In 2010, we conducted a baseline survey of 11,982 households located in four agricultural regions of Saskatchewan, Canada. Of the 7225 adults aged 18-75, 1658 underwent clinical assessments including skin testing. Of these, 1599 participants underwent skin prick testing to four common allergens. We defined atopy as >3 mm reaction to any of four allergens compared with saline control. Farming exposures were farm living in the first year of life and current farm living. All analyses were stratified by sex. The prevalence of atopy was 17.8% and was higher in men than women (P < .001). The most common allergy was to grasses (8.8%) followed by house dust mite (HDM) mixed (8.1%). Atopy was lower in those subjects with an early farm exposure (P = .08) and who were female (P = .03). After adjusting for education, age, and smoking status, both current and early farm exposures were associated with decreased sensitization to cat atopy in women that was stronger with current exposure (P < .05). Men had significantly decreased atopic sensitization to Alternaria with an early farm exposure and increased atopic sensitization to HDM with a current farm exposure. In this rural population, the protective effect of an early farm exposure for any atopy was weak overall. The impact of farming exposures on atopy was allergen dependent and varied by sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna C Rennie
- a Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan , Canada
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Chu LM, Rennie DC, Cockcroft DW, Pahwa P, Dosman J, Hagel L, Karunanayake C, Pickett W, Lawson JA. Prevalence and determinants of atopy and allergic diseases among school-age children in rural Saskatchewan, Canada. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2014; 113:430-9. [PMID: 25129487 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been few investigations of farming-related activities or specific characteristics resulting in the associations between those exposures and atopic disease. OBJECTIVE To study the associations between farm-associated exposures and atopic diseases. METHODS As part of a longitudinal study of lung health in rural residents, a cross-sectional baseline study was conducted in rural Saskatchewan, Canada. This included an initial survey phase followed by a clinical testing phase. A subsample of 584 children (grades 1-8) completed skin prick testing to assess atopic status. Atopy was defined as a positive reaction to any of 6 allergens (local grasses, wheat dust, cat dander, house dust mite, Alternaria species, or Cladosporium species) of at least 3 mm compared with the negative control. RESULTS Of those who completed clinical testing, the prevalence of atopy was 19.4%, that of hay fever was 8.8%, and that of eczema was 27.4%. Based on skin prick testing, sensitization was highest for cat dander (8.6%) followed by local grasses (8.2%) and house dust mite (5.1%). After adjustment for potential confounders, home location (farm vs non-farm) was not associated with atopic status. However, livestock farming was protective against atopy (adjusted odds ratio 0.38, 95% confidence interval 0.17-0.88). In contrast, current residence on a farm was associated with an increase in the likelihood of hay fever in these children (adjusted odds ratio 3.68, 95% confidence interval 1.29-10.45). Also, regular farming activities in the past year were associated with an increased risk of hay fever. CONCLUSION In children, livestock exposure has a protective effect on skin prick test positivity, whereas farm living and activities increase the risk of hay fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan M Chu
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Donna C Rennie
- Canadian Center for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Donald W Cockcroft
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - P Pahwa
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Canadian Center for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - J Dosman
- Canadian Center for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - L Hagel
- Canadian Center for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - C Karunanayake
- Canadian Center for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - William Pickett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua A Lawson
- Canadian Center for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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Abstract
Asthma has puzzled and confused physicians from the time of Hippocrates to the present day. The word “asthma” comes from a Greek word meaning “panting” (Keeney 1964), but reference to asthma can also be found in ancient Egyptian, Hebrew, and Indian medical writings (Ellul-Micallef 1976; Unger and Harris 1974). There were clear observations of patients experiencing attacks of asthma in the second century and evidence of disordered anatomy in the lung as far back as the seventeenth century (Dring et al. 1689).
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Pearce N, Douwes J. Research at the interface between human and veterinary health. Prev Vet Med 2013; 111:187-93. [PMID: 23791125 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiology is currently undergoing changes in its underlying philosophy and approach, as a result of the rapid global changes which are transforming the world in which epidemiologists live and work. This necessitates a multidisciplinary "population approach" involving "multilevel thinking" about the determinants of disease. These issues are of relevance to the interface between human and animal epidemiology, which has received considerable attention in recent years, particularly as a result of the arrival of H1N1 influenza, and the increasingly obvious need for coordinated systems of surveillance for human and animal infectious diseases. However, the need for coordination between human and veterinary epidemiology is broader than that, and there is no need to restrict the "one world one health" concept to communicable disease. In the current paper we will therefore consider the interface between human and animal health for the study of non-communicable disease, particularly those involving occupational and environmental risk factors. These issues are illustrated with two examples: one involving environmental health (asthma); and one involving occupational health (cancer). We will also discuss the potential to use animal health data as indicators for human environmental health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Pearce
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University Wellington Campus, Private Box 756, Wellington, New Zealand.
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Warm K, Lindberg A, Lundbäck B, Rönmark E. Increase in sensitization to common airborne allergens among adults - two population-based studies 15 years apart. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 9:20. [PMID: 23758681 PMCID: PMC3684537 DOI: 10.1186/1710-1492-9-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on time trends of allergic sensitization among adults are rare. The aim of the study was to compare the prevalence of allergic sensitization to common airborne allergens among adults 15 years apart and to identify risk factors for allergic sensitization. METHODS Clinical examinations including skin prick test (SPT) and structured interviews were performed in two random population samples in 1994 and 2009. Furthermore, specific IgE was analyzed in 2009. SPT data were available for 483 subjects in 1994 and for 463 subjects in 2009 in ages 20-60 years. Specific IgE was analyzed in 692 subjects in ages 20-79 years. RESULTS Sensitization to cat (16% to 26%, p < 0.001), dog (13% to 25%, p < 0.001), birch (13% to 18%, p = 0.031) and timothy (12% to 21%, p < 0.001), based on SPT, increased significantly from 1994 to 2009. Sensitization to any positive SPT increased from 35% to 39%, p = 0.13.The proportion of having ≥3 positive SPT reactions increased from 40% to 56%, p = 0.002. The sensitization pattern yielded similar results based on specific IgE. Risk factors for allergic sensitization were having a family history of allergy (OR 3.1, 95% CI 2.0-4.8 for any positive SPT; OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.8-4.0 for any elevated IgE) and urban living (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.0-2.7; OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0-2.4). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of allergic sensitization to major airborne allergens as well as multi-sensitization increased significantly between the study years. Young age, a family history of allergy and urban living were significant risk factors for allergic sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Warm
- The OLIN studies, Norrbotten County Council, Robertsviksgatan 9, Luleå, S-971 89, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sunderby Central Hospital of Norrbotten, Luleå, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anne Lindberg
- The OLIN studies, Norrbotten County Council, Robertsviksgatan 9, Luleå, S-971 89, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bo Lundbäck
- The OLIN studies, Norrbotten County Council, Robertsviksgatan 9, Luleå, S-971 89, Sweden
- Institute of Medicine/Krefting Research Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Rönmark
- The OLIN studies, Norrbotten County Council, Robertsviksgatan 9, Luleå, S-971 89, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Wiszniewska M, Tymoszuk D, Nowakowska-Świrta E, Pałczyński C, Walusiak-Skorupa J. Mould sensitisation among bakers and farmers with work-related respiratory symptoms. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2013; 51:275-284. [PMID: 23385429 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2012-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Fungi belong to common allergens, which can be found both in occupational and non-occupational environment. The aim of the study was to determine the frequency and factors associated with mould allergy among bakers and farmers reporting work-related respiratory symptoms. The study group comprised 117 bakers and 83 farmers reporting work-related respiratory symptoms. Skin prick tests (SPT) with common, fungal and occupational allergens, estimation of serum total IgE level, spirometry, histamine test and specific inhalative challenge test with occupational allergens were performed in all subjects. The prevalence of hypersensitivity to fungal species was higher among farmers (32.5%) than bakers (16.2%). Positive SPT with mould allergens were found among 10.8% farmers and 6.8% bakers with occupational allergy. The fungi allergens giving positive SPT results most frequently were Candida albicans, Levures mélanges, Aspergillus mix. and Charbons cerealiers in both groups. Among mould allergens, hypersensitivity to Aspergillus genus was the most common in farmers and bakers group, while among Saccharomyces - Candida albicans sensitization was the most frequently detected. Mould hypersensitivity is related to occupational respiratory allergy, especially to asthma and rhinitis in farmers, and occupational asthma in bakers. Although sensitization to Saccharomyces was more frequent, similar correlation was not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Wiszniewska
- Department of Occupational Diseases, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Poland
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Prevalence of Chronic Bronchitis in Farm and Nonfarm Rural Residents in Saskatchewan. J Occup Environ Med 2012; 54:1481-90. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e3182636e49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Dong GH, Wang J, Liu MM, Wang D, Lee YL, Zhao YD. Allergic predisposition modifies the effects of pet exposure on respiratory disease in boys and girls: the seven northeast cities of China (SNECC) study. Environ Health 2012; 11:50. [PMID: 22824203 PMCID: PMC3464690 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-11-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between pet exposure and the respiratory disease in childhood has been a controversial topic, much is still unknown about the nature of the associations between pet exposure and children's respiratory health stratified by gender and allergic predisposition. The objective of the present study was to assess the relationship between pet exposure and respiratory symptoms in Chinese children, and to investigate the modified effects of gender and allergic predisposition on such relationship. METHODS 31,049 children were selected from 25 districts of 7 cities in Northeast China in 2009. Information on respiratory health and exposure to home environmental factors was obtained via a standard questionnaire designed by the American Thoracic Society. RESULTS Children with an allergic predisposition were found to have more frequent exposure to pets than those without an allergic predisposition (18.5% vs. 15.4%). In children without an allergic predisposition, pet exposure was associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory symptoms/diseases, with girls being more susceptible than boys. No association was found between pet exposure and respiratory symptoms/diseases in boys with an allergic predisposition. In girls with an allergic predisposition, association was found between doctor-diagnosed asthma and pet exposure of their mother during pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio (ORs)=2.03; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-4.33), and their current pet exposure (ORs=1.37; 95%CI: 1.00-1.88). CONCLUSIONS Pet exposure in children without an allergic predisposition was associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory disease, with girls being more susceptible than boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Hui Dong
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 92 North 2nd Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Miao-Miao Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 92 North 2nd Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, China
| | - Da Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 92 North 2nd Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, China
| | - Yungling Leo Lee
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Dong Zhao
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, China
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Chen Y, Rennie DC, Pahwa P, Dosman JA. Pulmonary function in adults with recent and former asthma and the role of sex and atopy. BMC Pulm Med 2012; 12:32. [PMID: 22748064 PMCID: PMC3461462 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2466-12-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary function is not fully reversible in asthma in children and may continue into adult life. This study was to determine the association between asthma and reduced pulmonary function in adults and the modification by sex and atopic status. Methods A cross-sectional study of 1492 adults aged 18 years or over was conducted in a rural community. Atopy, height, weight, waist circumference (WC) and pulmonary function were measured. Participants with ever asthma were those who reported by questionnaire a history of asthma diagnosed by a physician during lifetime. Participants who had former (only) asthma were those who reported having physician-diagnosed asthma more than 12 months ago. Participants who had recent asthma were those who reported having asthma during the last 12 months. Results Men had higher values of forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) compared with women, but FEV1/FVC ratio showed no significant difference between sexes. Atopic status was not related to pulmonary function and the average values of the pulmonary function testing variables were almost the same for non-atopic and atopic individuals. Individuals with ever, recent or former asthma had significant lower values of FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio than those who reported having no asthma, and the associations tended to be stronger in men than in women. The interaction between atopy and asthma was not statistically significant. Conclusions Adults who reported having recent asthma or former asthma had reduced pulmonary function, which was significantly modified by sex but not by atopic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451, Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8 M5, Canada.
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May S, Romberger DJ, Poole JA. Respiratory health effects of large animal farming environments. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2012; 15:524-41. [PMID: 23199220 PMCID: PMC4001716 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2012.744288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
With increases in large animal-feeding operations to meet consumer demand, adverse upper and lower respiratory health effects in exposed agriculture workers are a concern. The aim of this study was to review large animal confinement feeding operational exposures associated with respiratory disease with a focus on recent advances in the knowledge of causative factors and cellular and immunological mechanisms. A PubMed search was conducted with the keywords airway, farm, swine, dairy, horse, cattle inflammation, organic dust, endotoxin, and peptidoglycan, among items were published between 1980 and now. Articles were selected based on their relevance to environmental exposure and reference to airway diseases. Airway diseases included rhinitis, sinusitis, mucus membrane inflammation syndrome, asthma, chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and organic dust toxic syndrome. There is lower prevalence of immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated asthma and atopy in farmers and their children, but organic dust worsens existing asthma. Multiple etiologic factors are linked to disease, including allergens, organic dusts, endotoxins, peptidoglycans, and gases. Large animal confinement feeding operations contain a wide diversity of microbes with increasing focus on gram-positive bacteria and archaebacteria as opposed to gram-negative bacteria in mediating disease. Toll-like receptors (TLR) and nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like innate immune pathways respond to these exposures. Finally, a chronic inflammatory adaptation, tolerance-like response in chronically exposed workers occurs. Large animal confinement farming exposures produce a wide spectrum of upper and lower respiratory tract diseases due to the complex diversity of organic dust, particulates, microbial cell wall components, and gases and resultant activation of various innate immune receptor signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara May
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division; Department of Internal Medicine,; University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985300 The Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5300
| | - Debra J. Romberger
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division; Department of Internal Medicine,; University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985300 The Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5300
- Veterans Administration Nebraska Western Iowa Healthcare System, Omaha, NE, 4101 Woolworth Ave., 68105
| | - Jill A. Poole
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division; Department of Internal Medicine,; University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985300 The Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5300
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Nakamura K, Nagata C, Wada K, Fujii K, Kawachi T, Takatsuka N, Shimizu H. Association of Farming with the Development of Cedar Pollinosis in Japanese Adults. Ann Epidemiol 2010; 20:804-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2010.07.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Revised: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Douwes J, Brooks C, Pearce N. Protective effects of farming on allergies and asthma: have we learnt anything since 1873? Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2010; 5:213-9. [PMID: 20476997 DOI: 10.1586/eci.09.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Dong GH, Ma YN, Ding HL, Jin J, Cao Y, Zhao YD, He QC. Pets keeping in home, parental atopy, asthma, and asthma-related symptoms in 12,910 elementary school children from northeast China. INDOOR AIR 2009; 19:166-173. [PMID: 19076246 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2008.00576.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The effects of pet exposure and parental atopy on respiratory symptoms were investigated in 12,910 children residing in twelve districts of northeast China. Responses to a self-administered questionnaire completed by parents of children were used to ascertain children with persistent cough, persistent phlegm, doctor-diagnosed asthma, current asthma and current wheeze. Exposure to animals during pregnancy was positively associated with doctor-diagnosed asthma [adjusted odds ratio (ORs), 1.86; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.35-2.57], current asthma (adjusted OR, 3.06; 95% CI, 1.95-4.81) and asthma-related symptoms. Pet exposure in the first year of life and currently having animals in household were also related to a significantly higher prevalence of doctor-diagnosed asthma and asthma-related symptoms in these children. Associations with respiratory symptoms strengthened with higher levels of animal exposure. Parental atopy increased the risk of asthma diagnosis (OR, 3.49; 95%CI, 2.84-4.30), current asthma (OR, 3.94; 95%CI, 2.81-5.54) and asthma-related symptoms. There was an interaction between parental atopy and pet exposure in persistent phlegm, but not in doctor-diagnosed asthma. We conclude that pet keeping and parental atopy increased the risk of respiratory symptoms in children. Parental atopy did modify the effect of pet exposure on persistent phlegm but not on doctor-diagnosed asthma. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The relationship between exposure to animals and allergic respiratory diseases in childhood is controversial. Inconsistent with other cross-sectional studies mostly conducted in industrialized countries, our study indicates that exposure to animals may increase the occurrence of respiratory symptoms and diseases in children, and the associations with respiratory symptoms strengthened with higher levels of animal exposure parental atopy did modify the effect of pet exposure on persistent phlegm but not on doctor-diagnosed asthma. These findings support the view that measures should be taken to reduce animal exposure for children in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- G-H Dong
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 92 North 2nd, Shenyang, China
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Dalphin JC. [In the agricultural environment there is asthma and asthma... or the paradox of agricultural asthma]. Rev Mal Respir 2008; 24:1083-6. [PMID: 18176383 DOI: 10.1016/s0761-8425(07)74256-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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