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Wang D, Li X, Xu L, Fang W, Cai X, Wang Y, Wang J, Wang Y, Zhao F, Gu Y. Dose-escalation of oxaliplatin in hemodialysis patient treated with FOLFOX therapy: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17462. [PMID: 31689749 PMCID: PMC6946187 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Oxaliplatin is a key part of the standard treatment for colorectal cancer which is formally contraindicated in patients with severe renal dysfunction. Here, we investigated a safe and efficient dosing schedule of oxaliplatin in folinic acid, fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) regimen by monitoring total and free platinum concentrations in plasma. PATIENT CONCERNS A 47-year-old female with chronic hemodialysis was diagnosed with left-sided colon cancer and underwent colectomy. One year later, she was presented with omentum metastasis and needed further treatment. DIAGNOSES The computed tomography (CT) scanning revealed multiple omental nodules. Positron emission tomography-CT (PET-CT) showed increased uptake of the nodules. INTERVENTIONS The patient was treated with FOLFOX therapy every 3 weeks. The oxaliplatin began with 50 mg/m and gradually increased 85 mg/m as in the standard regimen. A 4-hour dialysis was started 1 hour after the end of oxaliplatin infusion. OUTCOMES The free platinum concentration time curve showed a biomodel pattern. The Cmax of the 1st peak we observed in our patients at the standard dose is comparable to patients with normal renal function. This patient was treated with FOLFOX for 12 courses. No apparent adverse effect was observed during the treatment. LESSONS The FOLFOX can be safely administered in hemodialysis patients on a long-term basis. Dose reduction of oxaliplatin is not necessarily needed if hemodialysis is performed soon after the infusion. Further studies are needed to distinguish between active and inactive oxaliplatin products during the 2nd peak of the free platinum concentration curve in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wentong Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Huang SH, Chao Y, Wu YY, Luo JC, Kao CH, Yen SH, Li CP. Concurrence of UGT1A Polymorphism and End-Stage Renal Disease Leads to Severe Toxicities of Irinotecan in a Patient with Metastatic Colon Cancer. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 97:243-7. [DOI: 10.1177/030089161109700221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aims and background Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the world, and irinotecan (CPT-11) is useful in its treatment. However, the safety and pharmacokinetics of irinotecan in dialysis patients with metastatic colorectal cancer are unclear. Case report We report the case of a 74-year-old man receiving chronic hemodialysis who had metastatic colorectal cancer. Palliative chemotherapy with irinotecan (80 mg/m2 weekly) was administered after hemodialysis. Blood samples were collected before and 1.5, 3, 6, 9, and 15 hours after administration of irinotecan. The peak serum concentrations (Cmax) of irinotecan and SN-38 in this patient were 1, 480 and 17.8 ng/mL, respectively, which were similar to the reported values in patients with normal renal function after a similar dose of irinotecan (75 mg/m2). The area under the serum concentration-time curve (AUC0-∞) was 8, 240 ng×h/mL for irinotecan and 619 ng×h/mL for SN-38. The AUC0-∞ for SN-38 was markedly higher than that for patients with normal renal function. Sequencing analysis of the UGT1A genes found that the patient had variant alleles of UGT1A1*28, UGT1A1*60 and UGT1A9*22, which may lead to decreased glucuronidation and excretion of SN-38, and may account for increased irinotecan-related toxicity. The patient developed febrile grade 4 neutropenia on day 7 after chemotherapy and died of septic shock on day 14. Conclusions UGT1A polymorphisms and renal failure may lead to accumulation of SN-38, which may have played a role in the death of this patient. Irinotecan should be used cautiously in dialysis patients with metastatic colorectal cancer and screening for UGT1A polymorphisms may help in identifying patients with lower SN-38 glucuronidation rates and greater susceptibility to irinotecan-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hao Huang
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yee Chao
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Central Clinic Hospital, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ying Wu
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiing-Chyuan Luo
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hui Kao
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sang-Hue Yen
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Pin Li
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Kitai Y, Matsubara T, Funakoshi T, Horimatsu T, Muto M, Yanagita M. Cancer screening and treatment in patients with end-stage renal disease: remaining issues in the field of onco-nephrology. RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s41100-016-0046-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Niikura R, Serizawa T, Yamada A, Yoshida S, Tanaka M, Hirata Y, Koike K. Safety of Regular-Dose Imatinib Therapy in Patients with Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors Undergoing Dialysis. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2016; 10:17-23. [PMID: 27403097 PMCID: PMC4929395 DOI: 10.1159/000443267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of cancer patients undergoing dialysis has been increasing, and the number of these patients on chemotherapy is also increasing. Imatinib is an effective and safe therapy for KIT-positive gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), but the efficacy and safety of imatinib in dialysis patients remain unclear. Because clinical trials have not been conducted in this population, more investigations are required. We report on a 75-year-old Japanese man undergoing dialysis who presented with massive tarry stool from a duodenal GIST. The duodenal GIST was 14 cm in diameter with multiple liver and bone metastases. The patient underwent an urgent pancreaticoduodenectomy to achieve hemostasis. After surgery, he was administered imatinib 400 mg/day. No severe adverse event including myelosuppression, congestive heart failure, liver functional impairment, intestinal pneumonia, or Steven-Johnson syndrome occurred, and the liver metastasis remained stable for 4 months. During chemotherapy, hemodialysis continued three times per week without adverse events. We suggest that regular-dose imatinib is an effective and safe treatment in patients with GIST undergoing dialysis. In addition, we present a literature review of the effectiveness and safety of imatinib treatment in dialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Niikura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takako Serizawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuo Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Yoshida
- Endoscopy and Endoscopic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hirata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Janus N, Thariat J, Boulanger H, Deray G, Launay-Vacher V. Proposal for dosage adjustment and timing of chemotherapy in hemodialyzed patients. Ann Oncol 2010; 21:1395-1403. [PMID: 20118214 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdp598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increased incidence of malignancies in patients with chronic renal failure has been discussed since the mid-70s. On the other hand, the high frequency of chronic renal insufficiency among cancer patients has been recently assessed in the Insuffisance Rénale et Médicaments Anticancéreux Study which demonstrated a prevalence as high as 50%-60% of the patients for all stages of kidney disease. Furthermore, the incidence of end-stage renal disease is growing worldwide and so is the number of patients on chronic dialysis, hemodialysis (HD) for the large majority of them. As a result, the question of cytotoxic drug handling in those patients in terms of dosage adjustment and time of administration regarding the dialysis sessions needs to be addressed to optimize cytotoxic drug therapy in those patients. METHODS We reviewed the international literature on the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, tolerance and dosage adjustment of cytotoxic drugs used to treat solid tumor patients and when available, specific literature on HD cancer patients. RESULTS From these data, dosing recommendations are given for the most prescribed cytotoxic drugs in clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS Dosage adjustments are often necessary in HD cancer patients. These adaptations have to be carefully carried out to optimize drug exposure, ensure efficacy and reduce the risk of side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Janus
- ICAR-Department of Nephrology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris.
| | - J Thariat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice
| | - H Boulanger
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Clinique de l'Estrée, Stains, France
| | - G Deray
- ICAR-Department of Nephrology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris
| | - V Launay-Vacher
- ICAR-Department of Nephrology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris
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Czock D, Rasche FM, Boesler B, Shipkova M, Keller F. Irinotecan in Cancer Patients with End-Stage Renal Failure. Ann Pharmacother 2009; 43:363-9. [DOI: 10.1345/aph.1l511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To observe and report on the pharmacokinetics of irinotecan in a patient with end-stage renal failure (ESRF) who was undergoing hemodialysis. Case Summary: A 64-year-old man with metastatic colorectal cancer who was on hemodialysis was treated with Irinotecan 50 mg/m2 weekly for 3 weeks, followed by 1 week with no treatment. As the drug was well tolerated, the dosage was increased to 80 mg/m2 after 2 cycles. Diagnostic testing of a hepatic lesion after 2 and 6 treatment cycles showed stable disease. The carcinoembryonic antigen value decreased to 40% of its pretreatment level. Pharmacokinetically, our patient had a lower apparent clearance and a higher maximum concentration of the active metabolite SN-38 (130 L/h/m2, maximum concentration 0.4 μg/L per mg of irinotecan) compared with published values from patients with normal renal function. Removal of irinotecan and its metabolites by hemodialysis was negligible. Discussion: The reason for the unexpectedly low clearance of SN-38 in our patient remains unclear. We speculate that inhibition of the OATP1B1 transporter by uremic toxins could be an explanation. Such a mechanism would explain excessive irinotecan toxicity, as reported in previous case reports of patients undergoing hemodialysis. Conclusions: We conclude that approximately two-thirds of the standard weekly irinotecan dosage regimen should be considered in patients with ESRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Czock
- Senior Physician, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franz Maximilian Rasche
- Clinical Specialist, Medical Department I, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Benjamin Boesler
- Clinical Specialist, Medical Department I, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Ulm
| | - Maria Shipkova
- Head of the Laboratory, Laboratory for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology, Central Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Stuttgart Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Frieder Keller
- Nephrology, Head of Division, Medical Department I, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Ulm
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