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Umer SM, Shamim S, Khan KM, Saleem RSZ. Perplexing Polyphenolics: The Isolations, Syntheses, Reappraisals, and Bioactivities of Flavonoids, Isoflavonoids, and Neoflavonoids from 2016 to 2022. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030736. [PMID: 36983891 PMCID: PMC10058313 DOI: 10.3390/life13030736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids, isoflavonoids, neoflavonoids, and their various subcategories are polyphenolics-an extensive class of natural products. These compounds are bioactive and display multiple activities, including anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, and neuroprotective activities. Thus, these compounds can serve as leads for therapeutic agents or targets for complex synthesis; they are coveted and routinely isolated, characterized, biologically evaluated, and synthesized. However, data regarding the compounds' sources, isolation procedures, structural novelties, bioactivities, and synthetic schemes are often dispersed and complex, a dilemma this review aims to address. To serve as an easily accessible guide for researchers wanting to apprise themselves of the latest advancements in this subfield, this review summarizes seventy-six (76) articles published between 2016 and 2022 that detail the isolation and characterization of two hundred and forty-nine (249) novel compounds, the total and semisyntheses of thirteen (13) compounds, and reappraisals of the structures of twenty (20) previously reported compounds and their bioactivities. This article also discusses new synthetic methods and enzymes capable of producing or modifying flavonoids, isoflavonoids, or neoflavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Muhammad Umer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SBASSE, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Sector-U, DHA, Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Shahbaz Shamim
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam P.O. Box 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahman Shah Zaib Saleem
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SBASSE, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Sector-U, DHA, Lahore 54792, Pakistan
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Synthesis and antitumor activity of novel silibinin and 2,3-dehydrosilybin derivatives with carbamate groups. Med Chem Res 2022; 31:533-544. [PMID: 35194363 PMCID: PMC8853087 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02854-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of silibinin and 2,3-dehydrosilybin derivatives bearing carbamate groups were designed, synthesized and their in vitro anticancer activities were screened against human cancer cell lines including MCF-7, NCI-H1299, HepG2 and HT29 by CCK-8 assay. The results showed that most of the compounds significantly suppressed the proliferation of tested cancer cells. Among them, compounds 2h, 3h and 3f demonstrated markedly higher antiproliferative activity on MCF-7 cells with IC50 values of 2.08, 5.54 and 6.84 µM, respectively. Compounds 3e, 3g and 2g displayed better cytotoxic activity against NCI-H1299 cells with IC50 values of 8.07, 8.45 and 9.09 µM, respectively. Compounds 3g, 3c and 3h exhibited a promising inhibitory effect against HepG2 cells with IC50 values of 8.88, 9.47 and 9.99 µM, respectively. Compounds 3e, 2e and 3c revealed effective biological potency on HT29 cells with IC50 values of 6.27, 9.13 and 9.32 µM, respectively. In addition, the outcomes of the docking studies between compounds 2f, 2h, 3e, 3g and Hsp90 receptor (PDB ID: 4AWO) suggest the possible mechanism of inhibition against MCF-7 cell lines. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Karas D, Gažák R, Valentová K, Chambers CS, Pivodová V, Biedermann D, Křenková A, Oborná I, Kuzma M, Cvačka J, Ulrichová J, Křen V. Effects of 2,3-Dehydrosilybin and Its Galloyl Ester and Methyl Ether Derivatives on Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:812-820. [PMID: 27015547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects in vitro of 2,3-dehydrosilybin and several galloyl esters and methyl ethers on the viability, proliferation, and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were evaluated. The monogalloyl esters were synthesized by a chemoselective esterification method or by Steglich esterification of suitably protected 2,3-dehydrosilybin (1) with protected gallic acid. 2,3-Dehydrosilybin (1) displayed more potent cytotoxic, antiproliferative, and antimigratory activities (IC50 12.0, 5.4, and 12.2 μM, respectively) than silybin. The methylated derivatives were less active, with the least potent being 3,7-di-O-methyl-2,3-dehydrosilybin (6). On the other hand, galloylation at C-7 OH and C-23 OH markedly increased the cytotoxicity and the effects on the proliferation and migration of HUVECs. The most active derivative was 7-O-galloyl-2,3-dehydrosilybin (13; IC50 value of 3.4, 1.6, and 4.7 μM in the cytotoxicity, inhibition of proliferation, and antimigratory assays, respectively). Overall, this preliminary structure-activity relationship study demonstrated the importance of a 2,3-double bond, a C-7 OH group, and a galloyl moiety in enhancing the activity of flavonolignans toward HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Radek Gažák
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences , Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Valentová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences , Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Christopher S Chambers
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences , Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | | | - David Biedermann
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences , Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Křenková
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences , Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Oborná
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and University Hospital , I.P. Pavlova 6, CZ-775 20 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Kuzma
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences , Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Cvačka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | | | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences , Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
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Králová J, Bříza T, Moserová I, Dolenský B, Vašek P, Poučková P, Kejík Z, Kaplánek R, Martásek P, Dvořák M, Král V. Glycol Porphyrin Derivatives as Potent Photodynamic Inducers of Apoptosis in Tumor Cells. J Med Chem 2008; 51:5964-73. [DOI: 10.1021/jm8002119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jarmila Králová
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Katerinska 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic, and Zentiva Research & Development, U Kabelovny 130, 10237 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Bříza
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Katerinska 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic, and Zentiva Research & Development, U Kabelovny 130, 10237 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Moserová
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Katerinska 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic, and Zentiva Research & Development, U Kabelovny 130, 10237 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Bohumil Dolenský
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Katerinska 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic, and Zentiva Research & Development, U Kabelovny 130, 10237 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Vašek
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Katerinska 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic, and Zentiva Research & Development, U Kabelovny 130, 10237 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Poučková
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Katerinska 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic, and Zentiva Research & Development, U Kabelovny 130, 10237 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Kejík
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Katerinska 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic, and Zentiva Research & Development, U Kabelovny 130, 10237 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Kaplánek
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Katerinska 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic, and Zentiva Research & Development, U Kabelovny 130, 10237 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Martásek
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Katerinska 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic, and Zentiva Research & Development, U Kabelovny 130, 10237 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Dvořák
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Katerinska 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic, and Zentiva Research & Development, U Kabelovny 130, 10237 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Král
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Katerinska 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic, and Zentiva Research & Development, U Kabelovny 130, 10237 Prague 10, Czech Republic
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