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Jiang Z, Cui X, Qu P, Shang C, Xiang M, Wang J. Roles and mechanisms of puerarin on cardiovascular disease:A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 147:112655. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Danolić MJ, Perković D, Petrić M, Barišić I, Gugo K, Božić J. Adropin Serum Levels in Patients with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091296. [PMID: 34572509 PMCID: PMC8466460 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) patients have higher prevalence of endothelial dysfunction and premature atherosclerosis. Recent studies investigated adropin, a secretory protein that can regulate lipid metabolism and insulin resistance and protect endothelial cells’ function and that has an anti-inflammatory effect. The aim of this study was to determine adropin levels in pSS patients compared to healthy controls. Additional goals were exploring the correlation between adropin and several metabolic and immunological parameters in pSS, including disease specific antibodies, EULAR Sjögren’s Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI), and Sjögren’s Syndrome Disease Damage Index (SSDDI). This research included 52 pSS patients and 52 healthy controls. pSS patients have significantly higher adropin levels compared to the control group (3.76 ± 0.68 vs. 3.14 ± 0.69 ng/mL, p < 0.001). Correlation analysis showed that adropin levels in pSS patients have positive correlation with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (r = 0.290, p = 0.036) and anti SSA/Ro52 antibodies (r = 0.307, p = 0.026) and negative correlation with SSDDI (r = −0.401, p = 0.003). Multivariant linear regression showed that adropin levels are independently associated with HDL (β ± SE, 0.903 ± 0.283, p = 0.002) and SSDDI (β ± SE, −0.202 ± 0.073, p = 0.008). Our findings imply that adropin could be involved in the pathophysiology of pSS, yet it remains to be elucidated in future studies whether adropin has a protective or detrimental role in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dijana Perković
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (D.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Marin Petrić
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (D.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Igor Barišić
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Katarina Gugo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Joško Božić
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia;
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Wan Q, Liu Z, Yang Y. Puerarin inhibits vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation induced by fine particulate matter via suppressing of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:146. [PMID: 29728095 PMCID: PMC5935934 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2206-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a major risk factor for the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Proliferation and infiltration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from the blood vessel media into the intima is a crucial step in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Puerarin, a natural extract from Radix Puerariae, possesses significant anti-atherosclerosis properties. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for the effect of puerarin on the VSMCs proliferation induced by PM2.5 remain unclear. The present study was designed to examine the effect of puerarin on PM2.5-induced VSMCs proliferation, and to explore the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) signal mechanism involved. Methods VSMCs viability was measured by CCK-8 assay, VSMCs proliferation was assessed by BrdU immunofluorescence, the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malonaldehyde (MDA) were assayed by colorimetric assay kits, the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were determined by nitrate reductase method and radioimmunoassay, the levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were measured by ELISA. The protein expressions of phospho-p38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the VSMCs were subjected by Western blot. Results Compared to the PM2.5-treated cells, in addition to inhibiting the PM2.5-induced VSMCs proliferation, puerarin also down-regulated the protein expressions of p-p38 MAPK and PCNA, decreased the levels of ET-1, VCAM-1, IL-6, TNF-α and MDA, increased the levels of NO and SOD. Moreover, the anti-proliferative effects of puerarin were significantly enhanced by the co-incubation of puerarin with SB203580, a selective inhibitor of p38 MAPK, as compared to the puerarin-treated cells. Conclusion These results suggest that puerarin might suppress the PM2.5-induced VSMCs proliferation via the inhibition of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
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Salem A, Mistry H, Backen A, Hodgson C, Koh P, Dean E, Priest L, Haslett K, Trigonis I, Jackson A, Asselin MC, Dive C, Renehan A, Faivre-Finn C, Blackhall F. Cell Death, Inflammation, Tumor Burden, and Proliferation Blood Biomarkers Predict Lung Cancer Radiotherapy Response and Correlate With Tumor Volume and Proliferation Imaging. Clin Lung Cancer 2018; 19:239-248.e7. [PMID: 29398577 PMCID: PMC5927801 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is an unmet need to develop noninvasive biomarkers to stratify patients in drug-radiotherapy trials. In this pilot study we investigated lung cancer radiotherapy response and toxicity blood biomarkers and correlated findings with tumor volume and proliferation imaging. PATIENTS AND METHODS Blood samples were collected before and during (day 21) radiotherapy. Twenty-six cell-death, hypoxia, angiogenesis, inflammation, proliferation, invasion, and tumor-burden biomarkers were evaluated. Clinical and laboratory data were collected. Univariate analysis was performed on small-cell and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whereas multivariate analysis focused on NSCLC. RESULTS Blood samples from 78 patients were analyzed. Sixty-one (78.2%) harbored NSCLC, 48 (61.5%) received sequential chemoradiotherapy. Of tested baseline biomarkers, undetectable interleukin (IL)-1b (hazard ratio [HR], 4.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.04-7.93; P < .001) was the only significant survival covariate. Of routinely collected laboratory tests, high baseline neutrophil count was a significant survival covariate (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02-1.11; P = .017). Baseline IL-1b and neutrophil count were prognostic for survival in a multivariate model. The addition of day-21 cytokeratin-19 antigen modestly improved this model's survival prediction (concordance probability, 0.75-0.78). Chemotherapy (P < .001) and baseline keratinocyte growth factor (P = .019) predicted acute esophagitis, but only chemotherapy remained significant after Bonferroni correction. Baseline angioprotein-1 and hepatocyte growth factor showed a direct correlation with tumor volume whereas changes in vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 showed significant correlations with 18F-fluorothymidine (FLT) positron emission tomography (PET). CONCLUSION Select biomarkers are prognostic after radiotherapy in this lung cancer series. The correlation between circulating biomarkers and 18F-FLT PET is shown, to our knowledge for the first time, highlighting their potential role as imaging surrogates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Salem
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Hitesh Mistry
- Division of Pharmacy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Backen
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Hodgson
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Pek Koh
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Dean
- Early Phase Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lynsey Priest
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Haslett
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis Trigonis
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Jackson
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Marie-Claude Asselin
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Dive
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Renehan
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Corinne Faivre-Finn
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Blackhall
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Wang Y, Wang HL, Chen J, Sun JX. Clinical and prognostic value of combined measurement of cytokines and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in premature rupture of membranes. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2015; 132:85-8. [PMID: 26604160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2001] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in women with premature rupture of membranes (PROM) differ from those in women without PROM. METHODS An observational study of full-term primiparous pregnant women with PROM (PROM group) and those undergoing elective cesarean delivery (control group) was performed at a center in Yangzhou, China, between January 2003 and July 2006. IL-6, IL-8, and VCAM-1 levels were measured in maternal blood, cord blood, and amniotic fluid. A pathologic examination of fetal membranes was conducted. RESULTS The IL-6, IL-8, and VCAM-1 levels in maternal serum, amniotic fluid, and cord blood were significantly higher in the PROM group (n=58) than in the control group (n=38; P<0.05 for all comparisons). In the PROM group, the levels increased with duration of membrane rupture (P<0.05 for all). Women with chorioamnionitis had significantly higher levels than women without chorioamnionitis (P<0.05 for all), and women with PROM whose newborns had low Apgar score (≤7) had higher levels than those whose newborns had a higher Apgar score (P<0.05 for all). CONCLUSION Combined measurements of IL-6, IL-8, and VCAM-1 might help to improve early diagnosis of PROM and chorioamnionitis, and to evaluate the prognosis of newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Antenatal Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hong-Ling Wang
- Department of Antenatal Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Antenatal Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing-Xia Sun
- Department of Antenatal Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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Khanna V, Jain M, Singh V, Kanshana JS, Prakash P, Barthwal MK, Murthy PSR, Dikshit M. Cholesterol diet withdrawal leads to an initial plaque instability and subsequent regression of accelerated iliac artery atherosclerosis in rabbits. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77037. [PMID: 24146955 PMCID: PMC3798418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Effect of long term cholesterol diet withdrawal on accelerated atherosclerosis in iliac artery of New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits has not been explored so far. Atherosclerosis was thus induced in rabbits by a combination of balloon injury and atherogenic diet (AD) (1% cholesterol and 6% peanut oil) feeding for 8 weeks (baseline) followed by chow diet (CD) feeding for 4, 8, 16, 32, 50 and 64 weeks. The plaque characterization was done using histology, real time RT-PCR and vasoreactivity studies. Significant elevation in plasma lipids with AD feeding was normalized following 16 weeks of CD feeding. However, baseline comparison showed advanced plaque features even after 8 weeks of CD period with significant elevation in intima/media thickness ratio and plaque area later showing reduction at 50 and 64 weeks CD periods. Lesion lipid accumulation and CD68 positivity was maintained till 16 weeks of CD feeding which significantly reduced from 32 to 64 weeks CD periods. Baseline comparison showed significant increase in ground substance, MMP-9 and significant decrease in α-actin and collagen content at 8 weeks CD period indicating features of unstable plaque. These features regressed up to 64 weeks of CD. Partial restoration of functional vasoconstriction and vasorelaxation was seen after 64 weeks of CD feeding. mRNA expression of MCP-1, VCAM-1, collagen type I and III, MMP-9, TIMP-1, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10 and eNOS supported the above findings. The study thus reveals insights into initial plaque instability and subsequent regression on AD withdrawal in this model. These results are suggestive of an appropriate window for drug intervention for plaque stability/regression and restenosis as well as improves understanding of plaque regression phenomenon in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Khanna
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manish Jain
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vishal Singh
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jitendra S. Kanshana
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prem Prakash
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj K. Barthwal
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Puvvada S. R. Murthy
- Toxicology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madhu Dikshit
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- * E-mail:
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Usui T, Okada M, Hara Y, Yamawaki H. Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase regulates the development of hypertension through oxidative stress-dependent vascular inflammation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 305:H756-68. [PMID: 23812389 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00373.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K) is a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase. We recently demonstrated that eEF2K protein increases in mesenteric artery from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Pathogenesis of hypertension is regulated in part by vascular inflammation. We tested the hypothesis whether eEF2K mediates vascular inflammatory responses and development of hypertension. In vascular endothelial cells, small interfering RNA (siRNA) against eEF2K inhibited induction of VCAM-1 and endothelial-selectin as well as monocyte adhesion by TNF-α (10 ng/ml). eEF2K siRNA inhibited phosphorylation of JNK and NF-κB p65 as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by TNF-α. In vascular smooth muscle cells, eEF2K siRNA also inhibited VCAM-1 induction and phosphorylation of JNK and NF-κB by TNF-α. In vivo, increased blood pressure in SHR and ROS production, induction of inflammatory molecules, and hypertrophy in SHR superior mesenteric artery were reduced by an eEF2K inhibitor NH125 (500 μg·kg(-1)·day(-1)). In SHR superior mesenteric artery, impairment of ACh-induced relaxation was normalized by NH125. The present results for the first time demonstrate that eEF2K mediates TNF-α-induced vascular inflammation via ROS-dependent mechanism, which is at least partly responsible for the development of hypertension in SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Usui
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan
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Wang X, Mychajlowycz M, Lau C, Gutierrez C, Scott JA, Chow CW. Spleen tyrosine kinase mediates BEAS-2B cell migration and proliferation and human rhinovirus-induced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-8. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 340:277-85. [PMID: 22031919 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.186429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is an immunoregulatory tyrosine kinase that was identified originally in leukocytes. It is a key regulator of innate immunity as well as hematopoietic cell differentiation and proliferation. A role for Syk in regulating normal cellular functions in nonhematopoietic cells is increasingly recognized. We have shown previously robust Syk expression in airway epithelium, where it regulates the early inflammatory response to human rhinovirus (HRV) infections, and HRV cell entry by clathrin-mediated endocytosis. To test the hypothesis that Syk plays a role in modulating airway epithelial cell proliferation, migration, and production of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-8, we studied the BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cell line and primary human airway epithelia from normal and asthmatic donors using Syk-specific pharmacologic inhibitors and small interfering RNA. Using an in vitro "wounding" model, we demonstrated significant impairment of "wound" closure after treatment with the Syk inhibitors N4-(2,2-dimethyl-3-oxo-4H-pyrid[1,4]oxazin-6-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2,4-pyrimidinediamine (R406) and 2-[7-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-5-ylamino]-nicotinamide dihydrochloride (BAY61-3606), overexpression of the kinase-inactive Syk(K396R) mutant, and Syk knockdown by small interfering RNA. HRV infection also impaired wound healing, an effect that was partly Syk-dependent because wound healing was impaired further when HRV infection occurred in the presence of Syk inhibition. Further investigation of potential regulatory mechanisms revealed that inhibition of Syk suppressed HRV-induced vascular endothelial growth factor expression while promoting the activation of caspase-3, a mediator of epithelial cell apoptosis. Together, these results indicate that Syk plays a role in promoting epithelial cell proliferation and migration, while mitigating the effects of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Wang
- Division of Respirology and Multi-Organ Transplantation Programme, University Health Network, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Diskin CJ, Stokes TJ, Dansby LM, Radcliff L, Carter TB. The prevalence and meaning of eosinophilia in renal diseases on a nephrology consultation service. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 26:2549-58. [PMID: 21239387 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfq745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, we have come to understand that the eosinophil is more than the end point in clearance of parasitic infection or a maladaptive response to asthma and allergic reactions. Since eosinophilia has been reported to be common in renal diseases, we thought that an evaluation of the associations of eosinophilia on a renal consultation service would add some value to the understanding of their role in renal disease. METHODS This was a prospective cross-sectional study of 1339 consecutive patients referred to the nephrology service after hospitalization who were evaluated for the relationship of the amount of serum eosinophils to their diagnosis, gender, age and the presence of autoimmune disease, cancer, infection, liver disease, pleural effusions, allergies and use of prednisone, beta-blockers or beta agonists, in addition to the total white blood count, urine protein, serum concentration creatinine and phosphorus levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate. RESULTS The presence of vascular disease correlated the most strongly with increased eosinophil count (partial correlation coefficient, r = 0.18, P = 0.006), followed by pleural effusions (r = 0.17, P = 0.001), while total white cell count (r = -0.18, P = 0.008) and administration of beta-blockers (r = -0.13, P = 0.047) demonstrated significant inverse correlations and the presence of autoimmune disease, cancer, allergies, proteinuria and serum phosphorus concentration demonstrated no significant correlation. CONCLUSION There are multiple associations with increased eosinophil counts in patients seen on a nephrology consultant service; however, their presence appears less often in association with allergies or uremia and more often with vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Diskin
- Department of Hypertension, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Auburn University, Opelika, AL 36801, USA.
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Gao Z, Cao L, Luo Q, Wang X, Yu L, Wang T, Liu H. Spleen tyrosine kinase modulates the proliferation and phenotypes of vascular smooth muscle cells induced by platelet-derived growth factor. DNA Cell Biol 2010; 30:149-55. [PMID: 21189061 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2010.1146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) regulates vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) by activating signaling cascades that promote vasoconstriction and growth, but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely characterized. In this study, we aimed at investigating the role of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) in the proliferation and phenotypes in rat pulmonary arterial VSMCs. Our results demonstrate that PDGF-BB or Syk-adenovirus led to a substantial increase of proliferation of VSMCs and cytoskeleton rearrangement in rat VSMCs. Consistently, these cells underwent phenotype changes. Notably, Syk inhibitor piceatannol significantly inhibited those biological effects induced by PDGF-BB. Thus, we conclude that Syk plays an important role in vascular remodeling through the modulation of proliferation and phenotypes of VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxiang Gao
- The Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling Research Unit, Pediatric Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Up-regulation of ß1 integrin on tonsillar T cells and its induction by in vitro stimulation with α-streptococci in patients with pustulosis Palmaris et Plantaris. J Clin Immunol 2010; 30:861-71. [PMID: 20714794 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-010-9451-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 08/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pustulosis palmaris et plantaris (PPP) is a tonsil-related disease that can be cured with tonsillectomy. Recent immunological studies have shown that hyperactivation of tonsillar T cells is caused by a hyperimmune response to α-streptococci; recruitment of the T cells to lesions may be involved in the pathogenesis of PPP. ß1 integrin, expressed on T cells, not only provides a costimulatory signal for T-cell activation but also facilitates the accumulation of T cells in inflammatory skin lesions. In this study, we found that expression of ß1 integrin on both tonsillar and peripheral blood CD4-positive T cells was higher in PPP patients than in non-PPP patients. In vitro stimulation with α-streptococcal antigen significantly enhanced ß1 integrin expression on tonsillar CD4-positive T cells in PPP patients, but not in non-PPP patients. The chemotactic response of tonsillar CD4-positive T cells to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, the ß1 integrin ligand, was significantly better in PPP patients than in non-PPP patients. The percentage of ß1 integrin-positive peripheral blood CD4-positive T cells decreased after tonsillectomy in PPP patients. The numbers of ß1 integrin-positive T cells and the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 were more elevated in plantar PPP skin lesions than in normal skin. These results suggest that ß1 integrin may play a key role in the pathogenesis of PPP.
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Chakraborty K, Bose A, Chakraborty T, Sarkar K, Goswami S, Pal S, Baral R. Restoration of dysregulated CC chemokine signaling for monocyte/macrophage chemotaxis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients by neem leaf glycoprotein maximizes tumor cell cytotoxicity. Cell Mol Immunol 2010; 7:396-408. [PMID: 20622890 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2010.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the CC chemokine receptor CCR5 is downregulated on monocyte/macrophage (MO/Mphi) surfaces in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients (stage IIIB). Ligands (RANTES, MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta) of this chemokine receptor were also secreted in lesser quantity from MO/Mphi of HNSCC patients in comparison with healthy individuals. In an aim to restore this dysregulated receptor-ligand signaling, we have used neem leaf glycoprotein (NLGP), a novel immunomodulator reported from our laboratory. NLGP upregulated CCR5 expression, as evidenced from studies on MO/Mphi of peripheral blood from HNSCC patients as well as healthy individuals. Expression of RANTES, MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta was also upregulated following NLGP treatment of these cells in vitro. Interestingly, NLGP has little effect on the expression of CCR5 and the ligand RANTES in oral cancer cells. This restored CCR5 receptor-ligand signaling seen in MO/Mphi was reflected in improved CCR5-dependent, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-mediated migration of MO/Mphi after NLGP treatment to a standard chemoattractant. NLGP also induces better antigen presentation and simultaneous costimulation to effector T cells by MO/Mphi by upregulating human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-ABC, CD80 and CD86. In addition, NLGP-treated MO/Mphi-primed T cells can effectively lyse tumor cells in vitro. The effects of NLGP on monocyte migration and T cell-mediated oral tumor cell killing were further demonstrated in transwell assays with or without CCR5 neutralization. These results suggest a new approach in cancer immunotherapy by modulating dysregulated CCR5 signals from MO/Mphi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Chakraborty
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
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Gerli R, Vaudo G, Bocci EB, Schillaci G, Alunno A, Luccioli F, Hijazi R, Mannarino E, Shoenfeld Y. Functional impairment of the arterial wall in primary Sjögren's syndrome: Combined action of immunologic and inflammatory factors. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2010; 62:712-8. [DOI: 10.1002/acr.20117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Lee CK, Han JS, Won KJ, Jung SH, Park HJ, Lee HM, Kim J, Park YS, Kim HJ, Park PJ, Park TK, Kim B. Diminished expression of dihydropteridine reductase is a potent biomarker for hypertensive vessels. Proteomics 2009; 9:4851-8. [PMID: 19743417 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200800973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2008] [Accepted: 07/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To identify the new targets for hypertension, we analyzed the protein expression profiles of aortic smooth muscle in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) of various ages during the development of hypertension, as well as in age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, using a proteomic analysis. The expressions of seven proteins were altered in SHR compared with WKY rats. Of these proteins, NADH dehydrogenase 1alpha, GSTomega1, peroxi-redoxin I and transgelin were upregulated in SHR compared with WKY rats. On the other hand, the expression of HSP27 and Ran protein decreased in SHR. The diminution of dihydrobiopterin reductase, an enzyme located in the regeneration pathways of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), was also prominent in SHR. The results from a PCR analysis revealed that the expression of BH4 biosynthesis enzymes - GTP cyclohydrolase-1 and sepiapterin reductase - decreased and increased, respectively, in SHR compared with WKY rats. The level of BH4 was less in aortic strips from SHR than from WKY rats. Moreover, treatment with BH4 inhibited aortic smooth muscle contraction induced by serotonin. These results suggest that the deficiency in BH4 regeneration produced by diminished dihydrobiopterin reductase expression is involved in vascular disorders in hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Kwon Lee
- Institute of Functional Genomics, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Danwol-dong, Choonju, Korea
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15
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Fu X, Han B, Cai S, Lei Y, Sun T, Sheng Z. Migration of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and its possible role in wound healing. Wound Repair Regen 2009; 17:185-91. [PMID: 19320886 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-475x.2009.00454.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effect of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) on the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in the migration ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the context of wound healing. We also explored the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways in the migration of MSCs. MSCs were isolated from the bone marrow and cultured. Immunocytochemistry, Western blotting, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were used to observe the effect of TNF-alpha on the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in MSCs. The chemotaxis effect of TNF-alpha on MSCs was investigated by the trans-well system and the inhibition effect of TNF-alpha using its antibody. Western blotting analysis was used to observe the activation of JAK-STAT and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways, and ERK was inhibited with PD98059 and p38 with SB203580 to observe the effect of TNF-alpha on MSC migration and ICAM-1 expression. The expression of ICAM-1 could be up-regulated by 50 microg/L TNF-alpha (p<0.05), whereas that of VCAM-1 remained unchanged (p>0.05). Also, TNF-alpha showed a chemotaxis effect by enhancing the migration ability of MSCs (p<0.05). TNF-alpha at 50 microg/L increased the expression of phospho-ERK and phospho-p38, and SB203580, but not PD98059, could suppress the chemotaxis effect and up-regulation of ICAM-1 induced by TNF-alpha in MSCs (p<0.05). Thus, TNF-alpha could up-regulate the expression of ICAM-1 in MSCs and enhance the cells' migration ability, and the p38 signaling pathway might be involved in the TNF-alpha-induced migration ability for a role in wound repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Fu
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Trauma Center of Postgraduate Medical College, Burn Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China.
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16
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Ueki S, Kihara J, Kato H, Ito W, Takeda M, Kobayashi Y, Kayaba H, Chihara J. Soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 induces human eosinophil migration. Allergy 2009; 64:718-24. [PMID: 19210349 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01871.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue eosinophilia is one of the hallmarks of allergic diseases and Th2-type immune responses including asthma. Adhesion molecules are known to play an important role in the accumulation of eosinophils in allergic inflammatory foci, and they contribute to eosinophil activation. Elevated levels of the soluble forms of adhesion molecules in the body fluid of asthmatic patients have been observed, although their pathophysiological significance remains to be fully elucidated. METHODS Peripheral blood eosinophils were purified, and the effect of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) on eosinophil migration was investigated using in vitro systems. RESULTS We found that sVCAM-1 (1 to 10 mug/ml) induced eosinophil chemotaxis, rather than chemokinesis, in a concentration-dependent fashion. In addition, sVCAM-1 induced cell shape change and actin polymerization, which are necessary for cell movement. Manipulations with very late antigen (VLA)-4-neutralizing antibody and signal inhibitors indicated that the sVCAM-1-induced chemotaxis was mediated through ligand-dependent activation of tyrosine kinase Src, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) MAPK. Rapid phosphorylation of these signaling molecules was observed using a bead-based multiplex assay. CONCLUSION Our results raise the possibility of sVCAM-1 in the fluid phase as a significant contributor to the heightened eosinophilic inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ueki
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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