1
|
Yu G, Mo S, Gao L, Wen X, Chen S, Long X, Xie X, Deng Y, Ren L, Zang N, Chen S, Liu E. Club cell 10-kDa protein (CC10) inhibits cPLA2/COX2 pathway to alleviate RSV-induced airway inflammation and AHR. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 83:106327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
2
|
Xu H, Sun Y, Zeng L, Li Y, Hu S, He S, Chen H, Zou Q, Luo B. Inhibition of cytosolic phospholipase A2 alpha increases chemosensitivity in cervical carcinoma through suppressing β-catenin signaling. Cancer Biol Ther 2019; 20:912-921. [PMID: 30829552 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2019.1579961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic phospholipase A2alpha (cPLA2α) is a key mediator of tumorigenesis. In this study, by using a combination of pharmacological and genetic approaches in cell models and patient samples, we identify cPLA2α as a selective target to increase chemosensitivity in cervical cancer. We found that transcript and protein levels of cPLA2α but not other forms of cPLA2 (e.g., cPLA2β and cPLA2αδ) were consistently increased in all tested malignant cervical cancer cells and tissues compared to normal counterparts, suggesting that cPLA2α upregulation is a common feature in cervical cancer. We further found that promoting growth and survival rather than invasion were the predominant roles of cPLA2α on cervical cancer. In addition, chemotherapeutic agents achieved ~100% inhibition efficacy in cPLA2α-depleted cervical cancer cells, demonstrating the important role of cPLA2α in chemoresistance. Importantly, we identify that β-catenin is critically involved in the molecular mechanism of cPLA2α's action in cervical cancer. In summary, our work demonstrates the multiple essential roles of cPLA2α in cervical cancer, particularly in chemoresistance, via a β-catenin-dependent manner. Our work also suggests that targeting cPLA2α has a therapeutic value in overcoming chemoresistance in cervical cancer or other cPLA2α-regulated cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Xu
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Huangjiahu Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine , Wuhan , China
| | - Yuan Sun
- b College of Pharmacy , Hubei University of Chinese Medicine , Wuhan , China
| | - Lan Zeng
- c Clinical College of Chinese Medicine , Hubei University of Chinese Medicine , Wuhan , China
| | - Ying Li
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Huangjiahu Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine , Wuhan , China
| | - Shan Hu
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Huangjiahu Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine , Wuhan , China
| | - Shuping He
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Huangjiahu Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine , Wuhan , China
| | - Haixia Chen
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Huangjiahu Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine , Wuhan , China
| | - Qing Zou
- d Department of Clinical Medicine, Huangshi Puren Hospital , Huangshi , China
| | - Baoping Luo
- e Department of Oncology , Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Wuhan , China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Prasher P, Mudila H, Sharma M, Khati B. Developmental perspectives of the drugs targeting enzyme-instigated inflammation: a mini review. Med Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02315-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
4
|
Murakami M, Yamamoto K, Taketomi Y. Phospholipase A 2 in skin biology: new insights from gene-manipulated mice and lipidomics. Inflamm Regen 2018; 38:31. [PMID: 30546811 PMCID: PMC6284315 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-018-0089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin represents one of the tissues that are most profoundly influenced by alterations in the quality of lipids (lipoquality). Lipids not only constitute cellular membranes, but also serve as bioactive lipid mediators and essential components of the skin barrier. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes supply fatty acids and lysophospholipids from membrane phospholipids, thereby variably affecting cutaneous homeostasis. Accordingly, perturbation of particular PLA2-driven lipid pathways can be linked to various forms of skin disease. In this review article, we highlight the roles of several PLA2 subtypes in cutaneous pathophysiology, as revealed by transgenic/knockout studies in combination with comprehensive lipidomics. We focus mainly on secreted PLA2 group IIF (sPLA2-IIF), which is associated with epidermal hyperplasia through mobilization of a unique lipid metabolite. We also address the distinct roles of sPLA2-IIE in hair follicles and sPLA2-IID in lymphoid immune cells that secondarily affect cutaneous inflammation, and provide some insights into species differences in sPLA2s. Additionally, we briefly overview the patatin-like phospholipase PNPLA1, which belongs to the Ca2+-independent PLA2 (iPLA2) family, as a key regulator of skin barrier function through catalysis of a unique non-PLA2 reaction. These knowledges on lipid metabolism driven by various PLA2 subtypes will open novel opportunities for translated studies toward diagnosis and therapy of human skin diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Murakami
- 1Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan.,2AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004 Japan
| | - Kei Yamamoto
- 3PRIME, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004 Japan.,4Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8513 Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Taketomi
- 1Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gowda R, Dinavahi SS, Iyer S, Banerjee S, Neves RI, Pameijer CR, Robertson. GP. Nanoliposomal delivery of cytosolic phospholipase A 2 inhibitor arachidonyl trimethyl ketone for melanoma treatment. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2018; 14:863-873. [PMID: 29317343 PMCID: PMC5899023 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance and toxicity are major limitations of cancer treatment and frequently occurs during melanoma therapy. Nanotechnology can decrease drug resistance by improving drug delivery, with limited toxicity. This study details the development of nanoparticles containing arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone (ATK), a cytosolic phospholipase A2 inhibitor, which can inhibit multiple key pathways responsible for the development of recurrent resistant disease. Free ATK is toxic, limiting its efficacy as a therapeutic agent. Hence, a novel nanoliposomal delivery system called NanoATK was developed, which loads 61.7% of the compound and was stable at 4oC for 12 weeks. The formulation decreased toxicity-enabling administration of higher doses, which was more effective at inhibiting melanoma cell growth compared to free-ATK. Mechanistically, NanoATK decreased cellular proliferation and triggered apoptosis to inhibit melanoma xenograft tumor growth without affecting animal weight. Functionally, it inhibited the cPLA2, AKT, and STAT3 pathways. Our results suggest the successful preclinical development of a unique nanoliposomal formulation containing ATK for the treatment of melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,The Penn State Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Saketh S. Dinavahi
- Department of Pharmacology The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Soumya Iyer
- Department of Pharmacology The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Shubhadeep Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacology The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Rogerio I. Neves
- Department of Pharmacology The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,Department of Dermatology and The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,Department of Surgery The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,The Penn State Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Colette R. Pameijer
- Department of Surgery The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,The Penn State Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Gavin P. Robertson.
- Department of Pharmacology The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,Department of Pathology The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,Department of Dermatology and The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,Department of Surgery The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,The Penn State Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Blockage of cytosolic phospholipase A2 alpha sensitizes aggressive breast cancer to doxorubicin through suppressing ERK and mTOR kinases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:153-158. [PMID: 29307829 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Advanced breast cancer is resistant to chemotherapy and its underlying mechanisms are not fully explored. In this work, we identified cytosolic phospholipase A2 alpha (cPLA2α) as a novel target to overcome chemoresistance in breast cancer. We demonstrated the increased transcriptional and translational expression of cPLA2α in breast cancer cells to acute and chronic exposure to doxorubicin. cPLA2α upregulation is also observed in breast cancer patients in response to chemotherapy. Inhibition of cPLA2α using two pharmacological inhibitors significantly enhances doxorubicin's effects to almost complete suppression in breast cancer cell growth, survival and migration. Similarly, depletion of cPLA2α significantly sensitizes breast cancer cells to doxorubicin treatment. We further found that cPLA2α inhibition led to decreased phosphorylation of ERK, mTOR, S6 and 4EBP1, suggesting the suppression of ERK and mTOR signaling pathways. These findings indicate the positive roles of cPLA2α in breast cancer cell growth, survival, migration and response to chemotherapy. Our work also highlights the therapeutic value of blocking cPLA2α to overcome chemoresistance in breast cancer.
Collapse
|
7
|
Hardman CS, Chen YL, Salimi M, Jarrett R, Johnson D, Järvinen VJ, Owens RJ, Repapi E, Cousins DJ, Barlow JL, McKenzie ANJ, Ogg G. CD1a presentation of endogenous antigens by group 2 innate lymphoid cells. Sci Immunol 2017; 2:eaan5918. [PMID: 29273672 PMCID: PMC5826589 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aan5918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) are effectors of barrier immunity, with roles in infection, wound healing, and allergy. A proportion of ILC2 express MHCII (major histocompatibility complex II) and are capable of presenting peptide antigens to T cells and amplifying the subsequent adaptive immune response. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of CD1a-reactive T cells in allergy and infection, activated by the presentation of endogenous neolipid antigens and bacterial components. Using a human skin challenge model, we unexpectedly show that human skin-derived ILC2 can express CD1a and are capable of presenting endogenous antigens to T cells. CD1a expression is up-regulated by TSLP (thymic stromal lymphopoietin) at levels observed in the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis, and the response is dependent on PLA2G4A. Furthermore, this pathway is used to sense Staphylococcus aureus by promoting Toll-like receptor-dependent CD1a-reactive T cell responses to endogenous ligands. These findings define a previously unrecognized role for ILC2 in lipid surveillance and identify shared pathways of CD1a- and PLA2G4A-dependent ILC2 inflammation amenable to therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clare S Hardman
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yi-Ling Chen
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maryam Salimi
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rachael Jarrett
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Johnson
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Valtteri J Järvinen
- Oxford Protein Production Facility-UK, Harwell and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Raymond J Owens
- Oxford Protein Production Facility-UK, Harwell and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emmanouela Repapi
- Computational Biology Research Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - David J Cousins
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Graham Ogg
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lee CH, Kim HK, Jeong JS, Lee YD, Jin ZW, Im SY, Lee HK. Mechanism of glutamine inhibition of cytosolic phospholipase a2 (cPLA2 ): Evidence of physical interaction between glutamine-Induced mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 and cPLA2. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 180:571-80. [PMID: 25599677 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-essential amino acid L-glutamine (Gln) possesses anti-inflammatory activity via deactivating cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2 ). We showed previously that Gln deactivated cPLA2 indirectly via dephosphorylating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), the major kinase for cPLA2 phosphorylation, through inducing MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1). In this study, we investigated the precise mechanism underlying Gln deactivation of cPLA2 . In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice, Gln injection resulted in dephosphorylation of phosphorylated cPLA2 (p-cPLA2 ), which coincided with rapid Gln induction of MKP-1. MKP-1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) abrogated the ability of Gln to induce MKP-1 as well as the dephosphorylation of cPLA2 . Co-immunoprecipitation and in-situ proximity ligation assay revealed a physical interaction between MKP-1 and p-cPLA2 . In a murine model of allergic asthma, we also demonstrated the physical interaction between MKP-1 and p-cPLA2 . Furthermore, Gln suppressed various allergic asthma phenotypes, such as neutrophil and eosinophil recruitments into the airway, airway levels of T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines [interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13], airway hyperresponsiveness, mucin production and metabolites (leukotriene B4 and platelet-activating factor) through inhibiting cPLA2 in a MKP-1-dependent manner. These data suggest that MKP-1 uses cPLA2 , in addition to p38, as a substrate, which further potentiates the anti-inflammatory action of Gln.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C-H Lee
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - H-K Kim
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - J-S Jeong
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Y-D Lee
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Z Wu Jin
- Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, YanJi City, China
| | - S-Y Im
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - H-K Lee
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Huang Y, Chen G, Liu X, Shao Y, Gao P, Xin C, Cui Z, Zhao X, Xu G. Serum metabolomics study and eicosanoid analysis of childhood atopic dermatitis based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:5715-23. [PMID: 25316199 DOI: 10.1021/pr5007069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common inflammatory skin disease in children. In the study, ultra high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to investigate serum metabolic abnormalities of AD children. Two batch fasting sera were collected from AD children and healthy control; one of them was for nontargeted metabolomics analysis, the other for targeted eicosanoids analysis. AD children were divided into high immunoglobulin E (IgE) group and normal IgE group. On the basis of the two analysis approaches, it was found that the differential metabolites of AD, leukotriene B4, prostaglandins, conjugated bile acids, etc., were associated with inflammatory response and bile acids metabolism. Carnitines, free fatty acids, lactic acid, etc., increased in the AD group with high IgE, which revealed energy metabolism disorder. Amino acid metabolic abnormalities and increased levels of Cytochrome P450 epoxygenase metabolites were found in the AD group with normal IgE. The results provided a new perspective to understand the mechanism and find potential biomarkers of AD and may provide a new reference for personalized treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Dalian Children's Hospital , Dalian 116011, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dan P, Rosenblat G, Yedgar S. Phospholipase A2 activities in skin physiology and pathology. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 691:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
11
|
A novel C(28)-hydroxylated lupeolic acid suppresses the biosynthesis of eicosanoids through inhibition of cytosolic phospholipase A2. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:681-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
12
|
Glutamine suppresses dinitrophenol fluorobenzene-induced allergic contact dermatitis and itching: Inhibition of contact dermatitis by glutamine. J Dermatol Sci 2012; 67:88-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2012.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
13
|
LEHR MATTHIAS. Inhibitors of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 α as Anti-inflammatory Drugs. ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUG DISCOVERY 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849735346-00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid derivatives, like prostaglandins and leukotrienes, as well as the alkyl-ether phospholipid platelet-activating factor (PAF) are highly active substances with diverse biological actions. Elevated levels of these lipid mediators in response to a variety of stimuli have been implicated in the pathology of many inflammatory diseases. The rate-limiting step in the generation of prostaglandins, leukotrienes and PAF, respectively, is the cleavage of the sn-2-ester of membrane phospholipids by a phospholipase A2 (PLA2). Among the superfamily of PLA2 enzymes, cytosolic PLA2α (cPLA2α, also referred to as group IVA PLA2) is thought to play the primary role in this biochemical reaction. Therefore, inhibition of cPLA2α activity is an attractive approach to the control of inflammatory disorders.
In this chapter the main groups of cPLA2α inhibitors are described and the problems associated with the development of clinical active drug candidates are discussed. Furthermore, in-vivo data obtained with such compounds in pre-clinical animal models of inflammation will be presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- MATTHIAS LEHR
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry University of Münster Hittorfstrasse 58–62, 48149 Münster Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Roebrock K, Wolf M, Bovens S, Lehr M, Sunderkötter C. Inhibition of benzalkonium chloride-induced skin inflammation in mice by an indol-1-ylpropan-2-one inhibitor of cytosolic phospholipase A2α. Br J Dermatol 2011; 166:306-16. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10637.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
15
|
Drews A, Bovens S, Roebrock K, Sunderkötter C, Reinhardt D, Schäfers M, van der Velde A, Schulze Elfringhoff A, Fabian J, Lehr M. 1-(5-Carboxyindol-1-yl)propan-2-one Inhibitors of Human Cytosolic Phospholipase A2α with Reduced Lipophilicity: Synthesis, Biological Activity, Metabolic Stability, Solubility, Bioavailability, And Topical in Vivo Activity. J Med Chem 2010; 53:5165-78. [DOI: 10.1021/jm1001088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Drews
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Hittorfstrasse 58-62, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stefanie Bovens
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Hittorfstrasse 58-62, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Kirsten Roebrock
- Institute of Immunology, Münster University Hospital, Röntgenstrasse 21, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Cord Sunderkötter
- Department of Dermatology, Münster University Hospital, Von-Esmarch-Strasse 58, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Reinhardt
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Mendelstrasse 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Schäfers
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Mendelstrasse 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Andrea van der Velde
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Hittorfstrasse 58-62, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alwine Schulze Elfringhoff
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Hittorfstrasse 58-62, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jörg Fabian
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Hittorfstrasse 58-62, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Lehr
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Hittorfstrasse 58-62, 48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yanagisawa R, Takano H, Inoue K, Koike E, Sadakane K, Ichinose T. Size Effects of Polystyrene Nanoparticles on Atopic Dermatitis-like Skin Lesions in NC/NGA Mice. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2010; 23:131-41. [DOI: 10.1177/039463201002300112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nano-sized particles are diffusing in the environment with the development of nanotechnology. Polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles are modified industrial products and pharmaceutical agents, however, adverse effects of PS nanoparticles remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the effects of PS nanoparticles with different sizes on the atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice assumed to show the skin barrier defect/dysfunction in the presence or absence of mite allergen. Male NC/Nga mice were injected intradermally with three different-sized PS nanoparticles (25, 50, or 100 nm) and/or mite allergen into their right ears. We evaluated clinical scores, ear thickening, histological findings and the local protein expression of inflammatory molecules in the ear and Ig production in serum. PS nanoparticles aggravated AD-like skin lesions related to mite allergen, which was paralleled by the local protein levels of interleukin-4, CCL2/monocyte chemotactic protein-1, CCL3/macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha, and CCL4/macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta. In contrast, PS nanoparticles decreased interferon-γ expression. Furthermore, exposure to PS nanoparticles induced ear swelling and CC-chemokine expression in the absence of allergen. These effects were greater with the smaller PS nanoparticles than with the larger ones regarding overall trend. These results suggest that exposure to PS nanoparticles under skin barrier defect/dysfunction can exacerbate AD-like skin lesions related to mite allergen in a size-dependent manner. The enhancing effects may be accounted for by T helper 2-biased immune responses. Furthermore, PS nanoparticles can evoke skin inflammation via the overexpression of CC-chemokines even in the absence of allergen in atopic subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - K. Sadakane
- Department of Health Sciences, Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Oita, Japan
| | - T. Ichinose
- Department of Health Sciences, Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Oita, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Magrioti V, Kokotos G. Phospholipase A2inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2009; 20:1-18. [DOI: 10.1517/13543770903463905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|