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Kumar G, Mishra R. De Novo Reporting of B Chromosomes with Their Bewildermentic Responses in Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. CYTOL GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452722020050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Harshita Dwivedi, Girjesh Kumar. Reporting of B-Chromosomes in Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague (Ajwain). CYTOL GENET+ 2019. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452719010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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3
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Site-specific transfer of chromosomal segments and genes in wheat engineered chromosomes. J Genet Genomics 2017; 44:531-539. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Yan X, Li C, Yang J, Wang L, Jiang C, Wei W. Induction of telomere-mediated chromosomal truncation and behavior of truncated chromosomes in Brassica napus. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 91:700-713. [PMID: 28500683 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Engineered minichromosomes could be stably inherited and serve as a platform for simultaneously transferring and stably expressing multiple genes. Chromosomal truncation mediated by repeats of telomeric sequences is a promising approach for the generation of minichromosomes. In the present work, direct repetitive sequences of Arabidopsis telomere were used to study telomere-mediated truncation of chromosomes in Brassica napus. Transgenes containing alien Arabidopsis telomere were successfully obtained, and Southern blotting and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results show that the transgenes resulted in successful chromosomal truncation in B. napus. In addition, truncated chromosomes were inherited at rates lower than that predicted by Mendelian rules. To determine the potential manipulations and applications of the engineered chromosomes, such as the stacking of multiple transgenes and the Cre/lox and FRT/FLP recombination systems, both amenable to genetic manipulations through site-specific recombination in somatic cells, were tested for their ability to undergo recombination in B. napus. These results demonstrate that alien Arabidopsis telomere is able to mediate chromosomal truncation in B. napus. This technology would be feasible for chromosomal engineering and for studies on chromosome structure and function in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Yan
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Chen Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology/Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding of Henan Province, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Chenghong Jiang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Wenhui Wei
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology/Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding of Henan Province, Xinxiang, 453003, China
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Doležel J, Vrána J, Cápal P, Kubaláková M, Burešová V, Šimková H. Advances in plant chromosome genomics. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:122-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Farré G, Blancquaert D, Capell T, Van Der Straeten D, Christou P, Zhu C. Engineering complex metabolic pathways in plants. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 65:187-223. [PMID: 24579989 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-050213-035825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic engineering can be used to modulate endogenous metabolic pathways in plants or introduce new metabolic capabilities in order to increase the production of a desirable compound or reduce the accumulation of an undesirable one. In practice, there are several major challenges that need to be overcome, such as gaining enough knowledge about the endogenous pathways to understand the best intervention points, identifying and sourcing the most suitable metabolic genes, expressing those genes in such a way as to produce a functional enzyme in a heterologous background, and, finally, achieving the accumulation of target compounds without harming the host plant. This article discusses the strategies that have been developed to engineer complex metabolic pathways in plants, focusing on recent technological developments that allow the most significant bottlenecks to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Farré
- Departament de Producció Vegetal i Ciència Forestal, Universitat de Lleida, Agrotecnio Center, 25198 Lleida, Spain;
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In vivo modification of a maize engineered minichromosome. Chromosoma 2013; 122:221-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s00412-013-0403-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Xu C, Cheng Z, Yu W. Construction of rice mini-chromosomes by telomere-mediated chromosomal truncation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 70:1070-1079. [PMID: 22268496 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2012.04916.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Telomere truncation has been shown to be an efficient technology for the creation of mini-chromosomes that can be used as artificial chromosome platforms for genetic engineering. Artificial chromosome-based genetic engineering is considered to be superior to the existing techniques of randomized gene integration by Agrobacterium or biolistic-mediated genetic transformation. It organizes multiple transgenes as a unique genetic linkage block for subsequent manipulations in breeding. Telomere truncation technology relies on three components: the telomere sequence that mediates chromosomal truncation, a selection marker that allows the selection of transgenic events, and a site-specific recombination system that can be used to accept future genes into the mini-chromosome by gene targeting. These elements are usually pre-assembled before transformation, a process that is both time and labor consuming. We found in this research that the three elements could be mixed to transform plant cells in a biolistic transformation, and produced efficient chromosomal truncations and mini-chromosomes in rice. This system will allow rapid construction of mini-chromosomes with a flexible selection of resistant markers, site-specific recombination systems and other desirable elements. In addition, a rice telotrisomic line was used as the starting material for chromosomal truncations. Mini-chromosomes from the truncations of both the telocentric chromosome and other chromosomes were recovered. The mini-chromosomes remained stable during 2 years of subculture. The construction of mini-chromosomes in rice, an economically important crop, will provide a platform for future artificial chromosome-based genetic engineering of rice for stacking multiple genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology and Agricultural Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
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Gaeta RT, Danilova TV, Zhao C, Masonbrink RE, McCaw ME, Birchler JA. Recovery of a telomere-truncated chromosome via a compensating translocation in maize. Genome 2011; 54:184-95. [PMID: 21423281 DOI: 10.1139/g10-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Maize-engineered minichromosomes are easily recovered from telomere-truncated B chromosomes but are rarely recovered from A chromosomes. B chromosomes lack known genes, and their truncation products are tolerated and transmitted during meiosis. In contrast, deficiency gametes resulting from truncated A chromosomes prevent their transmission. We report here a de novo compensating translocation that permitted recovery of a large truncation of chromosome 1 in maize. The truncation (trunc-1) and translocation with chromosome 6 (super-6) occurred during telomere-mediated truncation experiments and were characterized using single-gene fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) probes. The truncation contained a transgene signal near the end of the broken chromosome and transmitted together with the compensating translocation as a heterozygote to approximately 41%-55% of progeny. Transmission as an addition chromosome occurred in ~15% of progeny. Neither chromosome transmitted through pollen. Transgene expression (Bar) cosegregated with trunc-1 transcriptionally and phenotypically. Meiosis in T1 plants revealed eight bivalents and one tetravalent chain composed of chromosome 1, trunc-1, chromosome 6, and super-6 in diplotene and diakinesis. Our data suggest that de novo compensating translocations allow recovery of truncated A chromosomes by compensating deficiency in female gametes and by affecting chromosome pairing and segregation. The truncated chromosome can be maintained as an extra chromosome or together with the super-6 as a heterozygote.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Gaeta
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Peterhansel C. Best practice procedures for the establishment of a C(4) cycle in transgenic C(3) plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011; 62:3011-3019. [PMID: 21335437 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
C(4) plants established a mechanism for the concentration of CO(2) in the vicinity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in order to saturate the enzyme with substrate and substantially to reduce the alternative fixation of O(2) that results in energy losses. Transfer of the C(4) mechanism to C(3) plants has been repeatedly tested, but none of the approaches so far resulted in transgenic plants with enhanced photosynthesis or growth. Instead, often deleterious effects were observed. A true C(4) cycle requires the co-ordinated activity of multiple enzymes in different cell types and in response to diverse environmental and metabolic stimuli. This review summarizes our current knowledge about the most appropriate regulatory elements and coding sequences for the establishment of C(4) protein activities in C(3) plants. In addition, technological breakthroughs for the efficient transfer of the numerous genes probably required to transform a C(3) plant into a C(4) plant will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Peterhansel
- Institute of Botany, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhaeuser Straße 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany.
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Dhar MK, Kaul S, Kour J. Towards the development of better crops by genetic transformation using engineered plant chromosomes. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2011; 30:799-806. [PMID: 21249368 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-011-1001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Plant Biotechnology involves manipulation of genetic material to develop better crops. Keeping in view the challenges being faced by humanity in terms of shortage of food and other resources, we need to continuously upgrade the genomic technologies and fine tune the existing methods. For efficient genetic transformation, Agrobacterium-mediated as well as direct delivery methods have been used successfully. However, these methods suffer from many disadvantages especially in terms of transfer of large genes, gene complexes and gene silencing. To overcome these problems, recently, some efforts have been made to develop genetic transformation systems based on engineered plant chromosomes called minichromosomes or plant artificial chromosomes. Two approaches namely, "top-down" or "bottom-up" have been used for minichromosomes. The former involves engineering of the existing chromosomes within a cell and the latter de novo assembling of chromosomes from the basic constituents. While some success has been achieved using these chromosomes as vectors for genetic transformation in maize, however, more studies are needed to extend this technology to crop plants. The present review attempts to trace the genesis of minichromosomes and discusses their potential of development into plant artificial chromosome vectors. The use of these vectors in genetic transformation will greatly ameliorate the food problem and help to achieve the UN Millennium development goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Dhar
- Plant Genomics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Abstract
The advent of transgenic technologies has met many challenges, both technical and political; however, these technologies are now widely applied, particularly for crop improvement. Bioengineering has resulted in plants carrying resistance to herbicides, insects, and viruses, as well as entire biosynthetic pathways. Some of the technical challenges in generating transgenic plant or animal materials include: an inability to control the location and nature of the integration of transgenic DNA into the host genome, and linkage of transformed genes to selectable antibiotic resistance genes used in the production of the transgene cassette. Furthermore, successive transformation of multiple genes may require the use of several selection genes. The coordinated expression of multiple stacked genes would be required for complex biosynthetic pathways or combined traits. Engineered nonintegrating minichromosomes can overcome many of these problems and hold much promise as key players in the next generation of transgenic technologies for improved crop plants. In this review, we discuss the history of artificial chromosome technology with an emphasis on engineered plant minichromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Gaeta
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Abstract
B chromosomes are dispensable elements of the genome that do not recombine with the A chromosomes of the regular complement and that follow their own evolutionary pathway. Here, we survey current knowledge on the DNA/chromatin composition, origin, and drive mechanisms of B chromosomes and discuss the potential research applications of supernumerary chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Houben
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
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Holst-Jensen A. Testing for genetically modified organisms (GMOs): Past, present and future perspectives. Biotechnol Adv 2009; 27:1071-1082. [PMID: 19477261 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents an overview of GMO testing methodologies and how these have evolved and may evolve in the next decade. Challenges and limitations for the application of the test methods as well as to the interpretation of results produced with the methods are highlighted and discussed, bearing in mind the various interests and competences of the involved stakeholders. To better understand the suitability and limitations of detection methodologies the evolution of transformation processes for creation of GMOs is briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Holst-Jensen
- Department of Feed and Food Safety, National Veterinary Institute, Ullevaalsveien 68, P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, 0106 Oslo, Norway.
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