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Prakasam G, Mishra A, Christie A, Miyata J, Carrillo D, Tcheuyap VT, Ye H, Do QN, Wang Y, Reig Torras O, Butti R, Zhong H, Gagan J, Jones KB, Carroll TJ, Modrusan Z, Durinck S, Requena-Komuro MC, Williams NS, Pedrosa I, Wang T, Rakheja D, Kapur P, Brugarolas J. Comparative genomics incorporating translocation renal cell carcinoma mouse model reveals molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e170559. [PMID: 38386415 PMCID: PMC10977987 DOI: 10.1172/jci170559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Translocation renal cell carcinoma (tRCC) most commonly involves an ASPSCR1-TFE3 fusion, but molecular mechanisms remain elusive and animal models are lacking. Here, we show that human ASPSCR1-TFE3 driven by Pax8-Cre (a credentialed clear cell RCC driver) disrupted nephrogenesis and glomerular development, causing neonatal death, while the clear cell RCC failed driver, Sglt2-Cre, induced aggressive tRCC (as well as alveolar soft part sarcoma) with complete penetrance and short latency. However, in both contexts, ASPSCR1-TFE3 led to characteristic morphological cellular changes, loss of epithelial markers, and an epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Electron microscopy of tRCC tumors showed lysosome expansion, and functional studies revealed simultaneous activation of autophagy and mTORC1 pathways. Comparative genomic analyses encompassing an institutional human tRCC cohort (including a hitherto unreported SFPQ-TFEB fusion) and a variety of tumorgraft models (ASPSCR1-TFE3, PRCC-TFE3, SFPQ-TFE3, RBM10-TFE3, and MALAT1-TFEB) disclosed significant convergence in canonical pathways (cell cycle, lysosome, and mTORC1) and less established pathways such as Myc, E2F, and inflammation (IL-6/JAK/STAT3, interferon-γ, TLR signaling, systemic lupus, etc.). Therapeutic trials (adjusted for human drug exposures) showed antitumor activity of cabozantinib. Overall, this study provides insight into MiT/TFE-driven tumorigenesis, including the cell of origin, and characterizes diverse mouse models available for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopinath Prakasam
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Akhilesh Mishra
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Alana Christie
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Peter O’ Donnell Jr. School of Public Health
| | - Jeffrey Miyata
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Deyssy Carrillo
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Vanina T. Tcheuyap
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Hui Ye
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine
| | | | - Yunguan Wang
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Oscar Reig Torras
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Medical Oncology and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramesh Butti
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Hua Zhong
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey Gagan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kevin B. Jones
- Department of Orthopaedics and Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Thomas J. Carroll
- Department of Molecular Biology and Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Zora Modrusan
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics, Lipidomics and Next Generation Sequencing and
| | - Steffen Durinck
- Department of Oncology Bioinformatics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mai-Carmen Requena-Komuro
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine
| | | | - Ivan Pedrosa
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Radiology, and
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, and
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Peter O’ Donnell Jr. School of Public Health
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Dinesh Rakheja
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Payal Kapur
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - James Brugarolas
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine
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Yang S, Ting CY, Lilly MA. The GATOR2 complex maintains lysosomal-autophagic function by inhibiting the protein degradation of MiT/TFEs. Mol Cell 2024; 84:727-743.e8. [PMID: 38325378 PMCID: PMC10940221 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Lysosomes are central to metabolic homeostasis. The microphthalmia bHLH-LZ transcription factors (MiT/TFEs) family members MITF, TFEB, and TFE3 promote the transcription of lysosomal and autophagic genes and are often deregulated in cancer. Here, we show that the GATOR2 complex, an activator of the metabolic regulator TORC1, maintains lysosomal function by protecting MiT/TFEs from proteasomal degradation independent of TORC1, GATOR1, and the RAG GTPase. We determine that in GATOR2 knockout HeLa cells, members of the MiT/TFEs family are ubiquitylated by a trio of E3 ligases and are degraded, resulting in lysosome dysfunction. Additionally, we demonstrate that GATOR2 protects MiT/TFE proteins in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma, two cancers that are driven by MiT/TFE hyperactivation. In summary, we find that the GATOR2 complex has independent roles in TORC1 regulation and MiT/TFE protein protection and thus is central to coordinating cellular metabolism with control of the lysosomal-autophagic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yang
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chun-Yuan Ting
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mary A Lilly
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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3
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Lang M, Schmidt LS, Wilson KM, Ricketts CJ, Sourbier C, Vocke CD, Wei D, Crooks DR, Yang Y, Gibbs BK, Zhang X, Klumpp-Thomas C, Chen L, Guha R, Ferrer M, McKnight C, Itkin Z, Wangsa D, Wangsa D, James A, Difilippantonio S, Karim B, Morís F, Ried T, Merino MJ, Srinivasan R, Thomas CJ, Linehan WM. High-throughput and targeted drug screens identify pharmacological candidates against MiT-translocation renal cell carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:99. [PMID: 37095531 PMCID: PMC10127337 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02667-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MiT-Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is characterized by genomic translocations involving microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MiT) family members TFE3, TFEB, or MITF. MiT-RCC represents a specific subtype of sporadic RCC that is predominantly seen in young patients and can present with heterogeneous histological features making diagnosis challenging. Moreover, the disease biology of this aggressive cancer is poorly understood and there is no accepted standard of care therapy for patients with advanced disease. Tumor-derived cell lines have been established from human TFE3-RCC providing useful models for preclinical studies. METHODS TFE3-RCC tumor derived cell lines and their tissues of origin were characterized by IHC and gene expression analyses. An unbiased high-throughput drug screen was performed to identify novel therapeutic agents for treatment of MiT-RCC. Potential therapeutic candidates were validated in in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies. Mechanistic assays were conducted to confirm the on-target effects of drugs. RESULTS The results of a high-throughput small molecule drug screen utilizing three TFE3-RCC tumor-derived cell lines identified five classes of agents with potential pharmacological efficacy, including inhibitors of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), and several additional agents, including the transcription inhibitor Mithramycin A. Upregulation of the cell surface marker GPNMB, a specific MiT transcriptional target, was confirmed in TFE3-RCC and evaluated as a therapeutic target using the GPNMB-targeted antibody-drug conjugate CDX-011. In vitro and in vivo preclinical studies demonstrated efficacy of the PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BGT226, Mithramycin A, and CDX-011 as potential therapeutic options for treating advanced MiT-RCC as single agents or in combination. CONCLUSIONS The results of the high-throughput drug screen and validation studies in TFE3-RCC tumor-derived cell lines have provided in vitro and in vivo preclinical data supporting the efficacy of the PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BGT226, the transcription inhibitor Mithramycin A, and GPNMB-targeted antibody-drug conjugate CDX-011 as potential therapeutic options for treating advanced MiT-RCC. The findings presented here should provide the basis for designing future clinical trials for patients with MiT-driven RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lang
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, 39100, Italy
| | - Laura S Schmidt
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Kelli M Wilson
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher J Ricketts
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carole Sourbier
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cathy D Vocke
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Darmood Wei
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel R Crooks
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Youfeng Yang
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin K Gibbs
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiaohu Zhang
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carleen Klumpp-Thomas
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lu Chen
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rajarshi Guha
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marc Ferrer
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Crystal McKnight
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zina Itkin
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Darawalee Wangsa
- Genetics Branch, Cancer Genomics Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Danny Wangsa
- Genetics Branch, Cancer Genomics Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy James
- Laboratory of Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Simone Difilippantonio
- Laboratory of Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Baktir Karim
- Laboratory of Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Francisco Morís
- EntreChem SL, Vivero Ciencias de la Salud, Calle Colegio Santo Domingo Guzmán, Oviedo, AS, 33011, Spain
| | - Thomas Ried
- Genetics Branch, Cancer Genomics Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria J Merino
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ramaprasad Srinivasan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Craig J Thomas
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - W Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Chen Y, Yang L, Lu Y, Liu N, Ma W, Fan H, Hu Q, Han X, Gan W, Li D. Up-regulation of NMRK2 mediated by TFE3 fusions is the key for energy metabolism adaption of Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2022; 538:215689. [PMID: 35447281 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to the inadequate awareness of Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma (Xp11.2 tRCC), its metabolic features have not been described. Here, by using nontargeted LC-MS-based metabolomics, we found that the chimeric TFE3 protein, the major oncogenic driver in Xp11.2 tRCC, regulated the metabolic pathways in Xp11.2 tRCC, including glycerophospholipid metabolism, purine metabolism, amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism and energy metabolism. Combined with our present metabolomic data and previous studies, it was found that Xp11.2 tRCC preferred mitochondrial respiration, which was obviously different from renal clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Furthermore, by using bioinformatics and data mining, NMRK2, an important target for energy metabolism adaptation of Xp11.2 tRCC, was identified. Additionally, we confirmed that chimeric TFE3 could transcriptionally activate the expression of NMRK2, but the NONO-TFE3 fusion, which lacks the activation domain encoded by exons 4-5 of the TFE3 gene, functioned as a transcription factor by recruiting TFEB. When NMRK2 was knocked down, the mitochondrial respiration of Xp11.2 tRCC, rather than glycolysis, was significantly weakened. Therefore, the present study revealed the mechanism of the energy metabolism adaptation by which the TFE3 fusion promotes mitochondrial respiration by upregulating NMRK2 in Xp11.2 tRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Yanwen Lu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210001, China
| | - Wenliang Ma
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Hanqi Fan
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Qingquan Hu
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Weidong Gan
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China.
| | - Dongmei Li
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China.
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5
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Zhang M, Yin X, Chen J, Zhu S, Zheng L, Zeng H, Zhou Q, Chen N. A primary rectal neoplasm with novel DDX5-TFEB fusion. Virchows Arch 2022; 481:511-516. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-022-03316-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ge Y, Lin X, Zhang Q, Lin D, Luo L, Wang H, Li Z. Xp11.2 Translocation Renal Cell Carcinoma With TFE3 Rearrangement: Distinct Morphological Features and Prognosis With Different Fusion Partners. Front Oncol 2021; 11:784993. [PMID: 34917511 PMCID: PMC8668609 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.784993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion is a rare and new subtype of RCC and was classified by the WHO in 2004. Since then, multiple 5′ fusion partners for TFE3 have been reported; however, the impact of individual fusion variant on specific clinicopathologic features of Xp11.2 RCCs has not been well defined.MethodsFour Xp11.2 translocation RCCs were identified by morphological, immunostaining, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays from 200 patients who attended Guangdong General Hospital between January 2017 and January 2020. All these four cases were further analyzed by RNA sequencing to explore their TFE3 gene fusion partners. The clinicopathologic features, including clinical manifestations, pathological findings, treatment strategies, clinical outcomes, and follow-up information on Xp11.2 translocation RCCs, were recorded and evaluated.ResultsThese four cases affected one male and three females. The median age was 13 years at the time of diagnosis (range = 4–20 years). All the examined tumors were unilateral and unifocal. The largest diameter of these tumors ranged from 2.0 to 10.0 cm, and the average was 5.55 cm. Regional lymph node or distant metastasis developed in two patients. Three cases demonstrated known fusions: ASPCR1–TFE3 (two cases) and PRCC–TFE3 (one case). However, one case showed an unreported VCP–TFE3 fusion gene in Xp11.2 translocation RCCs. Immunohistochemistry results revealed tumor cells diffusely positive for TFE3, but have no consistency in other markers. Moreover, there were different clinical prognoses among the different variant TFE3 rearrangements; RCC patients with VCP–TFE3 translocation had worse prognosis compared to those with other fusion types. Follow-up were available for all the patients and ranged from 3 to 36 months. Three patients were without evidence of disease progression, while that with VCP–TFE3 fusion died of the disease 3 months after the diagnosis.ConclusionIn conclusion, our data expand the list of TFE3 gene fusion partners and the clinicopathologic features of Xp11.2 RCCs with specific TFE3 gene fusions. We identified a novel VCP–TFE3 fusion in Xp11.2 translocation RCCs for the first time, which has unique morphology and worse prognosis than those with other variant TFE3 rearrangements. Integration of morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular methods is often necessary for the precise diagnosis and optimal clinical management of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ge
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingtao Lin
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingling Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danyi Lin
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luqiao Luo
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Huiling Wang, ; Zhi Li,
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Huiling Wang, ; Zhi Li,
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Winkle M, El-Daly SM, Fabbri M, Calin GA. Noncoding RNA therapeutics - challenges and potential solutions. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 20:629-651. [PMID: 34145432 PMCID: PMC8212082 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00219-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 804] [Impact Index Per Article: 268.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic targeting of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), represents an attractive approach for the treatment of cancers, as well as many other diseases. Over the past decade, substantial effort has been made towards the clinical application of RNA-based therapeutics, employing mostly antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs, with several gaining FDA approval. However, trial results have so far been ambivalent, with some studies reporting potent effects whereas others demonstrated limited efficacy or toxicity. Alternative entities such as antimiRNAs are undergoing clinical testing, and lncRNA-based therapeutics are gaining interest. In this Perspective, we discuss key challenges facing ncRNA therapeutics - including issues associated with specificity, delivery and tolerability - and focus on promising emerging approaches that aim to boost their success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Winkle
- Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Texas State University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sherien M El-Daly
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Medical Research Division - Cancer Biology and Genetics Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences - National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Muller Fabbri
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - George A Calin
- Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Texas State University, Houston, TX, USA.
- The RNA Interference and Non-codingRNA Center, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Texas State University, Houston, TX, USA.
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8
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Vu HN, Dilshat R, Fock V, Steingrímsson E. User guide to MiT-TFE isoforms and post-translational modifications. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2020; 34:13-27. [PMID: 32846025 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is at the core of melanocyte and melanoma fate specification. The related factors TFEB and TFE3 have been shown to be instrumental for transcriptional regulation of genes involved in lysosome biogenesis and autophagy, cellular processes important for mediating nutrition signals and recycling of cellular materials, in many cell types. The MITF, TFEB, TFE3, and TFEC proteins are highly related. They share many structural and functional features and are targeted by the same signaling pathways. However, the existence of several isoforms of each factor and the increasing number of residues shown to be post-translationally modified by various signaling pathways poses a difficulty in indexing amino acid residues in different isoforms across the different proteins. Here, we provide a resource manual to cross-reference amino acids and post-translational modifications in all isoforms of the MiT-TFE family in humans, mice, and zebrafish and summarize the protein accession numbers for each isoform of these factors in the different genomic databases. This will facilitate future studies on the signaling pathways that regulate different isoforms of the MiT-TFE transcription factor family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Nhung Vu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Ramile Dilshat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Valerie Fock
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Eiríkur Steingrímsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
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Baba M, Furuya M, Motoshima T, Lang M, Funasaki S, Ma W, Sun HW, Hasumi H, Huang Y, Kato I, Kadomatsu T, Satou Y, Morris N, Karim BO, Ileva L, Kalen JD, Wilan Krisna LA, Hasumi Y, Sugiyama A, Kurahashi R, Nishimoto K, Oyama M, Nagashima Y, Kuroda N, Araki K, Eto M, Yao M, Kamba T, Suda T, Oike Y, Schmidt LS, Linehan WM. TFE3 Xp11.2 Translocation Renal Cell Carcinoma Mouse Model Reveals Novel Therapeutic Targets and Identifies GPNMB as a Diagnostic Marker for Human Disease. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1613-1626. [PMID: 31043488 PMCID: PMC6679785 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) associated with Xp11.2 translocation (TFE3-RCC) has been recently defined as a distinct subset of RCC classified by characteristic morphology and clinical presentation. The Xp11 translocations involve the TFE3 transcription factor and produce chimeric TFE3 proteins retaining the basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper structure for dimerization and DNA binding suggesting that chimeric TFE3 proteins function as oncogenic transcription factors. Diagnostic biomarkers and effective forms of therapy for advanced cases of TFE3-RCC are as yet unavailable. To facilitate the development of molecular based diagnostic tools and targeted therapies for this aggressive kidney cancer, we generated a translocation RCC mouse model, in which the PRCC-TFE3 transgene is expressed specifically in kidneys leading to the development of RCC with characteristic histology. Expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase Ret was elevated in the kidneys of the TFE3-RCC mice, and treatment with RET inhibitor, vandetanib, significantly suppressed RCC growth. Moreover, we found that Gpnmb (Glycoprotein nonmetastatic B) expression was notably elevated in the TFE3-RCC mouse kidneys as seen in human TFE3-RCC tumors, and confirmed that GPNMB is the direct transcriptional target of TFE3 fusions. While GPNMB IHC staining was positive in 9/9 cases of TFE3-RCC, Cathepsin K, a conventional marker for TFE3-RCC, was positive in only 67% of cases. These data support RET as a potential target and GPNMB as a diagnostic marker for TFE3-RCC. The TFE3-RCC mouse provides a preclinical in vivo model for the development of new biomarkers and targeted therapeutics for patients affected with this aggressive form of RCC. IMPLICATIONS: Key findings from studies with this preclinical mouse model of TFE3-RCC underscore the potential for RET as a therapeutic target for treatment of patients with TFE3-RCC, and suggest that GPNMB may serve as diagnostic biomarker for TFE3 fusion RCC.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cell Proliferation
- Child
- Chromosomes, Human, X
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Kidney Neoplasms/genetics
- Kidney Neoplasms/metabolism
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion
- Prognosis
- Survival Rate
- Translocation, Genetic
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Baba
- Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mitsuko Furuya
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Martin Lang
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shintaro Funasaki
- Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Wenjuan Ma
- Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hong-Wei Sun
- Biodata Mining and Discovery Section, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hisashi Hasumi
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ying Huang
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ikuma Kato
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Yorifumi Satou
- Laboratory of Retroviral Genomics and Transcriptomics, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Nicole Morris
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Baktiar O Karim
- Pathology/Histotechnology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Lilia Ileva
- Small Animal Imaging Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Joseph D Kalen
- Small Animal Imaging Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Luh Ade Wilan Krisna
- Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hasumi
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Aiko Sugiyama
- DSK Project, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryoma Kurahashi
- Department of Urology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Koshiro Nishimoto
- Department of Uro-Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masafumi Oyama
- Department of Uro-Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoji Nagashima
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Kuroda
- Department of Pathology, Kochi Red Cross Hospital, Kochi, Japan
| | - Kimi Araki
- Division of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Eto
- Department of Urology, Kyushyu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yao
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kamba
- Department of Urology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Toshio Suda
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore
| | - Yuichi Oike
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Laura S Schmidt
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - W Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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10
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Perera RM, Di Malta C, Ballabio A. MiT/TFE Family of Transcription Factors, Lysosomes, and Cancer. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY 2019; 3:203-222. [PMID: 31650096 PMCID: PMC6812561 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030518-055835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells have an increased demand for energy sources to support accelerated rates of growth. When nutrients become limiting, cancer cells may switch to nonconventional energy sources that are mobilized through nutrient scavenging pathways involving autophagy and the lysosome. Thus, several cancers are highly reliant on constitutive activation of these pathways to degrade and recycle cellular materials. Here, we focus on the MiT/TFE family of transcription factors, which control transcriptional programs for autophagy and lysosome biogenesis and have emerged as regulators of energy metabolism in cancer. These new findings complement earlier reports that chromosomal translocations and amplifications involving the MiT/TFE genes contribute to the etiology and pathophysiology of renal cell carcinoma, melanoma, and sarcoma, suggesting pleiotropic roles for these factors in a wider array of cancers. Understanding the interplay between the oncogenic and stress-adaptive roles of MiT/TFE factors could shed light on fundamental mechanisms of cellular homeostasis and point to new strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushika M Perera
- Department of Anatomy and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Chiara Di Malta
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, 80138Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, 80138Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and Neurological Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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11
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Mendel L, Ambrosetti D, Bodokh Y, Ngo-Mai M, Durand M, Simbsler-Michel C, Delhorbe M, Amiel J, Pedeutour F. Comprehensive study of three novel cases of TFEB
-amplified renal cell carcinoma and review of the literature: Evidence for a specific entity with poor outcome. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2017; 57:99-113. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Mendel
- Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics; Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081; Nice France
- Department of Urology; Nice University Hospital affiliated to University of Nice Côte d'Azur; Nice France
| | - Damien Ambrosetti
- Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics; Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081; Nice France
- Central Laboratory of Pathology; Nice University Hospital affiliated to University of Nice Côte d'Azur; Nice France
| | - Yohan Bodokh
- Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics; Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081; Nice France
- Department of Urology; Nice University Hospital affiliated to University of Nice Côte d'Azur; Nice France
| | - Mélanie Ngo-Mai
- Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics; Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081; Nice France
- Central Laboratory of Pathology; Nice University Hospital affiliated to University of Nice Côte d'Azur; Nice France
| | - Matthieu Durand
- Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics; Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081; Nice France
- Department of Urology; Nice University Hospital affiliated to University of Nice Côte d'Azur; Nice France
| | | | - Mickael Delhorbe
- Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics; Nice University Hospital affiliated to University of Nice Côte d'Azur; Nice France
| | - Jean Amiel
- Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics; Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081; Nice France
- Department of Urology; Nice University Hospital affiliated to University of Nice Côte d'Azur; Nice France
| | - Florence Pedeutour
- Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics; Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081; Nice France
- Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics; Nice University Hospital affiliated to University of Nice Côte d'Azur; Nice France
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12
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Xiong L, Chen X, Liu N, Wang Z, Miao B, Gan W, Li D, Guo H. PRCC-TFE3 dual-fusion FISH assay: A new method for identifying PRCC-TFE3 renal cell carcinoma in paraffin-embedded tissue. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185337. [PMID: 28949976 PMCID: PMC5614571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PRCC-TFE3 renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common types of Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma (tRCC), of which the diagnosis mainly relies on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or chromosomal analysis in fresh frozen samples. Herein, we developed a new dual-fusion fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probe to succinctly identify PRCC-TFE3 RCC in paraffin-embedded tissue. We immunohistochemically analyzed TFE3 and cathepsin K expression in 23 cases of Xp11.2 tRCC which had been confirmed by break-apart TFE3 FISH probe. Next, the dual-fusion FISH assay was performed on these selected cases. Twenty typical cases of clear renal cell carcinoma and 20 cases of papillary renal cell carcinoma were collected as control groups. Seven cases were finally confirmed as PRCC-TFE3 RCC by FISH detection, emerging dual-fusion signals, of which 2 cases were identified as PRCC-TFE3 RCC by RT-PCR previously. All remaining cases were negative for the PRCC-TFE3 rearrangement by FISH. The TFE3 immunohistochemistry was positive in 22/23 cases and the cathepsin K was positive in 16/23 cases. All 7 PRCC-TFE3 RCCs showed positive cathepsin K immunoreactivity. Our results reveal that PRCC-TFE3 dual-fusion FISH probe is an efficient and concise technique for diagnosing PRCC-TFE3 RCC in paraffin-embedded tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xiong
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiancheng Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baolei Miao
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weidong Gan
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: , (WG); (DL)
| | - Dongmei Li
- Immunology and Reproductive Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: , (WG); (DL)
| | - Hongqian Guo
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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13
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Papillary renal cell carcinoma: A review of the current therapeutic landscape. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 96:100-12. [PMID: 26052049 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common cancer of the kidney and accounts for 2-3% of all adult malignancies. Clear cell carcinoma represents the most common histologic subtype, while papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma (pRCC) accounts for 10-20% of all renal cell cancers. While the inactivation of VHL gene can be found in the majority of clear cell carcinomas, different molecular mechanisms are involved into pRCC biology. Mutations in the MET oncogene are an essential step into the pathogenesis of hereditary pRCC forms, but they can be found only in a small rate of sporadic cases. Several agents, including anti-VEGF drugs and mTOR inhibitors, are possible options in the treatment of advanced and metastatic pRCC, following the demonstration of efficacy obtained in clinical trials including all RCC histologic subtypes. However, data specifically obtained in the subgroup of patients affected by pRCC are limited and not conclusive. Several ongoing trials are evaluating the efficacy of targeted therapy in papillary form. However, more rationale approaches based on molecular studies would help improving the outcome of these patients. Among others, MET inhibitors and targeted immunotherapy are promising new strategies for hereditary and sporadic disease. This review summarizes current knowledge on pRCC tumorigenesis and discusses recent and ongoing clinical trials with new therapeutic agents.
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14
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Kauffman EC, Ricketts CJ, Rais-Bahrami S, Yang Y, Merino MJ, Bottaro DP, Srinivasan R, Linehan WM. Molecular genetics and cellular features of TFE3 and TFEB fusion kidney cancers. Nat Rev Urol 2014; 11:465-75. [PMID: 25048860 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2014.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite nearly two decades passing since the discovery of gene fusions involving TFE3 or TFEB in sporadic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the molecular mechanisms underlying the renal-specific tumorigenesis of these genes remain largely unclear. The recently published findings of The Cancer Genome Atlas Network reported that five of the 416 surveyed clear cell RCC tumours (1.2%) harboured SFPQ-TFE3 fusions, providing further evidence for the importance of gene fusions. A total of five TFE3 gene fusions (PRCC-TFE3, ASPSCR1-TFE3, SFPQ-TFE3, NONO-TFE3, and CLTC-TFE3) and one TFEB gene fusion (MALAT1-TFEB) have been identified in RCC tumours and characterized at the mRNA transcript level. A multitude of molecular pathways well-described in carcinogenesis are regulated in part by TFE3 or TFEB proteins, including activation of TGFβ and ETS transcription factors, E-cadherin expression, CD40L-dependent lymphocyte activation, mTORC1 signalling, insulin-dependent metabolism regulation, folliculin signalling, and retinoblastoma-dependent cell cycle arrest. Determining which pathways are most important to RCC oncogenesis will be critical in discovering the most promising therapeutic targets for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C Kauffman
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, CRC Room 1-5940, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christopher J Ricketts
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, CRC Room 1-5940, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Soroush Rais-Bahrami
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, CRC Room 1-5940, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Youfeng Yang
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, CRC Room 1-5940, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maria J Merino
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, CRC Room 1-5940, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Donald P Bottaro
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, CRC Room 1-5940, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ramaprasad Srinivasan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, CRC Room 1-5940, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - W Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, CRC Room 1-5940, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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15
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Clinical heterogeneity of Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma: impact of fusion subtype, age, and stage. Mod Pathol 2014; 27:875-86. [PMID: 24309327 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2013.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinomas harbor chromosome translocations involving the Xp11 breakpoint, resulting in gene fusions involving the TFE3 gene. The most common subtypes are the ASPSCR1-TFE3 renal cell carcinomas resulting from t(X;17)(p11;q25) translocation, and the PRCC-TFE3 renal cell carcinomas, resulting from t(X;1)(p11;q21) translocation. A formal clinical comparison of these two subtypes of Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinomas has not been performed. We report one new genetically confirmed Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma of each type. We also reviewed the literature for all published cases of ASPSCR1-TFE3 and PRCC-TFE3 renal cell carcinomas and contacted all corresponding authors to obtain or update the published follow-up information. Study of two new, unpublished cases, and review of the literature revealed that 8/8 patients who presented with distant metastasis had ASPSCR1-TFE3 renal cell carcinomas, and all but one of these patients either died of disease or had progressive disease. Regional lymph nodes were involved by metastasis in 24 of the 32 ASPSCR1-TFE3 cases in which nodes were resected, compared with 5 of 14 PRCC-TFE3 cases (P=0.02).; however, 11 of 13 evaluable patients with ASPSCR1-TFE3 renal cell carcinomas who presented with N1M0 disease remained disease free. Two PRCC-TFE3 renal cell carcinomas recurred late (at 20 and 30 years, respectively). In multivariate analysis, only older age or advanced stage at presentation (not fusion subtype) predicted death. In conclusion, ASPSCR1-TFE3 renal cell carcinomas are more likely to present at advanced stage (particularly node-positive disease) than are PRCC-TFE3 renal cell carcinomas. Although systemic metastases portend a grim prognosis, regional lymph node involvement does not, at least in short-term follow-up. The tendency for PRCC-TFE3 renal cell carcinomas to recur late warrants long-term follow-up.
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16
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Molecular cytogenetic analysis for TFE3 rearrangement in Xp11.2 renal cell carcinoma and alveolar soft part sarcoma: validation and clinical experience with 75 cases. Mod Pathol 2014; 27:113-27. [PMID: 23828314 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2013.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma with TFE3 rearrangement at Xp11.2 is a distinct subtype manifesting an indolent clinical course in children, with recent reports suggesting a more aggressive entity in adults. This subtype is morphologically heterogeneous and can be misclassified as clear cell or papillary renal cell carcinoma. TFE3 is also rearranged in alveolar soft part sarcoma. To aid in diagnosis, a break-apart strategy fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probe set specific for TFE3 rearrangement and a reflex dual-color, single-fusion strategy probe set involving the most common TFE3 partner gene, ASPSCR1, were validated on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from nine alveolar soft part sarcoma, two suspected Xp11.2 renal cell carcinoma, and nine tumors in the differential diagnosis. The impact of tissue cut artifact was reduced through inclusion of a chromosome X centromere control probe. Analysis of the UOK-109 renal carcinoma cell line confirmed the break-apart TFE3 probe set can distinguish the subtle TFE3/NONO fusion-associated inversion of chromosome X. Subsequent extensive clinical experience was gained through analysis of 75 cases with an indication of Xp11.2 renal cell carcinoma (n=54), alveolar soft part sarcoma (n=13), perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasms (n=2), chordoma (n=1), or unspecified (n=5). We observed balanced and unbalanced chromosome X;17 translocations in both Xp11.2 renal cell carcinoma and alveolar soft part sarcoma, supporting a preference but not a necessity for the translocation to be balanced in the carcinoma and unbalanced in the sarcoma. We further demonstrate the unbalanced separation is atypical, with TFE3/ASPSCR1 fusion and loss of the derivative X chromosome but also an unanticipated normal X chromosome gain in both males and females. Other diverse sex chromosome copy number combinations were observed. Our TFE3 FISH assay is a useful adjunct to morphologic analysis of such challenging cases and will be applicable to assess the growing spectrum of TFE3-rearranged tumors.
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Abstract
Kidney cancer is not a single disease; it is made up of a number of different types of cancer that occur in the kidney. Each of these different types of kidney cancer can have a different histology, have a different clinical course, can respond differently to therapy and is caused by a different gene. Kidney cancer is essentially a metabolic disease; each of the known genes for kidney cancer, VHL, MET, FLCN, TSC1, TSC2, TFE3, TFEB, MITF, fumarate hydratase (FH), succinate dehydrogenase B (SDHB), succinate dehydrogenase D (SDHD), and PTEN genes is involved in the cells ability to sense oxygen, iron, nutrients or energy. Understanding the metabolic basis of kidney cancer will hopefully provide the foundation for the development of effective forms of therapy for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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18
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Abstract
Translocation renal cell carcinoma is a newly recognized subtype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with chromosomal translocations involving TFE3 (Xp11.2) or, less frequently, TFEB (6p21). Xp11 translocation RCC was originally described as a pediatric neoplasm representing 20% to 40% of pediatric RCCs, with a much lower frequency in the adult population. TFEB translocation RCC is very rare, with approximately 10 cases reported in the literature. Here, we describe the clinicopathologic features of adult translocation RCC from a single institution. Using tissue microarray, immunohistochemistry, cytogenetic examination, and fluorescence in situ hybridization, we identified 6 (∼5%) cases of TFE3 translocation RCC and 1 (<1%) case of TFEB translocation RCC in 121 consecutive adult RCC cases between 2001 and 2009. Our results suggest that weak TFE3 staining of a significant proportion of RCC cases may be because of expression of the full-length TFE3 protein rather than the chimeric fusion protein resulting from chromosomal translocation.
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19
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Kim SH, Choi Y, Jeong HY, Lee K, Chae JY, Moon KC. Usefulness of a break-apart FISH assay in the diagnosis of Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma. Virchows Arch 2011; 459:299-306. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-011-1127-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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20
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Lim DL, Ko R, Pautler SE. Current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of kidney cancer: a primer for urologists. Can Urol Assoc J 2011; 1:S13-20. [PMID: 18542780 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the fifth leading malignant condition for men and tenth for women, accounts for 3% of all malignancies in Canada. It is a heterogeneous epithelial malignancy with different subtypes and varied tumour biology. Although most cases of RCC are sporadic, up to 4% of patients have an inherited predisposition for the disease. In this article, we review the current molecular genetics of the different subtypes in hereditary and sporadic RCC. Significant developments in understanding the underlying genetic basis of RCC over the last 2 decades are attributed to intensive research about rare inherited renal cancer syndromes and the identification of the genes responsible for them. Many of these genes are also found in sporadic RCC. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of RCC has aided the development of molecular-targeted drugs for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darwin L Lim
- Divisions of Urology and Surgical Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
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21
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Dual-color, break-apart FISH assay on paraffin-embedded tissues as an adjunct to diagnosis of Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma and alveolar soft part sarcoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2010; 34:757-66. [PMID: 20421778 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0b013e3181dd577e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Both Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) are characterized by various translocations disrupting chromosome Xp11.2, which result in gene fusions involving the TFE3 transcription factor gene. Diagnostic tools to detect translocations involving the TFE3 gene on chromosome X would be valuable in the evaluation of these tumors. We developed a dual-color, break-apart fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay to identify the chromosomal break point in paraffin-embedded tissue. This assay was validated using 4 cases of Xp11.2 RCC [proven by karyotype and/or reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)], 2 cases of ASPS (proven by karyotype or RT-PCR), the UOK109 cell line carrying the inv(X) (p11;q12), and several negative controls (both neoplastic and non-neoplastic). This break-apart FISH assay is a relatively quick procedure for detecting Xp11.2 RCC and ASPS translocations and can be applied to archival paraffin-embedded tissue.
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Yang Y, Valera VA, Padilla-Nash HM, Sourbier C, Vocke CD, Vira MA, Abu-Asab MS, Bratslavsky G, Tsokos M, Merino MJ, Pinto PA, Srinivasan R, Ried T, Neckers L, Linehan WM. UOK 262 cell line, fumarate hydratase deficient (FH-/FH-) hereditary leiomyomatosis renal cell carcinoma: in vitro and in vivo model of an aberrant energy metabolic pathway in human cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 196:45-55. [PMID: 19963135 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2009.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Energy deregulation and abnormalities of tumor cell metabolism are critical issues in understanding cancer. Hereditary leiomyomatosis renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) is an aggressive form of RCC characterized by germline mutation of the Krebs cycle enzyme fumarate hydratase (FH), and one known to be highly metastatic and unusually lethal. There is considerable utility in establishing preclinical cell and xenograft models for study of disorders of energy metabolism, as well as in development of new therapeutic approaches targeting of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzyme-deficient human cancers. Here we describe a new immortalized cell line, UOK 262, derived from a patient having aggressive HLRCC-associated recurring kidney cancer. We investigated gene expression, chromosome profiles, efflux bioenergetic analysis, mitochondrial ultrastructure, FH catabolic activity, invasiveness, and optimal glucose requirements for in vitro growth. UOK 262 cells have an isochromosome 1q recurring chromosome abnormality, i(1)(q10), and exhibit compromised oxidative phosphorylation and in vitro dependence on anaerobic glycolysis consistent with the clinical manifestation of HLRCC. The cells also display glucose-dependent growth, an elevated rate of lactate efflux, and overexpression of the glucose transporter GLUT1 and of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA). Mutant FH protein was present primarily in edematous mitochondria, but with catalytic activity nearly undetectable. UOK 262 xenografts retain the characteristics of HLRCC histopathology. Our findings indicate that the severe compromise of oxidative phosphorylation and rapid glycolytic flux in UOK 262 are an essential feature of this TCA cycle enzyme-deficient form of kidney cancer. This tumor model is the embodiment of the Warburg effect. UOK 262 provides a unique in vitro and in vivo preclinical model for studying the bioenergetics of the Warburg effect in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youfeng Yang
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr., MSC 1107, Bldg 10 CRC, Room 1-5942, Bethesda, MD 20892-1107
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23
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Chad Brenner J, Chinnaiyan AM. Translocations in epithelial cancers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2009; 1796:201-15. [PMID: 19406209 PMCID: PMC2752494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2009.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2009] [Accepted: 04/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Genomic translocations leading to the expression of chimeric transcripts characterize several hematologic, mesenchymal and epithelial malignancies. While several gene fusions have been linked to essential molecular events in hematologic malignancies, the identification and characterization of recurrent chimeric transcripts in epithelial cancers has been limited. However, the recent discovery of the recurrent gene fusions in prostate cancer has sparked a revitalization of the quest to identify novel rearrangements in epithelial malignancies. Here, the molecular mechanisms of gene fusions that drive several epithelial cancers and the recent technological advances that increase the speed and reliability of recurrent gene fusion discovery are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Chad Brenner
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan 1400 E. Medical Center Drive, 5316 CCGC, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan 1400 E. Medical Center Drive, 5316 CCGC, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Arul M. Chinnaiyan
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan 1400 E. Medical Center Drive, 5316 CCGC, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan 1400 E. Medical Center Drive, 5316 CCGC, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan 1400 E. Medical Center Drive, 5316 CCGC, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan 1400 E. Medical Center Drive, 5316 CCGC, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan 1400 E. Medical Center Drive, 5316 CCGC, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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24
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Sun Y, Wu J, Wu SH, Thakur A, Bollig A, Huang Y, Liao DJ. Expression profile of microRNAs in c-Myc induced mouse mammary tumors. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2008; 118:185-96. [PMID: 18777135 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-008-0171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2008] [Accepted: 08/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
c-Myc is a transcription factor overexpression of which induces mammary cancer in transgenic mice. To explore whether certain microRNAs (mirRNA) mediate c-Myc induced mammary carcinogenesis, we studied mirRNA expression profile in mammary tumors developed from MMTV-c-myc transgenic mice, and found 50 and 59 mirRNAs showing increased and decreased expression, respectively, compared with lactating mammary glands of wild type mice. Twenty-four of these mirRNAs could be grouped into eight clusters because they had the same chromosomal localizations and might be processed from the same primary RNA transcripts. The increased expression of mir-20a, mir-20b, and mir-9 as well as decreased expression of mir-222 were verified by RT-PCR, real-time RT-PCR, and cDNA sequencing. Moreover, we fortuitously identified a novel non-coding RNA, the level of which was decreased in proliferating mammary glands of MMTV-c-myc mice was further decreased to undetectable level in the mammary tumors. Sequencing of this novel RNA revealed that it was transcribed from a region of mouse chromosome 19 that harbored the metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript-1 (Malat-1), a non-protein-coding gene. These results suggest that certain mirRNAs and the chromosome 19 derived non-coding RNAs may mediate c-myc induced mammary carcinogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Transformation, Viral/genetics
- Chromosome Mapping
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, myc
- Lactation/genetics
- Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- MicroRNAs/biosynthesis
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Sun
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
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25
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Overexpression of cyclin D1, D3, and p21 in an infantile renal carcinoma with Xp11.2 TFE3-gene fusion. Pathol Res Pract 2008; 204:589-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2008.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2007] [Revised: 11/29/2007] [Accepted: 01/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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26
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Renal translocation carcinomas: clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and gene expression profiling analysis of 31 cases with a review of the literature. Am J Surg Pathol 2008; 32:656-70. [PMID: 18344867 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0b013e3181609914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We report clinicopathologic features of a large series of renal translocation carcinomas from a multicentric study. Diagnosis was performed by cytogenetic examination of fresh material and/or by immunochemistry with antibodies directed against the C-terminal part of transcription factor E3 (TFE3) and native transcription factor EB (TFEB) proteins. Clinical data, follow-up, and histologic features were assessed. Antibodies against CK7, CD10, vimentin, epithelial membrane antigen, AE1-AE3, E-cadherin, alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase, melan A, and HMB45 were tested on tissue microarrays. Whole-genome microarray expression profiling was performed on 4 tumors. Twenty-nine cases were diagnosed as TFE3 and 2 as TFEB renal translocation carcinomas, including 13 males and 18 females, mean age 24.6 years. Two patients had a previous history of chemotherapy and 1 had a history of renal failure. Mean size of the tumor was 6.9 cm. Thirteen cases were > or = pT3 stage. Twelve cases were N+ or M+. Mean follow-up was 29.5 months. Three patients presented metastases and 5 have died. Mixed papillary and nested patterns with clear and/or eosinophilic cells represented the most consistent histologic appearance, with common foci of calcifications regardless of the type of translocation. Using a 30 mn incubation at room temperature, TFE3 immunostainings were positive in only 82% of our TFE3 translocation carcinomas. Both TFE3 and TFEB renal translocation carcinomas expressed CD10 and alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase in all cases. An expression of E-cadherin was observed in two-third of cases. Cytokeratins were expressed in less than one-third of cases. Melanocytic markers were expressed at least weakly in all cases except two. Unsupervised clustering on the basis of the gene expression profiling indicated a distinct subgroup of tumors. TRIM 63 glutathione S-transferase A1 and alanyl aminopeptidase are the main differentially expressed genes for this group of tumors. Our results suggest that these differentially expressed genes may serve as novel diagnostic or prognostic markers.
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27
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Medendorp K, van Groningen JJM, Schepens M, Vreede L, Thijssen J, Schoenmakers EFPM, van den Hurk WH, Geurts van Kessel A, Kuiper RP. Molecular mechanisms underlying the MiT translocation subgroup of renal cell carcinomas. Cytogenet Genome Res 2007; 118:157-65. [PMID: 18000366 DOI: 10.1159/000108296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2006] [Accepted: 01/04/2007] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) represent a heterogeneous group of neoplasms, which differ in histological, pathologic and clinical characteristics. The tumors originate from different locations within the nephron and are accompanied by different recurrent (cyto)genetic anomalies. Recently, a novel subgroup of RCCs has been defined, i.e., the MiT translocation subgroup of RCCs. These tumors originate from the proximal tubule of the nephron, exhibit pleomorphic histological features including clear cell morphologies and papillary structures, and are found predominantly in children and young adults. In addition, these tumors are characterized by the occurrence of recurrent chromosomal translocations, which result in disruption and fusion of either the TFE3 or TFEB genes, both members of the MiT family of basic helix-loop-helix/leucine-zipper transcription factor genes. Hence the name MiT translocation subgroup of RCCs. In this review several features of this RCC subgroup will be discussed, including the molecular mechanisms that may underlie their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Medendorp
- Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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28
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Altinok G, Kattar MM, Mohamed A, Poulik J, Grignon D, Rabah R. Pediatric renal carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocations/TFE3 gene fusions and clinicopathologic associations. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2005; 8:168-80. [PMID: 15747097 DOI: 10.1007/s10024-004-9106-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2004] [Accepted: 12/15/2004] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) are rare in children and studies of their subtypes and clinicopathologic associations are limited to small series. We identified 8 patients with RCC treated at our institution between 1981 and 2003, reviewed their clinicopathologic features, cytogenetics findings, and evaluated the status of TFE3 expression by immunohistochemistry and numerical chromosomal alterations by interphase fluorescent in situ hybridization on paraffin-embedded tissue. These 8 patients (5 female and 3 male) had diploidy, and 5 had morphologic features compatible with the recently described RCC associated with Xp11.2 translocations/TFE3 gene fusions and demonstrated nuclear labeling for TFE3 protein by immunohistochemistry. The translocation was confirmed in 2 of these 5 patients by conventional cytogenetics. One case was a high-grade nonpapillary RCC and the other was compatible with type 2 papillary RCC. Four patients showed at least 1 chromosomal gain including trisomy 7 and/or trisomy 17. None of the tumors from male patients showed evidence of loss of the Y chromosome, but 2 patients showed numerical abnormalities of X chromosome +add(X). Two patients had sickle cell disease, and 1 of these also had stage IV-S neuroblastoma. This study suggests that many cases of RCC in children reported under the terms "papillary" and "clear cell" likely represent Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion-associated RCC. It also emphasizes the unusual associations of RCC with neuroblastoma and sickle cell hemoglobinopathy, which need further study.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Anemia, Sickle Cell/complications
- Anemia, Sickle Cell/genetics
- Anemia, Sickle Cell/pathology
- Artificial Gene Fusion
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/therapy
- Cell Nucleus/genetics
- Cell Nucleus/pathology
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosome Painting
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11
- Chromosomes, Human, X
- Combined Modality Therapy
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Infant
- Karyotyping
- Kidney Neoplasms/genetics
- Kidney Neoplasms/metabolism
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Kidney Neoplasms/therapy
- Male
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary
- Ploidies
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Translocation, Genetic
- Treatment Outcome
- Wilms Tumor/genetics
- Wilms Tumor/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- G Altinok
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Michigan and Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- W Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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30
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Abstract
Recent developments in (molecular genetics have led to a better understanding of renal tumor biology. The current knowledge of the genetics of benign as well as malignant renal tumors is discussed briefly. This knowledge may, in the near future, be used to more accurately diagnose these tumors and also to optimalize individually based therapy.
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31
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Pérot C, Boccon-Gibod L, Bouvier R, Doz F, Fournet JC, Fréneaux P, Vieillefond A, Couturier J. Five new cases of juvenile renal cell carcinoma with translocations involving Xp11.2: a cytogenetic and morphologic study. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2003; 143:93-9. [PMID: 12781442 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(02)00851-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Two cases of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) carrying a t(X;1)(p11.2;q21) in a 12-year-old boy and a 14 year-old girl, two cases with a t(X;1)(p11.2;p34) in a 9-year-old boy and a 31-year-old woman, and one case with a t(X;17)(p11.2;q25) in a 15-year-old boy are reported. Two are likely papillary RCC, with clear or slightly eosinophilic cells, and two to a clear cell RCC; one shows a mixture of papillary and clear cell RCC architecture. Renal cell carcinomas with translocations involving Xp11.2 form a specific entity characterized by subtle pathologic features and younger age of occurrence, especially for those with the t(X;17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Pérot
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.
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32
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Meloni-Ehrig AM. Renal cancer: cytogenetic and molecular genetic aspects. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2002; 115:164-72. [PMID: 12407697 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.10697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To date, much progress has been made in the fields of cytogenetics and molecular genetics of renal tumors. The previous and recent findings have delineated the characteristics of the various tumors, particularly the cytogenetic and molecular differences that exist between papillary and nonpapillary clear cell renal cell carcinomas (RCCs). At the same time, new cytogenetic subtypes have emerged [e.g., t(X;1)] in subtypes of RCC, while in others (e.g., Wilms tumors) several new cytogenetic abnormalities and consequent molecular involvement have been found. In addition to Wilms tumor, papillary RCC, and clear-cell RCC, cytogenetic and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses have been performed on several other tumors of the kidney, including chromophobic carcinoma, metanephric adenoma, collecting duct carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma, congenital mesoblastic nephroma, and malignant rhabdoid tumors of the kidney. This review is therefore intended to present a concise update on the cytogenetic and molecular data on renal tumors, focusing mainly on the clinical usefulness of the findings reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia M Meloni-Ehrig
- University of Utah, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA.
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33
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Sanders ME, Mick R, Tomaszewski JE, Barr FG. Unique patterns of allelic imbalance distinguish type 1 from type 2 sporadic papillary renal cell carcinoma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2002; 161:997-1005. [PMID: 12213728 PMCID: PMC1867241 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64260-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2002] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The molecular genetic correlates of a recently proposed subclassification of papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) that designates tumors as type 1 and type 2 based on histological features have not yet been established. Alterations of known genes in PRCC include missense mutations in the MET oncogene (7q31) and rare translocations fusing TFE3 at Xp11.2 with a variety of other loci. Previous cytogenetic and allelic loss studies of PRCC cases revealed gain of chromosome 3q, 7, 8, 12q, 16, 17, and 20q, and loss of 1p, 6q, 9p, 11p, 13q, 14q, 18, 21q, X, and Y. We analyzed a series of sporadic type 1 and type 2 PRCC cases for MET mutations, TFE3 rearrangements, and allelic imbalance (AI) on 3p, 6, 7q, 9p, 11, 13q, 14q, 17q, 18, 20q, and 21q and compared selected results with a series of conventional renal cell carcinomas. A somatic mutation M1149T was identified in MET exon 17 in 1 of 35 PRCC cases whereas TFE3 rearrangements were not detected in 22 PRCC cases examined. Significant differences in AI frequency between PRCCs and conventional renal cell carcinoma cases were seen on 3p (37.5% versus 77.8%, P = 0.01), 7q (42.9% versus 5.6%, P = 0.01), and 17q (54.5% versus 20.0%, P = 0.03). Significant differences in AI frequency between type 1 and type 2 PRCCs were noted on 17q (78.6% versus 12.5%, P = 0.006) and 9p (0% versus 37.5%, P = 0.02). Additional analyses suggested that the relationship between 17q AI and PRCC type may be independent of histological grade and stage. Our findings identify genetic differences between the recently proposed type 1 and type 2 PRCCs, and support the premise that these subtypes arise from distinct genetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda E Sanders
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, the University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia 19104-6082, USA
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34
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35
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Désangles F, Camparo P, Fouet C, Houlgatte A, Arborio M. Translocation (X;1) associated with a nonpapillary carcinoma in a young woman: a new definition for an Xp11.2 RCC subtype. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1999; 113:141-4. [PMID: 10484980 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(98)00261-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report a translocation (X;1)(p11.2;q21) associated with a nontubulopapillary renal cell carcinoma in a 23-year-old woman. To our knowledge this the first report of such an association. A review of the previously published cases of renal cell carcinoma with t(X;1) and its cytogenetic variants with Xp11.2 anomalies is included. The role of this karyotype abnormality as a clinical marker is discussed. The Xp11.2 abnormality could be a primary abnormality characterizing a particular type of RCC appearing in children and young adults of both sexes and in which the histological aspect is not specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Désangles
- Pathology and Cytogenetic Laboratory, Val de Grâce Hospital, Paris, France
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36
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Renshaw AA, Granter SR, Fletcher JA, Kozakewich HP, Corless CL, Perez-Atayde AR. Renal cell carcinomas in children and young adults: increased incidence of papillary architecture and unique subtypes. Am J Surg Pathol 1999; 23:795-802. [PMID: 10403302 DOI: 10.1097/00000478-199907000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinomas in children and young adults are rare, and the pathologic features of these tumors have not been well described. We reviewed 24 renal cell carcinomas in children and young adults ages 6 to 29 years, 14 of whom were younger than 18 years of age. Fourteen were female. In 19 (79%) of 24 cases, the tumor met histologic criteria for papillary renal cell carcinoma, with at least 50% papillary architecture. Four of the remaining five cases were typical clear cell tumors in patients known to have von Hippel Lindau syndrome, and one case was of chromophobe type. In the papillary tumors, calcifications, high nuclear grade, extracapsular extension (American Joint Commission on Cancer stage T3), and lymph node metastases were common. Among these papillary tumors, four distinct histologic patterns could be identified. Collecting duct-like tumors (two cases) involved the large collecting ducts, were multifocal and predominantly papillary, and had focal tubular and solid areas. These tumors were reactive for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and keratins, including CK7, but negative for Ulex europeaus and high molecular weight keratin 34BE12. Voluminous cell tumors (four cases) were composed of cells with extremely voluminous clear cytoplasm and, although predominantly papillary, had areas that also resembled clear cell tumors. These tumors were reactive for keratins AE1/AE3 but were otherwise negative for all other keratins, EMA, and U. europeaus. One of these tumors showed an X;7 translocation. Adult type tumors (12 cases) resembled papillary tumors of adults. These tumors were reactive for EMA and keratins, including CK7, and all but one were negative for U. europeaus and keratin 34BE12. This last case had trisomies of chromosomes 7, 16, 17, and 20. The final neuroendocrinelike case was multifocal, organoid, and composed of nests of small cells in a neuroendocrinelike pattern. Three of 13 patients were alive with disease at last follow-up, and three additional patients died of disease, all within 2 years. Progression was highly associated with lymph node involvement at the time of resection. We conclude that the clinicopathologic features of renal cell carcinomas in children and young adults differ from those arising in older adults. These tumors are characteristically high-grade, high-stage, papillary tumors with numerous calcifications, and several subtypes can be identified based on histologic, immunohistochemical, and cytogenetic features. Some subtypes appear to be unique to this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Renshaw
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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37
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Pérot C, Bougaran J, Boccon-Gibod L, Störkel S, Leverger G, van den Akker J, Taillemite JL, Couturier J. Two new cases of papillary renal cell carcinoma with t(X;1)(p11;q21) in females. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1999; 110:54-6. [PMID: 10198623 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(98)00181-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Two cases of papillary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with a karyotype 46,X,t(X;1)(p11.2;q21) in two female patients aged 9 and 29 years are reported. These observations, and the review of the 17 reported cases with a translocation at band Xp11 confirm that this abnormality delineates a clinicopathological entity within the classical papillary RCC, characterized by the early age of occurrence and, probably, distinct histological features. Including these two new female cases, the sex ratio in cases with t(X;1) appears similar to that observed in the other papillary RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pérot
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
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38
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Carcao MD, Taylor GP, Greenberg ML, Bernstein ML, Champagne M, Hershon L, Baruchel S. Renal-cell carcinoma in children: a different disorder from its adult counterpart? MEDICAL AND PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY 1998; 31:153-8. [PMID: 9722897 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-911x(199809)31:3<153::aid-mpo5>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal-cell carcinoma (RCC) is a rare tumor in children. To address whether RCC in children differs from its adult counterpart, we report a series of 16 children with RCC (5 boys, 11 girls, mean age 9.6 years, range 3-19 years) presenting between 1979 and 1996 at three pediatric centers. PROCEDURE Pathology showed papillary RCC in five patients (31%). Nonpapillary tumors were present in 11 (69%), of which nine were clear-cell type (56%), one was chromophobe-cell type (6%), and one was granular-cell type (6%). Cytogenetic studies were performed on four. RESULTS In two tumors, normal karyotypes (45,XX or 45,XY) were found. In another, there were translocations: t(X;1), t(X;2) and t(6;14). In the fourth, analysis revealed 46,XX/46,X,t(X;17)(p11.2;q25),t(1;12). Several features in this series differ from those reported in adults. In adults, RCC is more frequent in males, is usually nonpapillary, and is characterized cytogenetically by deletions or rearrangements in the short arm of chromosome 3. In contrast, in our series there was no male predominance and a higher proportion of papillary tumors. In addition, two of four cytogenetically analyzed tumors had translocations involving the X chromosome. Translocations involving the Xp11.2 locus have been infrequently reported in both adults and children with papillary RCC. CONCLUSIONS The higher frequency of papillary histology and the presence of translocations involving Xp.11.2 in two cases raise the possibility of a unique subtype of RCC in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Carcao
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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39
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Abstract
Studies of families with inherited carcinomas have provided powerful tools to identify the genes involved in the pathogenesis of human cancers. In this review, we summarize the clinical, pathological, and genetic characteristics of the inherited carcinomas of the kidney. We emphasize the observation that different genes predispose to histologically different types of renal carcinoma. Hereditary papillary renal carcinoma, a recently described inherited disorder, is discussed in detail along with the predisposing gene, the MET protooncogene. The data support a classification of renal carcinomas based on molecular genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zbar
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Maryland 21702, USA
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40
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Yenamandra A, Zhou X, Trinchitella L, Susin M, Sastry S, Mehta L. Renal cell carcinoma with X;1 translocation in a child with Klinefelter syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19980526)77:4<281::aid-ajmg6>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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41
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Kardaś I, Denis A, Babińska M, Gronwald J, Podolski J, Zajaczek S, Kram A, Lubiński J, Limon J. Translocation (X;1)(p11.2;q21) in a papillary renal cell carcinoma in a 14-year-old girl. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1998; 101:159-61. [PMID: 9494621 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(97)00266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of papillary renal cell carcinoma with the karyotype 43-46,X,t(X;1) (p11.2;q21)[5]/80-88,idemx2[5]/45-86,idem,add(5)(p15.1)[2]. This is the second case with such a translocation documented in papillary renal cell carcinoma in a young female.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kardaś
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
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42
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Dal Cin P, Stas M, Sciot R, De Wever I, Van Damme B, Van den Berghe H. Translocation (X;1) reveals metastasis 31 years after renal cell carcinoma. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1998; 101:58-61. [PMID: 9460502 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(97)00063-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cytogenetic investigation of a metastatic lesion appearing 31 years after nephrectomy allowed for the diagnosis of a renal cell carcinoma. The der(X)t(X;1)(p11.2;q21.1) found in this case and review of the 14 other cases previously reported indicates that this chromosome lesion may characterize a specific subgroup of renal cell carcinoma, with distinct histology and age distribution that also can occur in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dal Cin
- Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
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43
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van den Berg E, Dijkhuizen T, Oosterhuis JW, Geurts van Kessel A, de Jong B, Störkel S. Cytogenetic classification of renal cell cancer. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1997; 95:103-7. [PMID: 9140459 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(96)00289-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cytogenetic and molecular genetic investigations in cancer are important tools to address problems of oncogenesis and tumor progression, of classification, and of diagnosis of tumors. A combination of advanced molecular genetic, cytogenetic, and (immuno) histopathologic analysis will contribute significantly to the elucidation of the oncogenic steps that lead to immortalization and subsequent malignant behavior. In this review written on the occasion of Dr. Avery Sandberg's 75th anniversary, we will present a model for the pathogenesis of renal cell tumors based on a new cytomorphologic classification and our (cyto)genetic analysis of about 175 renal cell tumors, together with the accumulated data in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- E van den Berg
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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44
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Weterman MA, Wilbrink M, Geurts van Kessel A. Fusion of the transcription factor TFE3 gene to a novel gene, PRCC, in t(X;1)(p11;q21)-positive papillary renal cell carcinomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93:15294-8. [PMID: 8986805 PMCID: PMC26398 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.26.15294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/1996] [Accepted: 10/23/1996] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The (X;1)(p11;q21) translocation is a recurrent chromosomal abnormality in a subset of human papillary renal cell carcinomas, and is sometimes the sole cytogenetic abnormality present. Via positional cloning, we were able to identify the genes involved. The translocation results in a fusion of the transcription factor TFE3 gene on the X chromosome to a novel gene, designated PRCC, on chromosome 1. Through this fusion, reciprocal translocation products are formed, which are both expressed in papillary renal cell carcinomas. PRCC is ubiquitously expressed in normal adult and fetal tissues and encodes a putative protein of 491 aa with a relatively high content of prolines. No relevant homologies with known sequences at either the DNA or the protein level were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Weterman
- Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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