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Roy A, Guatimosim S, Prado VF, Gros R, Prado MAM. Cholinergic activity as a new target in diseases of the heart. Mol Med 2015; 20:527-37. [PMID: 25222914 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2014.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system is an important modulator of cardiac signaling in both health and disease. In fact, the significance of altered parasympathetic tone in cardiac disease has recently come to the forefront. Both neuronal and nonneuronal cholinergic signaling likely play a physiological role, since modulating acetylcholine (ACh) signaling from neurons or cardiomyocytes appears to have significant consequences in both health and disease. Notably, many of these effects are solely due to changes in cholinergic signaling, without altered sympathetic drive, which is known to have significant adverse effects in disease states. As such, it is likely that enhanced ACh-mediated signaling not only has direct positive effects on cardiomyocytes, but it also offsets the negative effects of hyperadrenergic tone. In this review, we discuss recent studies that implicate ACh as a major regulator of cardiac remodeling and provide support for the notion that enhancing cholinergic signaling in human patients with cardiac disease can reduce morbidity and mortality. These recent results support the idea of developing large clinical trials of strategies to increase cholinergic tone, either by stimulating the vagus or by increased availability of Ach, in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashbeel Roy
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Silvia Guatimosim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vania F Prado
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Gros
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marco A M Prado
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Schroff KC, Aschhoff S, Schulze J, Nägele U, Remien J. A new method for recording surface compound potentials in sympathetic ganglia from mouse, rat, and guinea pig--application to muscarinic and nicotinic depolarizations. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 1999; 41:189-94. [PMID: 10691025 DOI: 10.1016/s1056-8719(99)00040-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We present a new method for electrophysiologic investigations in isolated autonomous ganglia of a variety of laboratory animals. This method enables determination of surface compound potentials in ganglia and changes induced by pharmacologic compounds. Advantages of our methods are as following: (1) the method is relatively simple and does not require sophisticated experimental setups, with minor modifications it is adaptable to investigate ganglia of varying sizes; (2) the signal amplitude is comparable or even higher when compared with signals obtained by other methods: (3) the apparatus allows fast addition and removal of the investigational compounds and thus the determination of acute and subacute desensitizing effects; and (4) fast preparation and minor tissue injuries during preparation of the ganglia allow determination of surface potential changes over a time period of up to 2 days without qualitative changes of the parameters. In this report we demonstrate the validity of this method using superior cervical ganglia from rat, mouse, and guinea pig. Agonists used to trigger potential changes are the cholinergic agonists acetylcholine, muscarine, nicotine, and carbachol. The possibility of receptor desensitization by these compounds is investigated by repeated application over 5 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Schroff
- Walther Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany.
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Abstract
A review is given of the literature concerning the autonomic innervation of airway smooth muscle. The cholinergic, adrenergic and non-cholinergic non-adrenergic (NANC) systems in humans and several animal species are discussed. The diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities and limitations of new receptor specific agonists and antagonists are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A van Nieuwstadt
- Department of Large Animal Medicine and Nutrition, Veterinary Faculty, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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Galvan M, Boer R, Schudt C. Interaction of telenzepine with muscarinic receptors in mammalian sympathetic ganglia. Eur J Pharmacol 1989; 167:1-10. [PMID: 2776837 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(89)90741-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of the antimuscarinic drug telenzepine with muscarinic receptors was studied in rabbit and rat isolated superior cervical sympathetic ganglia. Radioligand binding demonstrated two muscarinic receptor sites in rabbit ganglia, with the characteristics of M1- and M2-receptors. Telenzepine bound to the M1 sites with a KI of 0.94 nmol/l and to the M2 sites with a KI of 17.8 nmol/l; the corresponding values for pirenzepine were 18.6 and 588 nmol/l; for AF-DX 116 the values were 891 and 33 nmol/l respectively. [3H]Telenzepine dissociated from the M1-receptors with a half time of 46 min at 37 degrees C. Electrophysiological experiments demonstrated that telenzepine reduced the amplitude of the extracellularly recorded slow excitatory postsynaptic potential and the slow inhibitory postsynaptic potential (ED50: 38 and 253 nmol/l respectively). In rat ganglia, application of muscarine or the M1-receptor agonist McN-A-343 increased the amplitude of submaximal population action potentials. This facilitation of synaptic transmission was potently blocked by telenzepine and pirenzepine but only weakly by AF-DX 116 (ED50: ca. 30, 150 and 20 mumol/l, respectively). It is concluded that telenzepine blocks the generation of the slow excitatory postsynaptic potential and the excitatory action of muscarine and McN-A-343 via an action on muscarinic M1-receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Galvan
- Department of Pharmacology, Byk Gulden Pharmaceuticals, Konstanz, F.R.G
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