1
|
Yeung CCS, Powers MLE, Nguyen TD, Kreisel F, Frater JL, Zehnbauer BA, Burack R, Hassan A. Relevance of IgVH gene somatic hypermutation and interphase cytogenetics in lymphomatous presentation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma. Int J Surg Pathol 2011; 19:563-9. [PMID: 21536543 DOI: 10.1177/1066896911406918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) are regarded as the same entity, with SLL restricted to tissue cases featuring no leukemic phase. In this study, the authors evaluate a group of SLL cases for cytogenetic abnormalities and IgVH gene mutational status to illicit differences between CLL and SLL. DESIGN IgVH gene polymerase chain reaction amplification and subsequent sequencing were preformed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival tissue of 44 patients (SLL n = 34 or CLL n = 10). Cytogenetic data, CD38, and ZAP-70 expression were also evaluated for these cases. RESULTS The data indicate that 9/34 (26%) SLL cases have somatic hypermutation >2%, which is less than the CLL group where 40% were mutated (4/10). Cytogenetic abnormalities were seen in 58% of the SLL cases with many showing abnormalities associated with favorable to intermediate prognosis. CONCLUSION The authors' attempt to compare CLL with SLL with regards to cytogenetic and IgVH mutational status shows no statistically significant difference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia C S Yeung
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kuriakose P, Perveen N, Maeda K, Wiktor A, Van Dyke DL. Translocation (8;14)(q24;q32) as the sole cytogenetic abnormality in B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 150:156-8. [PMID: 15066324 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2003.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2003] [Revised: 08/28/2003] [Accepted: 09/08/2003] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia is a relatively rare lymphoproliferative disorder. No specific cytogenetic abnormality has yet been associated with it. The most common translocation reported in patients with this disease is t(11;14)(q13;q32). We describe the case of a patient with B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia and a hitherto unreported genetic translocation (8;14)(q24;q32) as the sole genetic abnormality, classically seen in patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/Burkitt lymphoma. This patient presented with an asymptomatic leukocytosis and splenomegaly. Her marrow showed lymphoid hyperplasia, with immunophenotyping consistent with prolymphocytic leukemia; however, t(8;14)(q24;q32) was the only cytogenetic aberration with both standard karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Aged
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8/genetics
- Female
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, B-Cell/pathology
- Leukemia, Prolymphocytic/genetics
- Leukemia, Prolymphocytic/pathology
- Translocation, Genetic/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Kuriakose
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dewald GW, Brockman SR, Paternoster SF. Molecular cytogenetic studies for hematological malignancies. Cancer Treat Res 2004; 121:69-112. [PMID: 15217207 DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-7920-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
|
4
|
Zhang LY, Ibbotson RE, Orchard JA, Gardiner AC, Seear RV, Chase AJ, Oscier DG, Cross NCP. P2X7 polymorphism and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: lack of correlation with incidence, survival and abnormalities of chromosome 12. Leukemia 2003; 17:2097-100. [PMID: 12931211 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor, a plasma membrane ATP-gated ion channel that plays a role in lymphocyte apoptosis, has been suggested as an important contributory factor to the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). The P2X7 gene resides on chromosome 12 and is polymorphic in the population at large (1513A/C) with the A and C alleles encoding fully active and nonfunctional proteins, respectively. We have evaluated the significance of this polymorphism by genotyping 144 patients with CLL and 348 healthy controls using a tetraprimer ARMS assay. We found no significant difference in allele frequency between patients and controls. Although patients with the C allele (A/C heterozygotes or C/C homozygotes) had a marginally shorter survival than those who were homozygous for the A allele, this difference was not significant for either the patient group considered as a whole or for IgVH-mutated/unmutated subsets. Finally, no association was found between trisomy 12 and P2X7 genotype. We conclude that the influence, if any, of P2X7 genotype on susceptibility to CLL or clinical outcome is small.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Child
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12
- DNA Primers
- Genotype
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/epidemiology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/mortality
- Middle Aged
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Receptors, Purinergic P2/genetics
- Receptors, Purinergic P2X7
- Reference Values
- Survival Analysis
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Y Zhang
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Modern diagnosis of mature B- and T-cell leukemias requires integration of morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular genetic features. This integrative approach has allowed more precise definitions of specific disease entities. This in turn provides better information for clinicians to select proper therapy and determine prognosis. The characteristic pathologic features of these disorders are reviewed.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Bone Marrow/immunology
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/pathology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Leukemia, T-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, T-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, T-Cell/pathology
- Molecular Biology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Hsi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dewald GW, Brockman SR, Paternoster SF, Bone ND, O'Fallon JR, Allmer C, James CD, Jelinek DF, Tschumper RC, Hanson CA, Pruthi RK, Witzig TE, Call TG, Kay NE. Chromosome anomalies detected by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization: correlation with significant biological features of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2003; 121:287-95. [PMID: 12694251 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2003.04265.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to detect 6q-, 11q-, +12, 13q-, 17p- and translocations involving 14q32 in interphase nuclei from blood and/or bone marrow from 113 patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL). A total of 87 patients (77%) had a FISH anomaly: 13q- x 1 was most frequent (64%) followed by 13q- x 2 (28%), +12 (25%), 11q- (15%), 17p- (8%) and 6q- (0%). FISH results for blood and bone marrow cells in 38 patients were similar. Purified CD5+/CD19+ cells from blood were studied in eight patients and results indicate that in some patients not all B cells have FISH anomalies. We used a defined set of hierarchical FISH risk categories to compare FISH results by stable versus progressive disease, age, sex, Rai stage, CD38+ expression and IgVH mutational status. Significant differences in FISH risk distributions were associated with Rai stage, disease status and CD38+, but not by age, sex or IgVH mutational status. To look for baseline factors associated with high-risk disease, multivariate analysis of age, sex, Rai stage, CD38+ and disease status versus FISH risk category was performed. Importantly, only CD38+ was significantly associated with high-risk FISH categories (+12, 11q- and 17p-) after adjustment for the effects of other variables.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase/analysis
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, CD19/analysis
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/physiology
- Bone Marrow Cells/immunology
- Bone Marrow Cells/physiology
- CD5 Antigens/analysis
- Chi-Square Distribution
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Immunophenotyping
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Interphase
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins
- Middle Aged
- Multivariate Analysis
- Mutation
- Prognosis
- Risk Assessment
- Statistics, Nonparametric
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon W Dewald
- Division of Laboratory Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dewald GW. Cytogenetic and FISH studies in myelodysplasia, acute myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and lymphoma. Int J Hematol 2002; 76 Suppl 2:65-74. [PMID: 12430903 DOI: 10.1007/bf03165090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Conventional cytogenetic studies are widely used today to diagnose and manage patients with hematological malignancies. The application of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with chromosome-specific DNA probes helps to further define molecular subclasses and cytogenetic risk categories for patients with these disorders. Moreover, FISH permits analysis of proliferating (metaphase cells) and non-proliferating (interphase nuclei) cells, and is useful in establishing the percentage of neoplastic cells before and after therapy (minimal residual disease). For patients with myelodysplasia or acute myeloid leukemia, these chromosome techniques are important for accurate diagnosis and classification of disease and to help decide treatment and monitor response to therapy. Conventional cytogenetic studies have been problematic in chronic lymphocytic leukemia because the neoplastic cells divide infrequently. However, interphase FISH studies now permit detection of chromosome anomalies with prognostic significance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The World Health Organization recognizes that genetic anomalies are one of the most reliable criteria for classification of malignant lymphomas. New methods to extract individual nuclei from paraffin-embedded tissue are now available which permit the use of interphase FISH to detect important chromosome anomalies in lymphoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon W Dewald
- Division of Laboratory Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cuneo A, Roberti MG, Bigoni R, Minotto C, Bardi A, Milani R, Tieghi A, Campioni D, Cavazzini F, De Angeli C, Negrini M, Castoldi G. Four novel non-random chromosome rearrangements in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: 6p24-25 and 12p12-13 translocations, 4q21 anomalies and monosomy 21. Br J Haematol 2000; 108:559-64. [PMID: 10759714 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.01898.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Nine patients with previously unreported chromosome changes were identified among 209 B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cases: three patients had a translocation involving 6p24-25; three had a 12p12-13 translocation; two had 4q21 involvement (one with coexisting 6p anomaly); and two had monosomy 21. Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) detected some cryptic aberrations (+12, 6q-, 17p-, 11q-) in those patients with 6p translocations, whereas only a cytogenetically undetected 13q14 deletion was found in the remaining cases. Atypical morphology was noted in six cases, including both cases with monosomy 21, two cases with 6p and 4q21 anomaly and one case with 12p involvement. Four of these cases also had more than one phenotype deviation with respect to the classical CLL phenotype. Disease progression after 21-51 months (median 41) was noted in two cases with 6p and 4q21 involvement and in one case with 12p anomaly and monosomy 21. We arrived at the following conclusions: (i) 6p24-25 and, possibly, 4q21 lesions represent non-random events in CLL, occurring in association with other well-known unbalanced rearrangements; (ii) 12p rearrangements and monosomy 21 may possibly represent early chromosome defects that are not associated with the classical DNA gains and losses known to be present in the majority of CLL; and (iii) atypical morphology and immunophenotype as well as disease progression were frequently observed in these cases
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Aged
- Chromosome Aberrations/diagnosis
- Chromosome Disorders
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6
- Female
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Leukemia, B-Cell/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Monosomy
- Translocation, Genetic
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Cuneo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Terapie Avanzate, Sezione di Ematologia, University of Ferrara, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vallianatou K, Brito-Babapulle V, Matutes E, Atkinson S, Catovsky D. p53 gene deletion and trisomy 12 in hairy cell leukemia and its variant. Leuk Res 1999; 23:1041-5. [PMID: 10576509 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(99)00127-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The deletion or mutation of the p53 tumour suppressor gene on chromosome 17p13 is known to be associated with aggressive disease in several B-cell malignancies. The present study describes the p53 gene status in 20 cases of hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and in 12 cases of its morphological variant (HCL-V) by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). A high incidence of p53 deletion was found in both diseases (75-100% of cases). However, a significant difference was observed between the proportion of cells with p53 deletion in HCL-V cases (mean 31%) and HCL cases (mean 12%) P value < 0.01. The observed difference correlates with the well known tendency for transformation and poor response to therapy in HCL-V and seven cases of HCL-V with greater than 22% of cells with p53 deletion showed features of disease progression and transformation. Trisomy 12 was present in 8.5% of the cells in one case of HCL-V and in 6-8% of cells in three cases of HCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Vallianatou
- Academic Department of Haematology and Cytogenetics, Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Trust/Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rickert CH, Dockhorn-Dworniczak B, Simon R, Paulus W. Chromosomal imbalances in primary lymphomas of the central nervous system. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 1999; 155:1445-51. [PMID: 10550299 PMCID: PMC1866963 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)65458-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-two primary central nervous system lymphomas of immunocompetent adults were studied by comparative genomic hybridization. All were high-grade diffuse large B cell lymphomas. Comparative genomic hybridization revealed an average of 5.5 chromosomal changes per tumor, with gains being more common than losses (3.5 vs. 2.0). The most frequent DNA copy number changes were gains on chromosomes 1, 12, 18 (41% each), 7 (23%), and 11 (18%) and losses involving chromosomes 6 (59%), 18, and 20 (18% each). Commonly involved regions were +12q (41%), +18q (36%), +1q (32%), and +7q (23%), as well as -6q (50%), -6p (18%), -17p, and -18p (14% each). High-level gains were found on 7 chromosomes, mainly involving chromosomes 18q (23%), 12q (18%), and 1q (14%). Minimal common regions of over- and underrepresentation were found on +1q25-31, -6q16-21, +7q11.2, +12p11.2-13, +12q12-14, +12q22-24.1, and +18q12.2-21.3. A significant correlation between loss of DNA copy numbers on chromosome 6q and shorter survival could be established (10.2 vs. 22.3 months; P < 0.05). Our findings suggest that chromosomal imbalances of primary central nervous system lymphomas are similar to those of diffuse large B cell lymphomas at other locations and are probably not related to cerebral presentation; however, they may be prognostically relevant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C H Rickert
- Institute of Neuropathology, Gerhard Domagk Institute of Pathology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Affiliation(s)
- J Gardais
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France
| |
Collapse
|