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Jiao F, Tan Z, Yu Z, Zhou B, Meng L, Shi X. The phytochemical and pharmacological profile of taraxasterol. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:927365. [PMID: 35991893 PMCID: PMC9386448 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.927365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Taraxasterol is one of the bioactive triterpenoids found in dandelion, a member of the family Asteraceae. In the animal or cellular models of several ailments, including liver damage, gastritis, colitis, arthritis, pneumonia, tumors, and immune system diseases, taraxasterol has been shown to have significant preventive and therapeutic effects. This review aims to evaluate the current state of research and provide an overview of the possible applications of taraxasterol in various diseases. The reported phytochemical properties and pharmacological actions of taraxasterol, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-carcinogenic properties, and its potential molecular mechanisms in developing these diseases are highlighted. Finally, we further explored whether taraxasterol has protective effects on neuronal death in neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, more animal and clinical studies are also required on the metabolism, bioavailability, and safety of taraxasterol to support its applications in pharmaceuticals and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjuan Jiao
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- *Correspondence: Fengjuan Jiao,
| | - Zengyue Tan
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Zhonghua Yu
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Bojie Zhou
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Lingyan Meng
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xinyue Shi
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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Mahmud S, Hasan MR, Biswas S, Paul GK, Afrose S, Mita MA, Sultana Shimu MS, Promi MM, Hani U, Rahamathulla M, Khan MA, Zaman S, Uddin MS, Rahmatullah M, Jahan R, Alqahtani AM, Saleh MA, Emran TB. Screening of Potent Phytochemical Inhibitors Against SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease: An Integrative Computational Approach. FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2021; 1:717141. [PMID: 36303755 PMCID: PMC9581031 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2021.717141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a potentially lethal and devastating disease that has quickly become a public health threat worldwide. Due to its high transmission rate, many countries were forced to implement lockdown protocols, wreaking havoc on the global economy and the medical crisis. The main protease (Mpro) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative virus for COVID-19, represent an effective target for the development of a new drug/vaccine because it is well-conserved and plays a vital role in viral replication. Mpro inhibition can stop the replication, transcription as well as recombination of SARS-CoV-2 after the infection and thus can halt the formation of virus particles, making Mpro a viable therapeutic target. Here, we constructed a phytochemical dataset based on a rigorous literature review and explored the probability that various phytochemicals will bind with the main protease using a molecular docking approach. The top three hit compounds, medicagol, faradiol, and flavanthrin, had binding scores of −8.3, −8.6, and −8.8 kcal/mol, respectively, in the docking analysis. These three compounds bind to the active groove, consisting of His41, Cys45, Met165, Met49, Gln189, Thr24, and Thr190, resulting in main protease inhibition. Moreover, the multiple descriptors from the molecular dynamics simulation, including the root-mean-square deviation, root-mean-square fluctuation, solvent-accessible surface area, radius of gyration, and hydrogen bond analysis, confirmed the stable nature of the docked complexes. In addition, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) analysis confirmed a lack of toxicity or carcinogenicity for the screened compounds. Our computational analysis may contribute toward the design of an effective drug against the main protease of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafi Mahmud
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Microbiology Laboratory, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Robiul Hasan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Suvro Biswas
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Gobindo Kumar Paul
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Microbiology Laboratory, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Shamima Afrose
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Mohsana Akter Mita
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | | | - Maria Meha Promi
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Rahamathulla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Arif Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shahriar Zaman
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Microbiology Laboratory, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Salah Uddin
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Microbiology Laboratory, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Rahmatullah
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rownak Jahan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ali M. Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Abu Saleh
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Microbiology Laboratory, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
- *Correspondence: Md. Abu Saleh, ; Talha Bin Emran,
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
- *Correspondence: Md. Abu Saleh, ; Talha Bin Emran,
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Yamamoto Y, Kono M. Physiological Functions of 70% Ethanol Extracts of 6 Edible Flowers <i>in Vitro</i>: A Comparative Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2018.94024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Jassbi AR, Firuzi O, Miri R, Salhei S, Zare S, Zare M, Masroorbabanari M, Chandran JN, Schneider B, Baldwin IT. Cytotoxic activity and chemical constituents of Anthemis mirheydari. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:2044-2049. [PMID: 26864903 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2016.1141220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Context The genus Anthemis L. (Asteraceae) comprises about 195 species which are widely used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. Objective Anthemis mirheydari Iranshar, an endemic plant from Iran, was investigated for its cytotoxic properties and chemical constituents. Materials and methods The whole parts of the plant (320 g) were extracted by dichloromethane and methanol for four days, successively. The cytotoxic activity of both dichloromethane and methanol extracts were assayed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide colorimetric methods against three human cancer cell lines including LS180, MCF-7 and MOLT-4. Different concentrations (10-100 μg/mL) of the plant extracts were tested to obtain IC50 values. The dichloromethane extract of A. mirheydari was subjected to silica gel-column and thin layer chromatography for purification of its chemical constituents and the isolated compounds were further tested against MOLT-4 cells. The structures of the pure compounds were elucidated using different spectral data including nuclear magnetic resonance and electron impact mass spectra. Results The IC50 values of the dichloromethane extract were 30.8 ± 6.7, 25.2 ± 6.5 and 8.6 ± 1.1 μg/mL (means ± standard error) for the above-mentioned cell lines, respectively. Two triterpenoids, taraxasterol (1) and pseudotaraxasterol (2), one sterol, β-sitosterol (3) and one coumarin, 7-methoxycoumarin (4) were isolated from the extract. The IC50 of the mixture of compounds 1 and 2 as well as compounds 3 and 4 were higher (>100 μM) than that reported for the dichloromethane extract against MOLT-4 cells. Conclusion The dichloromethane extract was the most active one among the tested material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Reza Jassbi
- a Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Omidreza Firuzi
- a Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Ramin Miri
- a Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Sajad Salhei
- a Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
- b Students Research Committee , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Somayeh Zare
- a Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
- b Students Research Committee , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Mehdi Zare
- a Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Mehdi Masroorbabanari
- a Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Jima N Chandran
- c Department of Biosynthesis/NMR , Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology , Jena , Germany
| | - Bernd Schneider
- c Department of Biosynthesis/NMR , Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology , Jena , Germany
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- d Department of Molecular Ecology , Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology , Jena , Germany
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Zhang J, Kurita M, Ebina K, Ukiya M, Tokuda H, Yasukawa K, Masters ET, Shimizu N, Akihisa M, Feng F, Akihisa T. Melanogenesis-Inhibitory Activity and Cancer Chemopreventive Effect of Glucosylcucurbic Acid from Shea (Vitellaria paradoxa) Kernels. Chem Biodivers 2015; 12:547-58. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201400424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Zhang J, Kurita M, Shinozaki T, Ukiya M, Yasukawa K, Shimizu N, Tokuda H, Masters ET, Akihisa M, Akihisa T. Triterpene glycosides and other polar constituents of shea (Vitellaria paradoxa) kernels and their bioactivities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 108:157-70. [PMID: 25446237 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The MeOH extract of defatted shea (Vitellaria paradoxa; Sapotaceae) kernels was investigated for its constituents, and fifteen oleanane-type triterpene acids and glycosides, two steroid glucosides, two pentane-2,4-diol glucosides, seven phenolic compounds, and three sugars, were isolated. The structures of five triterpene glycosides were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical methods. Upon evaluation of the bioactivity of the isolated compounds, it was found that some or most of the compounds have potent or moderate inhibitory activities against the following: melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells induced by α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH); generation of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, against Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by 12-O-teradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) in Raji cells; t TPA-induced inflammation in mice, and proliferation of one or more of HL-60, A549, AZ521, and SK-BR-3 human cancer cell lines, respectively. Western blot analysis established that paradoxoside E inhibits melanogenesis by regulation of expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, and tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1) and TRP-2. In addition, tieghemelin A was demonstrated to exhibit cytotoxic activity against A549 cells (IC50 13.5 μM) mainly due to induction of apoptosis by flow cytometry. The extract of defatted shea kernels and its constituents may be, therefore, valuable as potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, skin-whitening, chemopreventive, and anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kurita
- College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan
| | - Takuro Shinozaki
- College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan
| | - Motohiko Ukiya
- College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan
| | - Ken Yasukawa
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-855, Japan
| | - Naoto Shimizu
- Application Center, Agilent Technologies Japan Ltd., 9-1 Takakura-cho, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0033, Japan
| | - Harukuni Tokuda
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-maschi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Eliot T Masters
- World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology (NMIT), Nelson 7010, New Zealand
| | - Momoko Akihisa
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical Hospital of Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Akihisa
- College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan; Akihisa Medical Clinic, 1086-3 Kamo, Sanda-shi, Hyogo 669-1311, Japan.
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Hsu WH, Pan TM. Treatment of metabolic syndrome with ankaflavin, a secondary metabolite isolated from the edible fungus Monascus spp. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:4853-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5716-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Manosroi A, Jantrawut P, Ogihara E, Yamamoto A, Fukatsu M, Yasukawa K, Tokuda H, Suzuki N, Manosroi J, Akihisa T. Biological activities of phenolic compounds and triterpenoids from the galls of Terminalia chebula. Chem Biodivers 2014; 10:1448-63. [PMID: 23939793 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201300149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Nine phenolic compounds, including two phenolic carboxylic acids, 1 and 2, seven hydrolyzable tannins, 3-9, eight triterpenoids, including four oleanane-type triterpene acids, 10-13, and four of their glucosides, 14-17, isolated from a MeOH extract of the gall of Terminalia chebula Retz. (myrobalan tree; Combretaceae), were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells induced by α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), against the Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) in Raji cells, and against TPA-induced inflammation in mice. Their 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activities and cytotoxic activities against four human cancer cell lines were also evaluated. Compounds 6-9 and 12 exhibited potent inhibitory activities against melanogenesis (39.3-66.3% melanin content) with low toxicity to the cells (74.5-105.9% cell viability) at a concentration of 10 μM. Western-blot analysis revealed that isoterchebulin (8) reduced the protein levels of MITF (=microphtalmia-associated transcription factor), tyrosinase, and TRP-1 (=tyrosine-related protein 1), mostly in a concentration-dependent manner. Eight triterpenoids, 10-17, showed potent inhibitory effects on EBV-EA induction with the IC50 values in the range of 269-363 mol ratio/32 pmol TPA, while these compounds exhibited no DPPH scavenging activities (IC50 >100 μM). On the other hand, the nine phenolic compounds, 1-9, exhibited potent radical-scavenging activities (IC50 1.4-10.9 μM) with weak inhibitory effects on EBV-EA induction (IC50 460-518 mol ratio/32 pmol TPA). The tannin 6 and seven triterpenoids, 10-16, have been shown to inhibit TPA-induced inflammation (1 μg/ear) in mice with the ID50 values in the range of 0.06-0.33 μmol/ear. Arjungenin (10) exhibited inhibitory effect on skin-tumor promotion in an in vivo two-stage mouse-skin carcinogenesis test based on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) as initiator and with TPA as promoter. Compounds 1, 2, 4, 5, 7-9, 12, and 13, against HL60 cell line, compounds 1 and 4, against AZ521 cell line, and compounds 1, 11, and 12, against SK-BR-3 cell line, showed moderate cytotoxic activities (IC50 13.9-73.2 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranya Manosroi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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Arora D, Rani A, Sharma A. A review on phytochemistry and ethnopharmacological aspects of genus Calendula. Pharmacogn Rev 2013; 7:179-87. [PMID: 24347926 PMCID: PMC3841996 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.120520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This review includes 84 references on the genus Calendula (Asteraceae) and comprises ethnopharmacology, morphology and microscopy, phytoconstituents, pharmacological reports, clinical studies and toxicology of the prominent species of Calendula. Triterpene alcohols, triterpene saponins, flavonoids, carotenoids and polysaccharides constitute major classes of phytoconstituents of the genus. A few species of this genus have medicinal value, among these Calendula officinalis Linn., has been traditionally used in the treatment of various skin tumors, dermatological lesions, ulcers, swellings and nervous disorders as well as almost 200 cosmetic formulations, i.e., creams, lotions, shampoos. Despite a long tradition of use of some species, the genus has not been explored properly. In the concluding part, the future scope of Calendula species has been emphasized with a view to establish their multifarious biological activities and mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disha Arora
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anita Rani
- L. R. Institute of Pharmacy, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anupam Sharma
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Monascus purpureus-fermented products and oral cancer: a review. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 93:1831-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-3891-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Zheng Y, Xin Y, Shi X, Guo Y. Anti-cancer effect of rubropunctatin against human gastric carcinoma cells BGC-823. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 88:1169-77. [PMID: 20730532 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2834-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Revised: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Monascus pigment, rubropunctatin, was extracted and purified from red mold rice (RMR) and its cytotoxic activities against human gastric adenocarcinoma BGC-823 cells were studied both in vitro and in vivo. Rubropunctatin inhibited the proliferation of BGC-823 cells with an inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of 12.57 μM, while it exhibited no significant toxicity to normal gastric epithelial cell GES-1 at the same concentration. Treatment of BGC-823 cells with rubropunctatin resulted in a dose- and time-dependent apoptosis, as validated by the increase in the percentage of cells in sub-G1 phase and phosphotidylserine externalization. The in vivo experimental data demonstrated that rubropunctatin could offer similar therapeutic benefits in comparison with the same dose of taxol. After five times of intravenous injection, tumor weight in BGC-823-bearing nude mice reduced 23.5% at the dose of 8 mg/kg and 37.7% at the dose of 32 mg/kg, respectively. The expressions of 30 genes related to induction of apoptosis were found up-regulated significantly. The two most expressed genes were tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and DNA-damage inducible transcript 3. TNF was considered as a major mediator of apoptosis induced by rubropunctatin. This is the first report describing the anti-proliferative effect of rubropunctatin and its apoptosis mechanism on BGC-823 cells. Rubropunctatin has potential to be developed as a new natural anti-cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunquan Zheng
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Engineering, Fuzhou University, China
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14
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Inhibitory effect of the flowers of artichoke (Cynara cardunculus) on TPA-induced inflammation and tumor promotion in two-stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin. J Nat Med 2010; 64:388-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-010-0403-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Application of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis coupled with microchip electrophoresis for high-resolution identification of Monascus strains. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 82:1187-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-1937-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Revised: 02/25/2009] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Shakurova ÉR, Parfenova TI, Sufiyarova RS, Khalilova AZ, Akhmetova VR, Bashkatov SA. Synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity of acyl derivatives of taraxasterol. Pharm Chem J 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-008-0116-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Antiproliferative activity against human tumor cell lines and toxicity test on Mediterranean dietary plants. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:3325-32. [PMID: 18768152 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2007] [Revised: 07/15/2008] [Accepted: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sixteen edible plants from Southern Italy were evaluated for their in vitro antiproliferative properties, using the sulforodamine B (SRB) assay, on four human cancer cell lines: breast cancer MCF-7, prostate cancer LNCaP, amelanotic melanoma C32 and renal adenocarcinoma ACHN. After 48 h of incubation the most antiproliferative plant extract was Cynara cardunculus ssp. cardunculus on C32 and ACHN cell lines with IC(50) of 21 and 18 microg/ml, respectively. Mentha aquatica showed a selective antiproliferative activity on breast cancer while significant activity was exerted by Cichorium intybus on melanoma. These species contained the highest amount of phenolics. The acute toxicity of the hydroalcohol extracts from all the plants were evaluated by using the Microtox acute toxicity test. This bacterial test measures the decrease in light emission from the marine luminescent Vibrio fischeri bacteria when exposed to organic extracts. This inhibition test was revealed to be highly sensitive, cost effective and easy to operate, requiring just 15 min to predict the sample toxicity. All the extracts analyzed resulted to give values very less than a limit of 20% value, demonstrating so an irrelevant toxicity for the human health. In contrast, Echium vulgare and Malva sylvestris showed bioluminescence inhibition values of 19.42% and 17.32%, respectively, just under the established limit.
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Lin YL, Wang TH, Lee MH, Su NW. Biologically active components and nutraceuticals in the Monascus-fermented rice: a review. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 77:965-73. [PMID: 18038131 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-007-1256-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2007] [Revised: 10/24/2007] [Accepted: 10/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Monascus-fermented rice has traditionally been used as a natural food colorant and food preservative of meat and fish for centuries. It has recently become a popular dietary supplement because of many of its bioactive constituents being discovered, including a series of active drug compounds, monacolins, indicated as the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors for reducing serum cholesterol level. The controversy of its safety has been provoked because a mycotoxin, citrinin, is also produced along with the Monascus secondary metabolites by certain strains or under certain cultivation conditions. This review introduces the basic production process and addresses on the compounds with bioactive functions. Current advances in avoiding the harmful ingredient citrinin are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yii-Lih Lin
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, no. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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Akhmetova VR, Shakurova ER, Khalilova AZ, Khalilov LM, Dzhemilev UM. Synthesis and transformations of 20-oxo-30-nortaraxasteryl acetate derivatives. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428007030050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Akihisa T, Nakamura Y, Tagata M, Tokuda H, Yasukawa K, Uchiyama E, Suzuki T, Kimura Y. Anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor-promoting effects of triterpene acids and sterols from the fungus Ganoderma lucidum. Chem Biodivers 2007; 4:224-31. [PMID: 17311233 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200790027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A series of lanostane-type triterpene acids, including eleven lucidenic acids (3, 4, 9, 10, 13-19) and six ganoderic acids (20-22, 24, 26, 27), as well as six sterols (28-33), all isolated from the fruiting bodies of the fungus Ganoderma lucidum, were examined for their inhibitory effects on the induction of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in Raji cells, a known primary screening test for anti-tumor promoters. All of the compounds tested, except for ganolactone (27) and three sterols (29-31), showed potent inhibitory effects on EBV-EA induction, with IC(50) values of 235-370 mol ratio/32 pmol TPA. In addition, nine lucidenic acids (1, 2, 5-8, 11, 12, 18) and four ganoderic acids (20, 23-25) were found to inhibit TPA-induced inflammation (1 microg/ear) in mice, with ID(50) values of 0.07-0.39 mg per ear. Further, 20-hydroxylucidenic acid N (18) exhibited inhibitory effects on skin-tumor promotion in an in vivo two-stage mouse-skin carcinogenesis test based on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) as initiator, and with TPA as promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Akihisa
- College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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21
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Triterpene einschließlich Steroide. PHARMAKOGNOSIE — PHYTOPHARMAZIE 2007. [PMCID: PMC7136901 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-34281-6_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Akihisa T, Taguchi Y, Yasukawa K, Tokuda H, Akazawa H, Suzuki T, Kimura Y. Acerogenin M, a Cyclic Diarylheptanoid, and Other Phenolic Compounds from Acer nikoense and Their Anti-inflammatory and Anti-tumor-Promoting Effects. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2006; 54:735-9. [PMID: 16651781 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.54.735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new cyclic diarylheptanoid, acerogenin M (1), has been isolated along with nine known diarylheptanoids, 2-10, and two known phenolic compounds, 11 and 12, from a MeOH extract of the stem bark of Acer nikoense MAXIM. (Aceraceae). The structure of 1 was determined on the basis of a spectroscopic method. Upon evaluation of the inhibitory effects on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation (1 microg/ear) in mice of nine of the compounds (2-6, 8, 10-12), six (2, 4-6, 8, 10) showed a marked anti-inflammatory effect with a 50% inhibitory dose (ID(50)) of 0.26-0.81 mg per ear. In addition, upon an evaluation against the Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by TPA for all of the compounds, all exhibited moderate inhibitory effects against EBV-EA induction (IC(50) values of 356-534 mol ratio/32 pmol TPA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Akihisa
- College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, 101-8308 Tokyo, Japan.
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23
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Akihisa T, Franzblau SG, Ukiya M, Okuda H, Zhang F, Yasukawa K, Suzuki T, Kimura Y. Antitubercular activity of triterpenoids from Asteraceae flowers. Biol Pharm Bull 2005; 28:158-60. [PMID: 15635183 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.28.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-eight 3-hydroxy triterpenoids of taraxastane- (1-7), oleanane- (8-12), ursane- (13-15), lupane- (16,18,19), taraxane- (20), cycloartane- (21-25), tirucallane- (26-28), and dammarane-types (29) isolated from the non-saponifiable lipid fraction of the flower extract of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) and one lupane-type 3alpha-hydroxy triterpenoid (17) derived from 16 were tested for their antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv using the Microplate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA). Fifteen compounds showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in the range of 4-64 microg/ml, among which maniladiol (9; MIC 4 microg/ml), 3-epilupeol (17; 4 microg/ml), and 4,5alpha-epoxyhelianol (27; 6 microg/ml) exhibited the highest activity. Cytotoxicity of compound 17 against Vero cells gave an IC50 value of over 62.5 microg/ml, suggesting some degree of selectivity for M. tuberculosis.
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24
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Neukirch H, D'Ambrosio M, Sosa S, Altinier G, Della Loggia R, Guerriero A. Improved Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Three New Terpenoids Derived, by Systematic Chemical Modifications, from the Abundant Triterpenes of the Flowery PlantCalendula officinalis. Chem Biodivers 2005; 2:657-71. [PMID: 17192009 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200590042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Rings A, D and E of faradiol (1), and ring E of both arnidiol (10) and calenduladiol (4) have been subjected to various selective chemical manipulations to modify polarity, water affinity, H-bonding, sterics, and number of aromatic groups of these anti-inflammatory natural compounds. A total of 15 new and four known pentacyclic triterpenoids have been obtained in this way. Some 13 terpenoids were evaluated for their topical anti-inflammatory activities with respect to inhibition of croton oil induced ear oedema in mouse. Three derivatives of 1, the C(16) benzyl ether 15, the C(30) aldehyde 24, and the C(30) primary alcohol 25 showed significantly improved anti-inflammatory potencies, which is relevant for (future) structure-activity-relationship (SAR) studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Neukirch
- Laboratorio di Chimica Bioorganica, Università di Trento, Via Sommarive 14, I-38050 Povo-Trento
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25
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Banno N, Akihisa T, Tokuda H, Yasukawa K, Taguchi Y, Akazawa H, Ukiya M, Kimura Y, Suzuki T, Nishino H. Anti-inflammatory and Antitumor-Promoting Effects of the Triterpene Acids from the Leaves of Eriobotrya japonica. Biol Pharm Bull 2005; 28:1995-9. [PMID: 16204964 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.28.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sixteen triterpene acids, viz., five of the oleanane-type (1-5), nine of the ursane-type (6-14), and two of the lupane-type (15, 16), were isolated and identified from the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of the methanol extract of the leaves of loquat, Eriobotrya japonica LINDL. (Rosaceae). Twelve of these compounds, 1-4, 6, 8-13, and 15, were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation (1 microg/ear) in mice. All the compounds tested showed a marked anti-inflammatory effect, with a 50% inhibitory dose (ID50) of 0.03-0.43 mg per ear. In addition, an evaluation against the Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by TPA for all of the compounds, 12 and 13 showed potent inhibitory effects on EBV-EA induction. Furthermore, euscaphic acid (12) exhibited marked antitumor-promoting activity in an in vivo two-stage carcinogenesis test of mouse tumor by using 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) as an initiator and TPA as a promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiro Banno
- Ichimaru Pharcos Company Ltd; 318-1 Asaki, Motosu, gifu 501-0475, Japan
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Edenharder R, Krieg H, Köttgen V, Platt KL. Inhibition of clastogenicity of benzo[a]pyrene and of its trans-7,8-dihydrodiol in mice in vivo by fruits, vegetables, and flavonoids. Mutat Res 2003; 537:169-81. [PMID: 12787821 DOI: 10.1016/s1383-5718(03)00078-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In the in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay, homogenates of spinach, artichoke, peaches, and blue grapes as well as commercial concentrates of these vegetables and fruits reduced induction of micronuclei by benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) by 43-50%. Concentrates of strawberries (31% reduction) and of cauliflower (20% reduction) were less potent. Inhibition of genotoxicity by spinach and peaches was not caused by any delay in maturation of micronucleated erythrocytes as shown by experiments with sampling times of 24, 48, and 72 h after dosing of BaP. Pre-treatment of the mice with spinach 48, 24, and 12h before application of BaP resulted in a 44% reduction of micronuclei while peaches generated only a marginal effect. A post-treatment procedure administering spinach or peaches 6h after dosing of BaP did not indicate any protective effects. When trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BaP-7,8-OH) was applied for induction of micronuclei spinach and peaches reduced the number of micronuclei by 55 and 48%, respectively. Pre-treatment of mice with spinach 96, 72, and 60 h before sacrifice caused a decline of hepatic 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (EROD) and of 7-pentoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (PROD) activities by factors of 2.2 and 1.4, respectively. However, statistical significance was not reached. On the other hand, peaches had no influence on hepatic EROD or PROD activities. The flavonoids quercetin and its glucoside isoquercitrin, administered orally in doses of 0.03 mmol/kg body weight simultaneously with intraperitoneally given BaP, reduced the number of micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes of the bone marrow of mice by 73 and 33%. Ten-fold higher concentrations, however, reversed the effects with a particular strong increase observed with isoquercitrin (+109%; quercetin: +16%).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Edenharder
- Department of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University of Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, D-55131 Mainz, Germany.
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27
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Yasukawa K, Kitanaka S, Seo S. Inhibitory effect of stevioside on tumor promotion by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in two-stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin. Biol Pharm Bull 2002; 25:1488-90. [PMID: 12419967 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.25.1488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Four steviol (ent-kaurene-type diterpenoid) glycosides, stevioside, rebaudiosides A and C, and dulcoside A, have been isolated from Stevia rebaudiana BERTONI. These compounds showed strong inhibitory activity against 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation in mice. The 50% inhibitory dose of these compounds for TPA-induced inflammation was 54.1-291.6 micro g/ear. Furthermore, at 1.0 and 0.1 mg/mouse of stevioside mixture, the mixture of these compounds markedly inhibited the promoting effect of TPA (1 micro g/mouse) on skin tumor formation initiated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (50 micro g/mouse).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Yasukawa
- College of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba, Japan.
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28
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29
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Antitumor-promoting and anti-inflammatory activities of triterpenoids and sterols from plants and fungi. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(01)80005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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30
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Yasukawa K, Akihisa T, Yoshida ZY, Takido M. Inhibitory effect of euphol, a triterpene alcohol from the roots of Euphorbia kansui, on tumour promotion by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in two-stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin. J Pharm Pharmacol 2000; 52:119-24. [PMID: 10716613 DOI: 10.1211/0022357001773607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory activity of euphol, twelve other triterpene alcohols and sitosterol-beta-D-glucopyranoside, isolated from the dichloromethane extract of the roots of Euphorbia kansui, has been evaluated in mice with inflammation induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). TPA (1.7 nmol; 1.0 microg/ear) was dissolved in acetone and 10 microL delivered to the inner and outer surfaces of the right ear of ICR mice. A triterpene alcohol, sterol glucoside or vehicle (20 microL; chloroform-methanol 1:1), was applied topically approximately 30 min before each TPA treatment. The ear thickness was measured before treatment and then oedema was measured 6 h after TPA treatment. For the two-stage carcinogenesis experiment, initiation was accomplished by administration of a single topical application of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA; 195 nmol; 50 microg/mouse) to the shaved backs of mice. Promotion was with 1.7 nmol (1.0 microg) TPA, applied twice weekly to the same shaved area, begun one week after the initiation. Euphol (2.0 micromol; 853 microg), or its vehicle (acetone-dimethylsulphoxide, 9:1; 100 microL), was applied topically 30 min before each TPA treatment. The number and diameter of skin tumours were measured every other week for 20 weeks. All the compounds were found to possess marked inhibitory activity and their 50% inhibitory dose for TPA-induced inflammation was 0.2-1.0 mg/ear. Topical application of euphol (2.0 micromol; 853 microg/mouse) markedly suppressed the tumour-promoting effect of TPA (1.7 nmol; 1.0 microg/mouse) in mouse skin initiated with DMBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yasukawa
- College of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba, Japan
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31
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Anti-Tumor-Promoting Activities (Cancer Chemopreventive Activities) of Natural Products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(00)80047-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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32
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Ríos J, Recio M, Maáñez S, Giner R. Natural Triterpenoids as Anti-Inflammatory Agents. BIOACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS (PART C) 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(00)80024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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