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Mallick S, Benson R, Venkatesulu B, Melgandi W, Rath GK. Systematic Review and Individual Patient Data Analysis of Uncommon Variants of Glioblastoma: An Analysis of 196 Cases. Neurol India 2022; 70:2086-2092. [PMID: 36352613 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.359222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Different variant of GBM has been reported viz. Epithelioid Glioblastoma (GBM-E), Rhabdoid GBM (GBM-R), Small cell GBM (GBM-SC), Giant cell GBM (GBM-GC), GBM with neuro ectodermal differentiation (GBM-PNET) with unknown behavior. MATERIALS We conducted a systematic review and individual patient data analysis of these rare GBM variants. We searched PubMed, google search, and Cochrane library for eligible studies till July 1st 2016 published in English language and collected data regarding age, sex, subtype and treatment received, Progression Free Survival (PFS), Overall Survival (OS). Statistical Package for social sciences (SPSS) v16 software was used for all statistical analysis. RESULTS We retrieved data of 196 patients with rare GBM subtypes. Among these GBM-GC is commonest (51%), followed by GBM-R (19%), GBM-PNET (13%), GBM-SC (9%) and GBM-E (8%). Median age at diagnosis was 38, 40, 43.5, 69.5 and 18 years, respectively. Male: female ratio was 2:1 for GBM-E, and 1:3 for GBM-SC. Maximal safe resection followed by adjuvant local radiation was used for most of the patients. However, 6 patients with GBM-PNET, 3 each of GBM-E, GBM-SC received adjuvant craniospinal radiation. Out of 88 patients who received chemotherapy, 64 received Temozolomide alone or combination chemotherapy containing Temozolomide. Median PFS and OS for the entire cohort were 9 and 16 months. In univariate analysis, patient with a Gross Total Resection had significantly better PFS and OS compared to those with a Sub Total Resection [23 vs. 13 months (p-0.01)]. Median OS for GBM PNET, GBM-GC, GBM-SC, GBM-R and GBM-E were 32, 18.3, 11, 12 and 7.7 months, respectively (P = 0.001). Interestingly, 31.3%, 37.8% of patients with GBM-E, GBM-R had CSF dissemination. CONCLUSION Overall cohort of rarer GBM variant has equivalent survival compared to GBM not otherwise specified. However, epithelioid and Rhabdoid GBM has worst survival and one third shows CSF dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Mallick
- Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rony Benson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Wineeta Melgandi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Goura K Rath
- Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Morphogenetic and Imaging Characteristics in Giant Cell Glioblastoma. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:5316-5323. [PMID: 36005160 PMCID: PMC9406765 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29080422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant cell glioblastoma is a rare tumor entity of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma. It is usually found in the pediatric population. We describe a particular case of a female patient diagnosed histopathologically with giant cell glioblastoma, who had two recurrences in different lobes of the same cerebral hemisphere, despite positive prognostic factors and appropriate treatment. We performed an immunohistochemical characterization of giant cell glioblastoma as well as an analysis of its aggressiveness using the cytogenetic markers TP53, CDKN2A, and TP73 using the FISH technique. The clinical picture was inconsistant, the suspicion being completely different initially. Paraclinical examination and imaging initially suggested a metastasis to the insular lobe. After surgery, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations were the basis for the diagnosis. Despite the prognostic factors known so far in the literature, the aggressiveness denoted by multiple relapses and morphogenetic tests particularizes the case and improves the literature by bringing new information about this rare neoplasm of the central nervous system.
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Herrera-Oropeza GE, Angulo-Rojo C, Gástelum-López SA, Varela-Echavarría A, Hernández-Rosales M, Aviña-Padilla K. Glioblastoma multiforme: a multi-omics analysis of driver genes and tumour heterogeneity. Interface Focus 2021; 11:20200072. [PMID: 34123356 PMCID: PMC8193468 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2020.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and common brain cancer in adults with the lowest life expectancy. The current neuro-oncology practice has incorporated genes involved in key molecular events that drive GBM tumorigenesis as biomarkers to guide diagnosis and design treatment. This study summarizes findings describing the significant heterogeneity of GBM at the transcriptional and genomic levels, emphasizing 18 driver genes with clinical relevance. A pattern was identified fitting the stem cell model for GBM ontogenesis, with an upregulation profile for MGMT and downregulation for ATRX, H3F3A, TP53 and EGFR in the mesenchymal subtype. We also detected overexpression of EGFR, NES, VIM and TP53 in the classical subtype and of MKi67 and OLIG2 genes in the proneural subtype. Furthermore, we found a combination of the four biomarkers EGFR, NES, OLIG2 and VIM with a remarkable differential expression pattern which confers them a strong potential to determine the GBM molecular subtype. A unique distribution of somatic mutations was found for the young and adult population, particularly for genes related to DNA repair and chromatin remodelling, highlighting ATRX, MGMT and IDH1. Our results also revealed that highly lesioned genes undergo differential regulation with particular biological pathways for young patients. This multi-omic analysis will help delineate future strategies related to the use of these molecular markers for clinical decision-making in the medical routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Emilio Herrera-Oropeza
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico.,Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Carla Angulo-Rojo
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Santos Alberto Gástelum-López
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | | | | | - Katia Aviña-Padilla
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
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Wu L, Chang L, Wang H, Ma W, Peng Q, Yuan Y. Clinical significance of C/D box small nucleolar RNA U76 as an oncogene and a prognostic biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2018; 42:82-91. [PMID: 28578939 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence has suggested novel roles of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) in tumorigenicity. However, the roles of C/D box snoRNA U76 (SNORD76) in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unknown. Herein, we systematically evaluated dysregulation of snoRNAs in HCC and clarified the biomarker potential and biological significance of SNORD76 in HCC. METHODS We performed quantitative analyses of the expression of SNORD76 in 66 HCC specimens to compare its expression pattern between tumor tissue and matched non-tumor tissue. The effects of SNORD76 on HCC tumorigenicity were investigated in SK-Hep1 and Huh7 cells as well as in a xenograft nude mouse model. RESULTS SNORD76 expression was significantly upregulated in HCC tissues compared to corresponding non-tumor tissues. This upregulation of SNORD76 in HCC tumors was significantly associated with poorer patient survival. Furthermore, inhibiting SNORD76 expression suppressed cell proliferation by inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Low SNORD76 expression also resulted in decreased HCC growth in an animal model. Conversely, overexpressing SNORD76 promoted cell proliferation. SNORD76 increased HCC cell invasion by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Finally, we found that SNORD76 promoted HCC tumorigenicity through activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, we demonstrated for the first time that SNORD76 may function as a novel tumor promoter in HCC and may serve as a promising prognostic biomarker in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Lei Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Weijie Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Qin Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Yufeng Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169, Wuhan 430071, PR China.
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Belsuzarri TAB, Araujo JFM, Catanoce AP, Neves MWF, Sola RAS, Navarro JN, Brito LG, Silva NR, Pontelli LOC, Mattos LGA, Gonçales TF, Zeviani WM, Marques RMB. Giant cells glioblastoma: case report and pathological analysis from this uncommon subtype of glioma. Rare Tumors 2015; 7:5634. [PMID: 25918606 PMCID: PMC4387352 DOI: 10.4081/rt.2015.5634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common glial tumor of the brain system; nevertheless, the giant cell (GC) subtype is uncommon. Recent reviews report for an incidence of 1% in adults and 3% in children. The GCs usually have a better prognosis than GBM and also an increasing long-term survival rate. It is known that the diagnosis of this tumor is due to its histological findings and patterns, such as the unusual increased number of giant cells. Unfortunately, due to its rarity, the immunohistochemical and cytogenetical analysis of this tumor is not well known. Some authors also suggest that there are few subtypes of GCs and their patterns of aggressiveness could be due to cytogenetical markers. It is recognized that maximum safe resection treatment and adjuvant radiotherapy can improve survival rate (5-13 months) similar to GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telmo A B Belsuzarri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João F M Araujo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aguinaldo P Catanoce
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maick W F Neves
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A S Sola
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliano N Navarro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro G Brito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nilton R Silva
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Otavio C Pontelli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gustavo A Mattos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago F Gonçales
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wolnei M Zeviani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata M B Marques
- Department of Pathology, Maternity Hospital of Celso Pierro, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas , São Paulo, Brazil
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Oh T, Rutkowski MJ, Safaee M, Sun MZ, Sayegh ET, Bloch O, Tihan T, Parsa AT. Survival outcomes of giant cell glioblastoma: Institutional experience in the management of 20 patients. J Clin Neurosci 2014; 21:2129-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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7
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Naydenov E, Tzekov C, Minkin K, Nachev S, Romansky K, Bussarsky V. Long-term survival with primary glioblastoma multiforme: a clinical study in bulgarian patients. Case Rep Oncol 2011; 4:1-11. [PMID: 21537375 PMCID: PMC3085065 DOI: 10.1159/000323432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor with an extremely poor prognosis in spite of multimodal treatment approaches. The estimated median survival in cases with GBM is about 12–16 months. Those patients who survive =3 years after the initial diagnosis are defined as long-term survivors. In this study, we retrospectively analyze 50 consecutive cases of Bulgarian patients with newly diagnosed GBM surgically treated at our institution for a period of 1 year. Four of them survived for more than 36 months after the initial intervention. The histological re-examination revealed features typical of primary GBM in 3 of these cases, which are described in detail in the present paper. A brief review of the relevant literature is also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Naydenov
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital 'St. Ivan Rilski', Sofia, Bulgaria
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