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Abulafia O, Ashkenazi E, Epstein Y, Eliakim A, Nemet D. Characteristics of Vitamin D Concentration in Elite Israeli Olympic Athletes. Nutrients 2024; 16:2627. [PMID: 39203764 PMCID: PMC11357123 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency has been a growing concern in recent years. Vitamin D is important in many of the body's physiological systems, such as the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular and immune functions. A deficiency of vitamin D in athletes may negatively impact both muscle functions and recovery and, thus, affect performance and increase the risk of injury. Many studies assessed the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in athletes; however, as of today, there are no official recommendations/protocols for screening vitamin D levels in athletes, and only a few studies were performed in male and female elite athletes (i.e., Olympic level), in different sport disciplines. METHOD We investigated the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among athletes entering the Israeli Olympic team. A total of 761 samples of Vitamin D(OH)25 from 334 athletes were analyzed. For this analysis, we used the first test the athlete had performed when joining the Olympic team. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (<50 nmol/L, as defined by the Endocrine Society Committee) was investigated according to gender, types of sports and outdoor vs. indoor sports through the different seasons of the Israeli Olympic team athletes. RESULT Twenty-five athletes (7.5%) were diagnosed with vitamin D deficiency. One hundred and thirty-one athletes (39.2%) had insufficient levels of vitamin D (50-75 nmol/L). The highest incidence of vitamin D deficiency was found amongst gymnastics and combat sport athletes. A significant difference was also found in vitamin D concentration between seasons. Vitamin D average concentration in the winter was 74.1 nmol/L compared to 86.4 nmol/L in the Summer (p < 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS Due to the importance of vitamin D to athletic performance and the high prevalence of deficiency and insufficiency, we suggest careful and frequent monitoring of groups at risk, including elite athletes, especially in susceptible sports and during the winter. Future studies are necessary to investigate the effectiveness of Vitamin D supplementation in athletes with low baseline vitamin D levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ori Abulafia
- The Elite Sport Department of Israel, Wingate Institute, Netanya 4290200, Israel
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Elya Ashkenazi
- Department of Pediatrics, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba 4428164, Israel
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Yoram Epstein
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Sport Therapy, Ono Academic College, Kiryat Ono 3133801, Israel
| | - Alon Eliakim
- Department of Pediatrics, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba 4428164, Israel
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dan Nemet
- Department of Pediatrics, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba 4428164, Israel
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- The Medical Department, Olympic Committee of Israel, Tel Aviv 69706, Israel
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Fehlberg EA, Lucero RJ, Weaver MT, McDaniel AM, Chandler AM, Richey PA, Mion LC, Shorr RI. Associations between hyponatraemia, volume depletion and the risk of falls in US hospitalised patients: a case-control study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e017045. [PMID: 28790043 PMCID: PMC5724091 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine if abnormal laboratory values which may indicate volume depletion are associated with increased odds of experiencing a hospital-acquired fall. DESIGN Matched case-control study. SETTING Four hospitals located in the Southeast USA. PARTICIPANTS Data from 699 adult fallers and 1189 matched controls (non-fallers) were collected via chart review from 2005 to 2010. Controls were matched to cases by nursing unit, time of fall and length of stay. OUTCOME MEASURES The primary exposures included serum sodium, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, BUN/creatinine ratio and haematocrit. Conditional logistic regression with m:n matching was used to determine adjusted and unadjusted ORs. RESULTS Serum sodium levels were strongly associated with falls. In models controlling for demographic and other fall risk factors, patients with serum sodium levels of 125 mEq/L or less were associated with increased odds of experiencing a fall as compared with those with serum sodium levels of greater than 134 mEq/L (adjusted OR (aOR)=5.08, 95% CI 1.43 to 18.08). Conversely, elevated BUN, creatinine and elevated BUN/creatinine ratios were not associated with increased odds of experiencing a fall (aOR=0.64, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.84; aOR=0.70, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.92 and aOR=0.77, 95% CI 0.58 to 1.04, respectively.) CONCLUSIONS: Laboratory indices that may indicate volume depletion appear to be unrelated to falls. However, hyponatraemia does appear to be a risk factor for falls, and those with serum sodium levels below 126 mEq/L are at especially high risk. It may be that other deficits associated with hyponatraemia, like altered mental status, are associated with risk of experiencing a hospital-acquired fall. These results indicate that abnormal laboratory values, like low sodium, can be useful for identifying hospitalised patients at risk of falling. Therefore, further investigation into abnormal laboratory values as predictors of hospital-acquired falls is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Fehlberg
- Departments of Biobehavioral Nursing and Family, Community, and Health System Science, University of Florida College of Nursing, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Division of Research on Healthcare Value, Equity, and the Lifespan, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Robert J Lucero
- Departments of Biobehavioral Nursing and Family, Community, and Health System Science, University of Florida College of Nursing, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Center for Innovation on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (CINDRR), Malcom Randall VAMC, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michael T Weaver
- Departments of Biobehavioral Nursing and Family, Community, and Health System Science, University of Florida College of Nursing, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Anna M McDaniel
- Departments of Biobehavioral Nursing and Family, Community, and Health System Science, University of Florida College of Nursing, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Phyllis A Richey
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lorraine C Mion
- Center of Excellence in Critical and Complex Care, The Ohio State University College of Nursing, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ronald I Shorr
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Centers (GRECC), Malcom Randall VAMC, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Soiza RL, Cumming K, Clark AB, Bettencourt-Silva JH, Metcalf AK, Bowles KM, Potter JF, Myint PK. Hyponatremia predicts mortality after stroke. Int J Stroke 2015; 10 Suppl A100:50-5. [DOI: 10.1111/ijs.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Hyponatremia, the commonest electrolyte imbalance encountered in clinical practice, is associated with adverse outcomes. Despite this, understanding of the association between hyponatremia and stroke mortality outcome is limited. Aims To investigate the association between admission serum sodium and mortality at various time-points after stroke. Methods Cases of acute stroke admitted to Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital consecutively from January 2003 until June 2013 were included, with mortality outcomes ascertained until the end of December 2013. Odds ratios or hazards ratios for death were constructed for various time-points (within seven-days, 8-30 days, within one-year, and over full follow-up). Results There were 8540 participants included (47.4% male, mean age 77.3 (±12.0) years). Point prevalence of hypernatremia and hyponatremia were 3.3% and 13.8%, respectively. In fully adjusted models controlling for age, gender, prestroke modified Rankin score, stroke type, Oxford community stroke project class, and laboratory biochemical and hematological results, the odds ratio (up to one-year)/hazards ratio (for full follow-up) for the above time-points were 1.00, 1.11, 1.03, 1.05 for mild hyponatremia; 1.97, 0.78, 1.11, 1.2 for moderate hyponatremia; 3.31, 1.57, 2.45, 1.67 for severe hyponatremia; and 0.47, 1.23, 1.30, 1.10 for hypernatremia. When stratified by age groups, outcomes were poorer in younger hyponatremic patients (aged <75 years). Conclusion Hyponatremia is prevalent in acute stroke admissions and is independently associated with higher mortality in patients <75 years).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy L. Soiza
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
- School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Kirsten Cumming
- School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Allan B. Clark
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | | | - Anthony K. Metcalf
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
- Stroke Research Group, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - Kristian M. Bowles
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
- Stroke Research Group, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - John F. Potter
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
- Stroke Research Group, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - Phyo K. Myint
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
- School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
- Stroke Research Group, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
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