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Carballo I, Rabuñal N, Alvela L, Pérez LF, Vidal C, Alonso M, Sopeña B, Gude F, Gonzalez-Quintela A. Factors Influencing Serum Concentrations of Immunoglobulin D in the Adult Population: An Observational Study in Spain. Scand J Immunol 2017; 85:272-279. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Carballo
- Department of Internal Medicine; Complejo Hospitalario Universitario; University of Santiago de Compostela; Spain
| | - N. Rabuñal
- Department of Internal Medicine; Complejo Hospitalario Universitario; University of Santiago de Compostela; Spain
| | - L. Alvela
- Department of Internal Medicine; Complejo Hospitalario Universitario; University of Santiago de Compostela; Spain
| | - L.-F. Pérez
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry; Complejo Hospitalario Universitario; Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - C. Vidal
- Department of Allergy; Complejo Hospitalario Universitario; Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - M. Alonso
- Department of Internal Medicine; Complejo Hospitalario Universitario; University of Santiago de Compostela; Spain
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology; Complejo Hospitalario Universitario; Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - B. Sopeña
- Department of Internal Medicine; Complejo Hospitalario Universitario; University of Santiago de Compostela; Spain
| | - F. Gude
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology; Complejo Hospitalario Universitario; Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - A. Gonzalez-Quintela
- Department of Internal Medicine; Complejo Hospitalario Universitario; University of Santiago de Compostela; Spain
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2
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Rigante
- Institute of Pediatrics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
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3
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Abstract
Immunoglobulin D (IgD) has remained a mysterious antibody class for almost half a century. IgD was initially thought to be a recently evolved Ig isotype expressed only by some mammalian species, but recent discoveries in fishes and amphibians demonstrate that IgD was present in the ancestor of all jawed vertebrates and has important immunological functions. The structure of IgD has been very dynamic throughout evolution. Mammals can express IgD through alternative splicing and class switch recombination. Active cell-dependent and T-cell-independent IgM-to-IgD class switching takes place in a unique subset of human B cells from the upper aerodigestive mucosa, which provides a layer of mucosal protection by interacting with many pathogens and their virulence factors. Circulating IgD can bind to myeloid cells such as basophils and induce antimicrobial, inflammatory, and B-cell-stimulating factors upon cross-linking, which contributes to not only immune surveillance but also inflammation and tissue damage when this pathway is overactivated under pathological conditions. Recent research shows that IgD is an important immunomodulator that orchestrates an ancestral surveillance system at the interface between immunity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Chen
- Immunology Institute, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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4
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Overed-Sayer CL, Mosedale DE, Goodall M, Grainger DJ. Measurement of human serum IgD levels. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN IMMUNOLOGY 2009; Chapter 2:2.9B.1-2.9B.7. [PMID: 19347847 DOI: 10.1002/0471142735.im0209bs85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This unit describes an ELISA for the quantitative measurement of IgD levels in human serum. The ELISA is highly specific and sensitive, with a minimum detectable concentration of 30 pg/ml and more than 10,000-fold specificity for IgD over all other human immunoglobulins. Linear dilution characteristics enable measurement of IgD concentrations ranging over 5 orders of magnitude. These factors are vital for the IgD assay, since IgD makes up only a small proportion of the total immunoglobulins present in normal sera, and IgD serum concentrations are known to vary widely between individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Margaret Goodall
- Division of Immunity and Infection, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - David J Grainger
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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5
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Listì F, Candore G, Modica MA, Russo M, Di Lorenzo G, Esposito-Pellitteri M, Colonna-Romano G, Aquino A, Bulati M, Lio D, Franceschi C, Caruso C. A study of serum immunoglobulin levels in elderly persons that provides new insights into B cell immunosenescence. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1089:487-95. [PMID: 17261791 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1386.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The literature on immunosenescence has focused mainly on T cell impairment. With the aim of gaining insight into B cell immunosenescence, we investigated the serum immunoglobulin levels in a cohort of 166 subjects (20-106 years). Serum IgG (and IgG subclasses) were quantified by the nephelometric technique, IgE by CAP system fluorescence enzyme immunoassay, and IgD by radial immunodiffusion (RID). There was an age-related increase of IgG and IgA; the IgG age-related increase was significant only in men, but IgG1 levels showed an age-related increase both in men and women, whereas IgG3 showed an age-related increase only in men. IgE levels remain unchanged, whereas IgD and IgM serum levels decreased with age; the IgM age-related decrease was significant only in women, likely due to the relatively small sample of aged men. Thus, in the elderly the B cell repertoire available to respond to new antigenic challenge is decreased. A lot of memory IgD- B cells are filling immunological space and the amount of naïve IgD+ B cells is dramatically decreased. This shift away from a population of predominantly naïve B cells obviously reflects the influences of cumulative exposure to foreign pathogens over time. These age-dependent B cell changes indicate that advanced age is a condition characterized by lack of clonotypic immune response to new extracellular pathogens. In any event, the increase of memory B cells and the loss of naïve B cells, as measured by serum IgD levels, could represent hallmarks of immunosenescence and could provide useful biomarkers possibly related to the life span of humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florinda Listì
- Gruppo di Studio sull'Immunosenescenza, Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Metodologie Biomediche, Corso Tukory 211, 90134 Palermo, Italy
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6
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Colonna-Romano G, Aquino A, Bulati M, Di Lorenzo G, Listì F, Vitello S, Lio D, Candore G, Clesi G, Caruso C. Memory B cell subpopulations in the aged. Rejuvenation Res 2006; 9:149-52. [PMID: 16608412 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2006.9.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The literature on immunosenescence has focused mainly on T cell impairment. With the aim of gaining insight into B cell immunosenescence, the authors investigated the serum IgD levels in 24 young and 21 old people and analyzed their relationship with the number of CD19+CD27+ memory cells. Serum IgD were quantified by the use of radial immunodiffusion and the lymphocyte population CD19+CD27+ was identified by a FACScan flow cytometer. Serum IgD levels were significantly lower (p < 0.0001) in old subjects, and the percentage of CD19+CD27+ lymphocytes were significantly increased (p = 0.01) in old subjects. Finally, a significant negative correlation was found (p = 0.01) between serum concentrations of IgD and CD19+CD27+. The present results show that the levels of IgD are negatively age-related to the amount of B memory cells. This suggests that the B repertoire available to respond to new antigenic challenges is decreased in the elderly. In fact, many memory IgD- B cells fill immunologic space, and the number of naïve IgD+ B cells is dramatically decreased. Therefore, these preliminary results suggest that a decrease of naïve IgD+CD27- B cells and a concomitant increase of memory IgD-CD27+ B cells could represent hallmarks of B immunosenescence, might provide biomarkers related to the lifespan of humans, and could be useful for the evaluation of antiaging treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Colonna-Romano
- Gruppo di Studio sull'Immunosenescenza, Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Metodologie Biomediche, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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7
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Preud'homme JL, Petit I, Barra A, Morel F, Lecron JC, Lelièvre E. Structural and functional properties of membrane and secreted IgD. Mol Immunol 2000; 37:871-87. [PMID: 11282392 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-5890(01)00006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
More than 35 years ago, study of an unknown immunoglobulin (Ig) in the serum from a myeloma patient led to the discovery of IgD. Subsequently, the finding that it also exists as a membrane-bound Ig stimulated a large number of studies during the 70s. Then, the interest on IgD shrank, largely because of the lack of known function of secretory IgD (secIgD) and of a stagnating knowledge of the functions of surface IgD. In the recent years, very significant advances followed the tremendous accumulation of data on the physiology of the B cell receptor, of which IgD is the major component, on the role of secIgD in normal and diseased individuals. This review, which is focused on human IgD but integrates data in the mouse and other species when needed, summarizes present data on the structure, synthesis and functions of both membrane and secIgD, IgD receptors and the involvement of IgD in various diseases, especially the hyperIgD syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Preud'homme
- Immunology and Molecular Interactions (CNRS FRE 2224 - EA and IFR FR59), University Hospital and Faculty of Sciences, BP 577, 86021 Cedex, Poitiers, France.
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8
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Levan-Petit I, Cardonna J, Garcia M, Migeon J, Corbi C, Preud’homme JL, Lecron JC. Sensitive ELISA for Human Immunoglobulin D Measurement in Neonate, Infant, and Adult Sera. Clin Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/46.6.876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Levan-Petit
- Emsergmement Supérieur Associé Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 6031, IBMIG, Université de Poitiers, 40 Avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers Cedex, France
| | | | - Martine Garcia
- Emsergmement Supérieur Associé Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 6031, IBMIG, Université de Poitiers, 40 Avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Julien Migeon
- Emsergmement Supérieur Associé Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 6031, IBMIG, Université de Poitiers, 40 Avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Cécile Corbi
- Etablissement de Transfusion Sanguine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, BP 577, 86021 Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Louis Preud’homme
- Emsergmement Supérieur Associé Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 6031, IBMIG, Université de Poitiers, 40 Avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers Cedex, France
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie et Biochimie des Protéines
| | - Jean-Claude Lecron
- Emsergmement Supérieur Associé Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 6031, IBMIG, Université de Poitiers, 40 Avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers Cedex, France
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie et Biochimie des Protéines
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9
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Haraldsson A, Weemaes CM, Jónasdóttir S, Olafsson O, Van De Wiel G, Göertz J, Klasen I. Serum immunoglobulinD in infants and children. Scand J Immunol 2000; 51:415-8. [PMID: 10736115 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.2000.00702.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Serum immunoglobulinD (IgD) concentration is usually low in healthy individuals as compared to other immunoglobulin classes. Most studies on serum IgD are concerned with serum levels in healthy adults but reference values for young children and infants are not easily available. In order to establish age specific reference values we measured IgD levels in serum of 184 healthy Icelandic children, age 0-14 years and 60 healthy blood donors age 18-63, using the ELISA technique. Special attention was paid to the youngest age groups. Results showed low IgD values in infants and young children, gradually increasing until the age of 10 but then decreasing with age. We conclude that IgD gradually increases with age in childhood as other immunoglobulin classes but later declines. These findings can be of importance in revealing the function of IgD in the immune system as well as in the diagnosis of the hyper-IgD syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Haraldsson
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Reykjavík, Iceland
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10
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Vladutiu AO. Immunoglobulin D: properties, measurement, and clinical relevance. CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY 2000; 7:131-40. [PMID: 10702483 PMCID: PMC95839 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.7.2.131-140.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A O Vladutiu
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Medicine, SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Kaleida Health/Buffalo General Hospital, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA.
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