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Tsalas S, Petrou E, Tsantes AG, Sokou R, Loukopoulou E, Houhoula D, Mantzios PG, Kriebardis AG, Tsantes AE. Pathogen Reduction Technologies and Their Impact on Metabolic and Functional Properties of Treated Platelet Concentrates: A Systematic Review. Semin Thromb Hemost 2022. [PMID: 36252605 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Pathogen reduction technologies (PRTs) such as Mirasol and Intercept were developed to eliminate transfusion-transmitted infections. The impact of PRTs on platelet function during the storage period, their effect on platelet storage lesions, and the optimal storage duration following PRTs have not been clearly defined. The aim of this study was to systematically review the existing literature and investigate the impact of PRTs on functional alterations of PRT-treated platelets during the storage period. The authors identified 68 studies suitable to be included in this review. Despite the high heterogeneity in the literature, the results of the published studies indicate that PRTs may increase platelet metabolic activity, accelerate cell apoptosis, and enhance platelet activation, which can subsequently lead to a late exhaustion of activation potential and reduced aggregation response. However, these effects have a minor impact on platelet function during the early storage period and become more prominent beyond the fifth day of the storage period. Large in vivo trials are required to evaluate the effectiveness of PRT-treated platelets during the storage period and investigate whether their storage can be safely extended to more than 5 days, and up to the traditional 7-day storage period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Tsalas
- Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit, "Attiko" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Petrou
- Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit, "Attiko" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas G Tsantes
- Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit, "Attiko" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Rozeta Sokou
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Agios Panteleimon" General Hospital of Nikea, Nikea, Piraeus, Greece
| | - Electra Loukopoulou
- Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit, "Attiko" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra Houhoula
- Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit, "Attiko" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros G Mantzios
- Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit, "Attiko" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios G Kriebardis
- Laboratory of Reliability and Quality Control in Laboratory Hematology, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Health and Caring Science, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Argirios E Tsantes
- Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit, "Attiko" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Johnson L, Cameron M, Waters L, Padula MP, Marks DC. The impact of refrigerated storage of UVC pathogen inactivated platelet concentrates on in vitro
platelet quality parameters. Vox Sang 2018; 114:47-56. [DOI: 10.1111/vox.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lacey Johnson
- Research and Development; Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Mathew Cameron
- Research and Development; Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Sydney NSW Australia
- School of Life Sciences and Proteomics Core Facility; Faculty of Science; University of Technology Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Lauren Waters
- Research and Development; Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Sydney NSW Australia
- School of Life Sciences and Proteomics Core Facility; Faculty of Science; University of Technology Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Matthew P. Padula
- School of Life Sciences and Proteomics Core Facility; Faculty of Science; University of Technology Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Denese C. Marks
- Research and Development; Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Sydney NSW Australia
- Sydney Medical School; University of Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
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Bertaggia Calderara D, Crettaz D, Aliotta A, Barelli S, Tissot JD, Prudent M, Alberio L. Generation of procoagulant collagen- and thrombin-activated platelets in platelet concentrates derived from buffy coat: the role of processing, pathogen inactivation, and storage. Transfusion 2018; 58:2395-2406. [PMID: 30229925 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Collagen- and thrombin-activated (COAT) platelets (PLTs), generated by dual-agonist stimulation with collagen and thrombin (THR), enhance THR generation at the site of vessel wall injury. There is evidence that higher amounts of procoagulant COAT PLTs are associated with stroke, while a decreased ability to generate them is associated with bleeding diathesis. Our aim was to study PLT functions, particularly the ability to generate COAT PLTs, in PLT concentrates (PCs) from buffy coat. Thus, we investigated the effect of processing, pathogen inactivation treatment (amotosalen-UVA), and PC storage. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Two PCs from five donors each were pooled and split in two bags; one of them was pathogen inactivated and the other one was left untreated (n = 5). Flow cytometric analyses were performed immediately after PC preparation (Day 1) and thereafter on Days 2, 5, 7, and 9 in treated and untreated PCs to measure the reactivity of PLTs (CD62P and PAC-1), the content and secretion of dense granule after stimulation with different agonists, and the percentage of COAT PLTs after dual stimulation with convulxin (agonist of the collagen receptor GPVI) and THR. RESULTS Preparation of PCs resulted in a significant decrease of COAT PLTs and in an impaired response to adenosine 5'-diphosphate sodium (ADP). Storage further decreased ADP response. Minor differences were observed between untreated or amotosalen-UVA-treated PCs. CONCLUSION Preparation of PCs from buffy coats decreased the ability to generate COAT PLTs and impaired PLT response to ADP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Bertaggia Calderara
- Division of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Crettaz
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Produits Sanguins, Transfusion Interrégionale CRS, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Aliotta
- Division of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Faculté de Biologie et de Médecine, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Barelli
- Division of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Daniel Tissot
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Produits Sanguins, Transfusion Interrégionale CRS, Epalinges, Switzerland.,Faculté de Biologie et de Médecine, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel Prudent
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Produits Sanguins, Transfusion Interrégionale CRS, Epalinges, Switzerland.,Faculté de Biologie et de Médecine, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Alberio
- Division of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Faculté de Biologie et de Médecine, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Pathogen-Inaktivierungssysteme für Thrombozytenkonzentrate. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2018; 61:874-893. [PMID: 29931520 PMCID: PMC7079973 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-018-2766-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Stivala S, Gobbato S, Infanti L, Reiner MF, Bonetti N, Meyer SC, Camici GG, Lüscher TF, Buser A, Beer JH. Amotosalen/ultraviolet A pathogen inactivation technology reduces platelet activatability, induces apoptosis and accelerates clearance. Haematologica 2017; 102:1650-1660. [PMID: 28729303 PMCID: PMC5622849 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.164137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Amotosalen and ultraviolet A (UVA) photochemical-based pathogen reduction using the Intercept™ Blood System (IBS) is an effective and established technology for platelet and plasma components, which is adopted in more than 40 countries worldwide. Several reports point towards a reduced platelet function after Amotosalen/UVA exposure. The study herein was undertaken to identify the mechanisms responsible for the early impairment of platelet function by the IBS. Twenty-five platelet apheresis units were collected from healthy volunteers following standard procedures and split into 2 components, 1 untreated and the other treated with Amotosalen/UVA. Platelet impedance aggregation in response to collagen and thrombin was reduced by 80% and 60%, respectively, in IBS-treated units at day 1 of storage. Glycoprotein Ib (GpIb) levels were significantly lower in IBS samples and soluble glycocalicin correspondingly augmented; furthermore, GpIbα was significantly more desialylated as shown by Erythrina Cristagalli Lectin (ECL) binding. The pro-apoptotic Bak protein was significantly increased, as well as the MAPK p38 phosphorylation and caspase-3 cleavage. Stored IBS-treated platelets injected into immune-deficient nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice showed a faster clearance. We conclude that the IBS induces platelet p38 activation, GpIb shedding and platelet apoptosis through a caspase-dependent mechanism, thus reducing platelet function and survival. These mechanisms are of relevance in transfusion medicine, where the IBS increases patient safety at the expense of platelet function and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Stivala
- Laboratory for Platelet Research, Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baden, Switzerland
| | - Sara Gobbato
- Laboratory for Platelet Research, Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baden, Switzerland
| | - Laura Infanti
- Regional Blood Transfusion Service of the Swiss Red Cross, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin F Reiner
- Laboratory for Platelet Research, Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baden, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Bonetti
- Laboratory for Platelet Research, Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baden, Switzerland
| | - Sara C Meyer
- Division of Hematology and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Buser
- Regional Blood Transfusion Service of the Swiss Red Cross, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jürg H Beer
- Laboratory for Platelet Research, Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland .,Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baden, Switzerland
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Magron A, Laugier J, Provost P, Boilard E. Pathogen reduction technologies: The pros and cons for platelet transfusion. Platelets 2017; 29:2-8. [PMID: 28523956 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2017.1306046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The transfusion of platelets is essential for diverse pathological conditions associated with thrombocytopenia or platelet disorders. To maintain optimal platelet quality and functions, platelets are stored as platelet concentrates (PCs) at room temperature under continuous agitation-conditions that are permissive for microbial proliferation. In order to reduce these contaminants, pathogen reduction technologies (PRTs) were developed by the pharmaceutical industry and subsequently implemented by blood banks. PRTs rely on chemically induced cross-linking and inactivation of nucleic acids. These technologies were initially introduced for the treatment of plasma and, more recently, for PCs given the absence of a nucleus in platelets. Several studies verified the effectiveness of PRTs to inactivate a broad array of bacteria, viruses, and parasites. However, the safety of PRT-treated platelets has been questioned in other studies, which focused on the impact of PRTs on platelet quality and functions. In this article, we review the literature regarding PRTs, and present the advantages and disadvantages related to their application in platelet transfusion medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Magron
- a Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec , Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie , Québec , QC , Canada
| | - Jonathan Laugier
- a Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec , Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie , Québec , QC , Canada
| | - Patrick Provost
- a Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec , Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie , Québec , QC , Canada
| | - Eric Boilard
- a Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec , Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie , Québec , QC , Canada
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Tynngård N, Trinks M, Berlin G. In vitro function of platelets treated with ultraviolet C light for pathogen inactivation: a comparative study with nonirradiated and gamma-irradiated platelets. Transfusion 2014; 55:1169-77. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nahreen Tynngård
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
- Department of Clinical Chemistry; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| | - Marie Trinks
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| | - Gösta Berlin
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
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In vitro evaluation of pathogen-inactivated buffy coat-derived platelet concentrates during storage: psoralen-based photochemical treatment step-by-step. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2014; 13:255-64. [PMID: 25369598 DOI: 10.2450/2014.0082-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Intercept Blood SystemTM (Cerus) is used to inactivate pathogens in platelet concentrates (PC). The aim of this study was to elucidate the extent to which the Intercept treatment modifies the functional properties of platelets. MATERIAL AND METHODS A two-arm study was conducted initially to compare buffy coat-derived pathogen-inactivated PC to untreated PC (n=5) throughout storage. A four-arm study was then designed to evaluate the contribution of the compound adsorbing device (CAD) and ultraviolet (UV) illumination to the changes observed upon Intercept treatment. Intercept-treated PC, CAD-incubated PC, and UV-illuminated PC were compared to untreated PC (n=5). Functional characteristics were assessed using flow cytometry, hypotonic shock response (HSR), aggregation, adhesion assays and flow cytometry for the detection of CD62P, CD42b, GPIIb-IIIa, phosphatidylserine exposure and JC-1 aggregates. RESULTS Compared to fresh platelets, end-of-storage platelets exhibited greater passive activation, disruption of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δψm), and phosphatidylserine exposure accompanied by a decreased capacity to respond to agonist-induced aggregation, lower HSR, and CD42b expression. The Intercept treatment resulted in significantly lower HSR and CD42b expression compared to controls on day 7, with no significant changes in CD62P, Δψm, or phosphatidylserine exposure. GPIIbIIIa expression was significantly increased in Intercept-treated platelets throughout the storage period. The agonist-induced aggregation response was highly dependent on the type and concentration of agonist used, indicating a minor effect of the Intercept treatment. The CAD and UV steps alone had a negligible effect on platelet aggregation. DISCUSSION The Intercept treatment moderately affects platelet function in vitro. CAD and UV illumination alone make negligible contributions to the changes in aggregation observed in Intercept-treated PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. C. Marks
- Research and Development; Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - H. M. Faddy
- Research and Development; Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - L. Johnson
- Research and Development; Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Sydney New South Wales Australia
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10
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Hechler B, Ohlmann P, Chafey P, Ravanat C, Eckly A, Maurer E, Mangin P, Isola H, Cazenave JP, Gachet C. Preserved functional and biochemical characteristics of platelet components prepared with amotosalen and ultraviolet A for pathogen inactivation. Transfusion 2013; 53:1187-200. [PMID: 23067365 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2012.03923.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet concentrate (PC) functionality decreases during storage. This is referred to as the storage lesion. Pathogen inactivation may accelerate or induce lesions, potentially accounting for reduced viability. Our aim was to characterize functional and biochemical properties of platelets (PLTs) from photochemically treated buffy-coat PCs (PCT-PCs) compared to those from conventional PCs. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Four PCT-PCs and four conventional PCs were stored for 6.5 days and PLT function and proteomic profiles were examined at various time points during storage. To evaluate their intrinsic properties, samples of stored PLTs were taken, washed, and suspended in Tyrode's buffer before testing. RESULTS PLT counts and morphology were conserved although a slight increase in the PLT volume was observed after PCT. Glycoprotein (GP) IIbIIIa, IaIIa, and VI expression remained stable while GPIbα declined similarly in both types of PCs. A steep decrease (50%) in GPV occurred on Day 1.5 in PCT-PCs and Day 2.5 in control PCs. For both PCT- and control PCs, P-selectin expression and activated GPIIbIIIa remained low during storage. PCT- and control PCs were fully responsive to aggregation agonists up to Day 4.5 and exhibited similar perfusion functionality. Mitochondrial membrane potential and annexin A5 binding of PCT-PCs and control PCs were comparable. Two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry profiles for 1882 protein spots revealed only three proteins selectively changed in PCT-PCs compared to control-PCs. CONCLUSION Washed treated and untreated PCs have similar functional, morphologic, and proteomic characteristics provided that PLTs are suspended in an appropriate medium during testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Hechler
- INSERM, UMR_S949, Université de Strasbourg, Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace (EFS-Alsace), Strasbourg, France
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Johnson L, Loh YS, Kwok M, Marks DC. In vitroassessment of buffy-coat derived platelet components suspended in SSP+ treated with the INTERCEPT Blood system. Transfus Med 2013; 23:121-9. [DOI: 10.1111/tme.12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Johnson
- Research and Development; Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Sydney; Australia
| | - Y. S. Loh
- Research and Development; Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Sydney; Australia
| | - M. Kwok
- Research and Development; Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Sydney; Australia
| | - D. C. Marks
- Research and Development; Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Sydney; Australia
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Proteomic analysis of Intercept-treated platelets. J Proteomics 2012; 76 Spec No.:316-28. [PMID: 22813878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the past decades, transfusion medicine has been driven by the quest for increased safety against transfusion-transmitted infections, mainly by better donor selection and by the development of improved serological and nucleic-acid-based screening assays. Recently, pathogen reduction technologies became available and started to be implemented in several countries, with the primary goal to fight against bacterial contamination of blood products, a rare but dramatic event against which there was no definitive measure. Though pathogen reduction technologies represent a quantum leap in transfusion safety, the biomedical efficacy of platelet concentrates (PCs) treated with various pathogen reduction techniques has been recently questioned by clinical studies. Here, a gel-based proteomic analysis of PCs (n=5), Intercept-treated or untreated, from pooled buffy-coat (10 donors per PC) at Days 1, 2 and 8, shows that the Intercept process that is the most widespread pathogen reduction technique to date, has relatively low impact on the proteome of treated platelets: the process induces modifications of DJ-1 protein, glutaredoxin 5, and G(i)alpha 2 protein. As for the impact of storage, chloride intracellular channel protein 4 (CLIC4) and actin increased independently of Intercept treatment during storage. Whereas alteration of the DJ-1 protein and glutaredoxin 5 points out an oxidative stress-associated lesion, modification of G(i)alpha2 directly connects a possible Intercept-associated lesion to haemostatic properties of Intercept-treated platelets. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Integrated omics.
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Picker SM, Tauszig ME, Gathof BS. Cell quality of apheresis-derived platelets treated with riboflavin-ultraviolet light after resuspension in platelet additive solution. Transfusion 2011; 52:510-6. [PMID: 21981030 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03323.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we evaluated the Mirasol pathogen reduction technology (PRT) system on platelet (PLT) function before resuspension. We now evaluated this system in the presence of PLT additive solution (PAS). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Double-dose PLTs (n = 15) were generated using a commercially available apheresis system (Trima, Version 5.2, CaridianBCT) allowing for the resuspension in SSP+ (MacoPharma) immediately after collection. Paired units (n = 30) were PRT treated (M) or remained untreated (C) and analyzed for metabolism (pH, pO(2) , glucose, lactate, adenosine triphosphate [ATP]), swirl, hypotonic shock response (HSR), turbidometric aggregation, CD62P expression, annexin A5 and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, mitochondrial enzymatic reduction activity (MTS), transmembrane mitochondrial potential (Δψ), and surface coverage (SC) during shear-induced adhesion throughout 8 days of storage. RESULTS As seen previously, PRT treatment of PLT units, containing a mean of 3.9 × 10(11) ± 0.3 × 10(11) PLTs in 397 ± 10 mL with a 32% to 34% plasma carryover, was associated with significantly (p < 0.001) increased cell activation, acidity, and glycolytic flux. PRT treatment appeared to up regulate both oxidative pathway and adhesional properties as evidenced by significantly higher MTS reduction, oxygen consumption, and shear-induced SC on Day 1 (p ≤ 0.016). While no significant differences were found for LDH release and ATP content (except for Day 8), M units were significantly inferior (p ≤ 0.021) for aggregation (TRAP-6); for Δψ and annexin A5 release (by Day 5); and for swirl, HSR, and MTS reduction (by Day 7). CONCLUSION PRT treatment in the presence of PAS was comparable to PRT treatment before resuspension preserving ATP content and mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne M Picker
- Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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15
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Marschner S, Goodrich R. Pathogen Reduction Technology Treatment of Platelets, Plasma and Whole Blood Using Riboflavin and UV Light. Transfus Med Hemother 2011; 38:8-18. [PMID: 21779202 PMCID: PMC3132976 DOI: 10.1159/000324160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial contamination and emerging infections combined with increased international travel pose a great risk to the safety of the blood supply. Tests to detect the presence of infection in a donor have a 'window period' during which infections cannot be detected but the donor may be infectious. Agents and their transmission routes need to be recognized before specific tests can be developed. Pathogen reduction of blood components represents a means to address these concerns and is a proactive approach for the prevention of transfusion-transmitted diseases. The expectation of a pathogen reduction system is that it achieves high enough levels of pathogen reduction to reduce or prevent the likelihood of disease transmission while preserving adequate cell and protein quality. In addition the system needs to be non-toxic, non-mutagenic and should be simple to use. The Mirasol® Pathogen Reduction Technology (PRT) System for Platelets and Plasma uses riboflavin (vitamin B2) plus UV light to induce damage in nucleic acid-containing agents. The system has been shown to be effective against clinically relevant pathogens and inactivates leukocytes without significantly compromising the efficacy of the product or resulting in product loss. Riboflavin is a naturally occurring vitamin with a well-known and well-characterized safety profile. The same methodology is currently under development for the treatment of whole blood, making pathogen reduction of all blood products using one system achievable. This review gives an overview of the Mirasol PRT System, summarizing the mechanism of action, toxicology profile, pathogen reduction performance and clinical efficacy of the process.
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Schlenke P, Sibrowski W. As for the Past, as for 2010. Transfus Med Hemother 2010; 37:5-6. [PMID: 20737010 PMCID: PMC2914402 DOI: 10.1159/000279152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schlenke
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital Münster, Germany
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