Heterotopic Pancreatic Tissue of the Stomach: Report of Three Cases and Consideration of Its Histogenesis

A Case of Myoepithelial Hamartoma: Morphological Variation Supported by OCT4 Expression

In this report, we describe a patient with myoepithelial hamartoma, which is regarded as synonymous with adenomyosis and heterotopic pancreas. Endoscopy revealed a submucosal tumor in the antrum of the stomach. Subsequently, distal gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction was performed. Histological findings of adenomyomatous lesion and heterotopic pancreatic tissue were observed in this lesion. The distribution of OCT4, which is a pluripotency marker, varied in each part.

Pancreatic and gastric heterotopic tissue presenting as a symptomatic gallbladder mass: A case report and literature review

Pancreatic and gastric heterotopia is an uncommon congenital anomaly in which gastric and/or pancreatic tissue is found outside of its anatomic location. In the majority of patients, lesions are found incidentally because they tend to be asymptomatic. However, lesions may become symptomatic when inflammation, obstruction, and bleeding occurs. Depending on tissue size and location they can harvest a landscape of nonspecific symptoms, causing a delay in diagnosis. Heterotopic tissue of either gastric or pancreatic origin have been reported in literature, however the presence of combined gastric and pancreatic heterotopic tissue is exceedingly rare. We report a case of an 18-year-old female with polypoid gastric and pancreatic heterotopia and focal intestinal metaplasia of the gallbladder with clinical findings of acute cholecystitis. In this literature review, we synthesize the clinical significance, histopathological features, diagnosis and management of pancreatic and gastric heterotopic tissue.

Heterotopic pancreatic tissue of the stomach leading to gastric diverticulum and upper gastro-intestinal bleeding

Heterotopic pancreatic tissue of the stomach is a rare condition. Gastric diverticulum is also a rare condition, mostly located at the fornix. Therefore, the existence of a pyloric gastric diverticulum containing a submucosal tumor proved to be heterotopic pancreatic tissue of the stomach is an extremely rare condition. The patient was a young thin male with epigastralgia chronically treated for gastritis/ulcer. Following an episode of melena, he underwent gastroscopy that diagnosed antral gastric diverticulum containing a polyp. The lesion was surgically removed. The pathology report stated: heterotopic pancreatic tissue of the stomach with secondary development of a traction diverticulum. Heterotopic pancreas tissue of the stomach is a rare condition but the association with gastric diverticulum is completely unusual. The possibility of the ectopic tissue leading to secondary diverticulum development should be considered.

Histopathological study using computer database of 10 000 consecutive gastric specimens: (1) benign conditions

Using a computer database, the author investigated the histopathology of 10 000 consecutive gastric specimens, taken in the last 12 years (2002–2013) at the pathology laboratory of a Japanese hospital. Re-observation of the already examined histological sections was done when the histological diagnosis and findings on the computer data base were not very obvious. The gastric specimens were identified as 8579 benign conditions and 1421 malignant lesions. The 8579 benign conditions were comprised almost normal stomach in 74 cases (0.9%), chronic gastritis in 4374 (51.0%), benign gastric peptic ulcer in 2195 (25.6%), foveolar hyperplastic polyp in 1004 (11.7%), fundic gland polyp in 421 (4.9%), adenoma in 487 (5.6%), heterotopic pancreas in 9 (0.1%), pancreatic acinar metaplasia (PAM) in 8 (0.1%), and amyloidosis in 7 (0.1%). Chronic gastritis showed lymphocytic infiltration and frequently showed erosions and intestinal metaplasia. Gastric peptic ulcer showed exudate, necrosis, active inflammation, and regenerative atypia of the epithelium. Foveolar hyperplastic polyp revealed 23 malignant changes and frequently showed dysplastic glands and intestinal metaplasia. Fundic gland polyp demonstrated cystic dilations of fundic gland ducts. Gastric adenoma showed adenomatous proliferation in the superficial mucosa and cystic dilation of the epithelium under the adenoma. Heterotopic pancreas was located in the submucosa and consisted of acinar cells, ducts, and occasionally islets. PAM was a tiny lesion in the mucosa and consisted of only pancreatic acinar cells. Amyloidosis was primary amyloidosis with positive reaction with Congo-red stain.

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the oesophagus: an unusual case of dysphagia

We report the case of a 58-year-old woman presenting with dysphagia secondary to an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm arising from a heterotopic pancreas in the oesophageal wall. This was successfully treated with a laparoscopic/thoracoscopic ivor Lewis oesophagectomy. Dysphagia is the most common symptom of oesophageal tumours regardless of aetiology of the tumour and can be treated successfully with surgical resection. Through an extensive search of the literature, we found that a heterotopic pancreas in the oesophagus is extremely rare with only ten cases being reported. We describe what we believe to be the first case of a heterotopic pancreas in the oesophagus transforming into an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm.