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Borroto-Escuela D, Serrano-Castro P, Sánchez-Pérez JA, Barbancho-Fernández MA, Fuxe K, Narváez M. Enhanced neuronal survival and BDNF elevation via long-term co-activation of galanin 2 (GALR2) and neuropeptide Y1 receptors (NPY1R): potential therapeutic targets for major depressive disorder. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2024; 28:295-308. [PMID: 38622072 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2024.2342517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a prevalent and debilitating condition, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies due to the limited efficacy and adverse effects of current treatments. We explored how galanin receptor 2 (GALR2) and Neuropeptide Y1 Receptor (NPYY1R) agonists, working together, can boost brain cell growth and increase antidepressant-like effects in rats. This suggests new ways to treat Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a controlled laboratory setting, adult naive Sprague-Dawley rats were administered directly into the brain's ventricles, a method known as intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration, with GALR2 agonist (M1145), NPYY1R agonist, both, or in combination with a GALR2 antagonist (M871). Main outcome measures included long-term neuronal survival, differentiation, and behavioral. RESULTS Co-administration of M1145 and NPYY1R agonist significantly enhanced neuronal survival and maturation in the ventral dentate gyrus, with a notable increase in Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) expression. This neurogenic effect was associated with an antidepressant-like effect, an outcome partially reversed by M871. CONCLUSIONS GALR2 and NPYY1R agonists jointly promote hippocampal neurogenesis and exert antidepressant-like effects in rats without adverse outcomes, highlighting their therapeutic potential for MDD. The study's reliance on an animal model and intracerebroventricular delivery warrants further clinical exploration to confirm these promising results.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Male
- Rats
- Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology
- Antidepressive Agents/administration & dosage
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Depressive Disorder, Major/drug therapy
- Depressive Disorder, Major/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Neurons/drug effects
- Neurons/metabolism
- Peptides
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Galanin, Type 2/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
- Receptors, Neuropeptide
- Receptors, Neuropeptide Y/metabolism
- Receptors, Neuropeptide Y/antagonists & inhibitors
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasiel Borroto-Escuela
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Receptomics and Brain Disorders Lab, Edificio Lopez-Peñalver, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Pedro Serrano-Castro
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, NeuronLab, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Unit of Neurology, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Vithas Málaga, Vithas Málaga, Grupo Hospitalario Vithas, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jose Andrés Sánchez-Pérez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, NeuronLab, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Unit of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manuel Narváez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, NeuronLab, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Unit of Neurology, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Vithas Málaga, Vithas Málaga, Grupo Hospitalario Vithas, Málaga, Spain
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2
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Bale R, Doshi G. Cross talk about the role of Neuropeptide Y in CNS disorders and diseases. Neuropeptides 2023; 102:102388. [PMID: 37918268 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2023.102388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
A peptide composed of a 36 amino acid called Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is employed in a variety of physiological processes to manage and treat conditions affecting the endocrine, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, and neurological systems. NPY naturally binds to G-protein coupled receptors, activating the Y-receptors (Y1-Y5 and y6). The findings on numerous therapeutic applications of NPY for CNS disease are presented in this review by the authors. New targets for treating diseases will be revealed by medication combinations that target NPY and its receptors. This review is mainly focused on disorders such as anxiety, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Machado Joseph disease, multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia, depression, migraine, alcohol use disorder, and substance use disorder. The findings from the preclinical studies and clinical studies covered in this article may help create efficient therapeutic plans to treat neurological conditions on the one hand and psychiatric disorders on the other. They may also open the door to the creation of novel NPY receptor ligands as medications to treat these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwari Bale
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V L M Road, Vile Parle (w), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Gaurav Doshi
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V L M Road, Vile Parle (w), Mumbai 400056, India.
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3
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Sánchez ML, Rodríguez FD, Coveñas R. Neuropeptide Y Peptide Family and Cancer: Antitumor Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9962. [PMID: 37373115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently available data on the involvement of neuropeptide Y (NPY), peptide YY (PYY), and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and their receptors (YRs) in cancer are updated. The structure and dynamics of YRs and their intracellular signaling pathways are also studied. The roles played by these peptides in 22 different cancer types are reviewed (e.g., breast cancer, colorectal cancer, Ewing sarcoma, liver cancer, melanoma, neuroblastoma, pancreatic cancer, pheochromocytoma, and prostate cancer). YRs could be used as cancer diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. A high Y1R expression has been correlated with lymph node metastasis, advanced stages, and perineural invasion; an increased Y5R expression with survival and tumor growth; and a high serum NPY level with relapse, metastasis, and poor survival. YRs mediate tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis; YR antagonists block the previous actions and promote the death of cancer cells. NPY favors tumor cell growth, migration, and metastasis and promotes angiogenesis in some tumors (e.g., breast cancer, colorectal cancer, neuroblastoma, pancreatic cancer), whereas in others it exerts an antitumor effect (e.g., cholangiocarcinoma, Ewing sarcoma, liver cancer). PYY or its fragments block tumor cell growth, migration, and invasion in breast, colorectal, esophageal, liver, pancreatic, and prostate cancer. Current data show the peptidergic system's high potential for cancer diagnosis, treatment, and support using Y2R/Y5R antagonists and NPY or PYY agonists as promising antitumor therapeutic strategies. Some important research lines to be developed in the future will also be suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Lisardo Sánchez
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla and León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Francisco D Rodríguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
- Group GIR-USAL: BMD (Bases Moleculares del Desarrollo), University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rafael Coveñas
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla and León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
- Group GIR-USAL: BMD (Bases Moleculares del Desarrollo), University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
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4
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Khalifa M, Fayed RH, Sedik AA, Khalil HMA. Dose-dependent toxic effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in male rats: Focus on behavioral alterations and inducing TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 468:116515. [PMID: 37061009 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Di -(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a widely used phthalate that possesses a public health concern. Different concentrations of DEHP, including 50, 300, and 750 mg/kg, were administrated orally for 28 days in male rats. Body weight and vital organs weight were measured as well as anxiety-like behavior, short and long-term memory were investigated. Brain inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, TLR4, NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL1-6, were assessed. Brain caspase-3, neuropeptide-Y (NPY), and brain histopathology were also evaluated. DEHP triggers the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines via inducing the nuclear translocation of the signaling pathway; TLR 4/ NF-κB leads to cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration, which is confirmed by the impaired brain architecture. Also, DEHP upgrades the expression levels of brain caspase-3 and NPY. In conclusion, exposure to high doses of DEHP persuades great toxicity visualized by behavioral, biochemical, and histological impairments when compared to the low dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhasen Khalifa
- Veterinary Hygiene and Management Department, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - R H Fayed
- Veterinary Hygiene and Management Department, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt.
| | - Ahmad A Sedik
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Center, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Heba M A Khalil
- Veterinary Hygiene and Management Department, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
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5
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Alvarez‐Contino JE, Díaz‐Sánchez E, Mirchandani‐Duque M, Sánchez‐Pérez JA, Barbancho MA, López‐Salas A, García‐Casares N, Fuxe K, Borroto‐Escuela DO, Narváez M. GALR2 and Y1R agonists intranasal infusion enhanced adult ventral hippocampal neurogenesis and antidepressant-like effects involving BDNF actions. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:459-474. [PMID: 36599082 PMCID: PMC10952952 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis is linked to major depressive disorder (MDD), with more than 300 million people diagnosed and worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic. Accumulating evidence for neuropeptide Y (NPY) and galanin (GAL) interaction was shown in various limbic system regions at molecular-, cellular-, and behavioral-specific levels. The purpose of the current work was to evaluate the proliferating role of GAL2 receptor (GALR2) and Y1R agonists interaction upon intranasal infusion in the ventral hippocampus. We studied their hippocampal proliferating actions using the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) on neuroblasts or stem cells and the expression of the brain-derived neurothrophic factor (BDNF). Moreover, we studied the formation of Y1R-GALR2 heteroreceptor complexes and analyzed morphological changes in hippocampal neuronal cells. Finally, the functional outcome of the NPY and GAL interaction on the ventral hippocampus was evaluated in the forced swimming test. We demonstrated that the intranasal infusion of GALR2 and the Y1R agonists promotes neuroblasts proliferation in the dentate gyrus of the ventral hippocampus and the induction of the neurotrophic factor BDNF. These effects were mediated by the increased formation of Y1R-GALR2 heteroreceptor complexes, which may mediate the neurites outgrowth observed on neuronal hippocampal cells. Importantly, BDNF action was found necessary for the antidepressant-like effects after GALR2 and the Y1R agonists intranasal administration. Our data may suggest the translational development of new heterobivalent agonist pharmacophores acting on Y1R-GALR2 heterocomplexes in the ventral hippocampus for the novel therapy of MDD or depressive-affecting diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Erik Alvarez‐Contino
- Laboratorio NeuronLab, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MálagaMalagaSpain
| | - Estela Díaz‐Sánchez
- Laboratorio NeuronLab, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MálagaMalagaSpain
- Grupo Hospitalario VithasVithas MálagaMálagaSpain
| | - Marina Mirchandani‐Duque
- Laboratorio NeuronLab, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MálagaMalagaSpain
| | - Jose Andrés Sánchez‐Pérez
- Unit of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de MálagaHospital Universitario Virgen de la VictoriaMálagaSpain
| | - Miguel A. Barbancho
- Laboratorio NeuronLab, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MálagaMalagaSpain
| | - Alexander López‐Salas
- Laboratorio NeuronLab, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MálagaMalagaSpain
| | - Natalia García‐Casares
- Laboratorio NeuronLab, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MálagaMalagaSpain
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of NeuroscienceKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Dasiel O. Borroto‐Escuela
- Laboratorio NeuronLab, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MálagaMalagaSpain
- Department of NeuroscienceKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Section of PhysiologyUniversity of UrbinoUrbinoItaly
| | - Manuel Narváez
- Laboratorio NeuronLab, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MálagaMalagaSpain
- Grupo Hospitalario VithasVithas MálagaMálagaSpain
- Department of NeuroscienceKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
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6
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Palanivel V, Gupta V, Mirshahvaladi SSO, Sharma S, Gupta V, Chitranshi N, Mirzaei M, Graham SL, Basavarajappa D. Neuroprotective Effects of Neuropeptide Y on Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells in Glutamate Excitotoxicity and ER Stress Conditions. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223665. [PMID: 36429093 PMCID: PMC9688085 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a sympathetic neurotransmitter, is involved in various physiological functions, and its dysregulation is implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases. Glutamate excitotoxicity, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and oxidative stress are the common mechanisms associated with numerous neurodegenerative illnesses. The present study aimed to elucidate the protective effects of NPY against glutamate toxicity and tunicamycin-induced ER stress in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line. We exposed the SH-SY5Y cells to glutamate and tunicamycin for two different time points and analyzed the protective effects of NPY at different concentrations. The protective effects of NPY treatments were assessed by cell viability assay, and the signalling pathway changes were evaluated by biochemical techniques such as Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays. Our results showed that treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with NPY significantly increased the viability of the cells in both glutamate toxicity and ER stress conditions. NPY treatments significantly attenuated the glutamate-induced pro-apoptotic activation of ERK1/2 and JNK/BAD pathways. The protective effects of NPY were further evident against tunicamycin-induced ER stress. NPY treatments significantly suppressed the ER stress activation by downregulating BiP, phospho-eIF2α, and CHOP expression. In addition, NPY alleviated the Akt/FoxO3a pathway in acute oxidative conditions caused by glutamate and tunicamycin in SH-SY5Y cells. Our results demonstrated that NPY is neuroprotective against glutamate-induced cell toxicity and tunicamycin-induced ER stress through anti-apoptotic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswanthram Palanivel
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (D.B.)
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Seyed Shahab Oddin Mirshahvaladi
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Samridhi Sharma
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Veer Gupta
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Stuart L Graham
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Devaraj Basavarajappa
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (D.B.)
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7
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Silva S, Kurrikoff K, Langel Ü, Almeida AJ, Vale N. A Second Life for MAP, a Model Amphipathic Peptide. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8322. [PMID: 35955457 PMCID: PMC9368858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPP) have been shown to be efficient in the transport of cargoes into the cells, namely siRNA and DNA, proteins and peptides, and in some cases, small therapeutics. These peptides have emerged as a solution to increase drug concentrations in different tissues and various cell types, therefore having a relevant therapeutic relevance which led to clinical trials. One of them, MAP, is a model amphipathic peptide with an α-helical conformation and both hydrophilic and hydrophobic residues in opposite sides of the helix. It is composed of a mixture of alanines, leucines, and lysines (KLALKLALKALKAALKLA). The CPP MAP has the ability to translocate oligonucleotides, peptides and small proteins. However, taking advantage of its unique properties, in recent years innovative concepts were developed, such as in silico studies of modelling with receptors, coupling and repurposing drugs in the central nervous system and oncology, or involving the construction of dual-drug delivery systems using nanoparticles. In addition to designs of MAP-linked vehicles and strategies to achieve highly effective yet less toxic chemotherapy, this review will be focused on unique molecular structure and how it determines its cellular activity, and also intends to address the most recent and frankly motivating issues for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Silva
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Kaido Kurrikoff
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (K.K.); (Ü.L.)
| | - Ülo Langel
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (K.K.); (Ü.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - António J. Almeida
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Nuno Vale
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, s/n, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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8
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Mirchandani-Duque M, Barbancho MA, López-Salas A, Alvarez-Contino JE, García-Casares N, Fuxe K, Borroto-Escuela DO, Narváez M. Galanin and Neuropeptide Y Interaction Enhances Proliferation of Granule Precursor Cells and Expression of Neuroprotective Factors in the Rat Hippocampus with Consequent Augmented Spatial Memory. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1297. [PMID: 35740319 PMCID: PMC9219743 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of hippocampal neurogenesis is linked to several neurodegenereative diseases, where boosting hippocampal neurogenesis in these patients emerges as a potential therapeutic approach. Accumulating evidence for a neuropeptide Y (NPY) and galanin (GAL) interaction was shown in various limbic system regions at molecular-, cellular-, and behavioral-specific levels. The purpose of the current work was to evaluate the role of the NPY and GAL interaction in the neurogenic actions on the dorsal hippocampus. We studied the Y1R agonist and GAL effects on: hippocampal cell proliferation through the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), the expression of neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic factors, and the survival of neurons and neurite outgrowth on hippocampal neuronal cells. The functional outcome was evaluated in the object-in-place task. We demonstrated that the Y1R agonist and GAL promote cell proliferation and the induction of neuroprotective factors. These effects were mediated by the interaction of NPYY1 (Y1R) and GAL2 (GALR2) receptors, which mediate the increased survival and neurites' outgrowth observed on neuronal hippocampal cells. These cellular effects are linked to the improved spatial-memory effects after the Y1R agonist and GAL co-injection at 24 h in the object-in-place task. Our results suggest the development of heterobivalent agonist pharmacophores, targeting Y1R-GALR2 heterocomplexes, therefore acting on the neuronal precursor cells of the DG in the dorsal hippocampus for the novel therapy of neurodegenerative cognitive-affecting diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Mirchandani-Duque
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (M.M.-D.); (M.A.B.); (A.L.-S.); (J.E.A.-C.); (N.G.-C.)
| | - Miguel A. Barbancho
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (M.M.-D.); (M.A.B.); (A.L.-S.); (J.E.A.-C.); (N.G.-C.)
| | - Alexander López-Salas
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (M.M.-D.); (M.A.B.); (A.L.-S.); (J.E.A.-C.); (N.G.-C.)
| | - Jose Erik Alvarez-Contino
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (M.M.-D.); (M.A.B.); (A.L.-S.); (J.E.A.-C.); (N.G.-C.)
| | - Natalia García-Casares
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (M.M.-D.); (M.A.B.); (A.L.-S.); (J.E.A.-C.); (N.G.-C.)
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Dasiel O. Borroto-Escuela
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (M.M.-D.); (M.A.B.); (A.L.-S.); (J.E.A.-C.); (N.G.-C.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Section of Physiology, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Manuel Narváez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (M.M.-D.); (M.A.B.); (A.L.-S.); (J.E.A.-C.); (N.G.-C.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
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9
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Development of Neuropeptide Y and Cell-Penetrating Peptide MAP Adsorbed onto Lipid Nanoparticle Surface. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092734. [PMID: 35566093 PMCID: PMC9101637 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Functionalization of nanoparticles surfaces have been widely used to improve diagnostic and therapeutic biological outcome. Several methods can be applied to modify nanoparticle surface; however, in this article we focus toward a simple and less time-consuming method. We applied an adsorption method on already formulated nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) to functionalize these nanoparticles with three distinct peptides sequences. We selected a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP), a lysine modified model amphipathic peptide (Lys(N3)-MAP), CPP/drug complex, and the neuropeptide Y. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of several parameters such as peptide concentration, different types of NLC, different types of peptides, and incubation medium on the physicochemical proprieties of NLC and determine if adsorption occurs. The preliminary results from zeta potential analysis indicate some evidence that this method was successful in adsorbing three types of peptides onto NLC. Several non-covalent interactions appear to be involved in peptide adsorption with the possibility of three adsorption peptide hypothesis that may occur with NLC in solution. Moreover, and for the first time, in silico docking analysis demonstrated strong interaction between CPP MAP and NPY Y1 receptor with high score values when compared to standard antagonist and NPY.
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10
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Sunkaria A, Bhardwaj S. Sleep Disturbance and Alzheimer's Disease: The Glial Connection. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1799-1815. [PMID: 35303225 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03578-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Poor quality and quantity of sleep are very common in elderly people throughout the world. Growing evidence has suggested that sleep disturbances could accelerate the process of neurodegeneration. Recent reports have shown a positive correlation between sleep deprivation and amyloid-β (Aβ)/tau aggregation in the brain of Alzheimer's patients. Glial cells have long been implicated in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and recent findings have also suggested their role in regulating sleep homeostasis. However, how glial cells control the sleep-wake balance and exactly how disturbed sleep may act as a trigger for Alzheimer's or other neurological disorders have recently gotten attention. In an attempt to connect the dots, the present review has highlighted the role of glia-derived sleep regulatory molecules in AD pathogenesis. Role of glia in sleep disturbance and Alzheimer's progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Sunkaria
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
| | - Supriya Bhardwaj
- Department of Dermatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
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11
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Domin H. Neuropeptide Y Y2 and Y5 receptors as potential targets for neuroprotective and antidepressant therapies: Evidence from preclinical studies. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 111:110349. [PMID: 33991587 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There is currently no effective treatment either for neurological illnesses (ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases) or psychiatric disorders (depression), in which the Glu/GABA balance is disturbed and accompanied by significant excitotoxicity. Therefore, the search for new and effective therapeutic strategies is imperative for these disorders. Studies conducted over the last several years indicate that the neuropeptide Y (NPY)-ergic system may be a potential therapeutic target for neuroprotective or antidepressant compounds. This review focuses on the neuroprotective roles of Y2 and Y5 receptors (YRs) in neurological disorders such as ischemia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and in psychiatric disorders such as depression. It summarizes current knowledge on the possible mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective or antidepressant-like actions of Y2R and Y5R ligands. The review also discusses ligands acting at Y2R and Y5R and their limitations as in vivo pharmacological tools. The results from the preclinical studies discussed here may be useful in developing effective therapeutic strategies to treat neurological diseases on the one hand and psychiatric disorders on the other, and may pave the way for the development of novel Y2R and Y5R ligands as candidate drugs for the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Domin
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, 31-343 Kraków, 12 Smętna Street, Poland.
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12
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Zhang Y, Liu CY, Chen WC, Shi YC, Wang CM, Lin S, He HF. Regulation of neuropeptide Y in body microenvironments and its potential application in therapies: a review. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:151. [PMID: 34344469 PMCID: PMC8330085 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00657-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY), one of the most abundant neuropeptides in the body, is widely expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems and acts on the cardiovascular, digestive, endocrine, and nervous systems. NPY affects the nutritional and inflammatory microenvironments through its interaction with immune cells, brain-derived trophic factor (BDNF), and angiogenesis promotion to maintain body homeostasis. Additionally, NPY has great potential for therapeutic applications against various diseases, especially as an adjuvant therapy for stem cells. In this review, we discuss the research progress regarding NPY, as well as the current evidence for the regulation of NPY in each microenvironment, and provide prospects for further research on related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Chu-Yun Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Wei-Can Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Yan-Chuan Shi
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Cong-Mei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China. .,Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia. .,Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - He-Fan He
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China.
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13
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Patthy Á, Murai J, Hanics J, Pintér A, Zahola P, Hökfelt TGM, Harkany T, Alpár A. Neuropathology of the Brainstem to Mechanistically Understand and to Treat Alzheimer's Disease. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10081555. [PMID: 33917176 PMCID: PMC8067882 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder as yet without effective therapy. Symptoms of this disorder typically reflect cortical malfunction with local neurohistopathology, which biased investigators to search for focal triggers and molecular mechanisms. Cortex, however, receives massive afferents from caudal brain structures, which do not only convey specific information but powerfully tune ensemble activity. Moreover, there is evidence that the start of AD is subcortical. The brainstem harbors monoamine systems, which establish a dense innervation in both allo- and neocortex. Monoaminergic synapses can co-release neuropeptides either by precisely terminating on cortical neurons or, when being “en passant”, can instigate local volume transmission. Especially due to its early damage, malfunction of the ascending monoaminergic system emerges as an early sign and possible trigger of AD. This review summarizes the involvement and cascaded impairment of brainstem monoaminergic neurons in AD and discusses cellular mechanisms that lead to their dysfunction. We highlight the significance and therapeutic challenges of transmitter co-release in ascending activating system, describe the role and changes of local connections and distant afferents of brainstem nuclei in AD, and summon the rapidly increasing diagnostic window during the last few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágoston Patthy
- Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.P.); (J.M.); (J.H.); (A.P.); (P.Z.)
| | - János Murai
- Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.P.); (J.M.); (J.H.); (A.P.); (P.Z.)
| | - János Hanics
- Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.P.); (J.M.); (J.H.); (A.P.); (P.Z.)
- SE NAP Research Group of Experimental Neuroanatomy and Developmental Biology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Pintér
- Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.P.); (J.M.); (J.H.); (A.P.); (P.Z.)
| | - Péter Zahola
- Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.P.); (J.M.); (J.H.); (A.P.); (P.Z.)
| | - Tomas G. M. Hökfelt
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum 7D, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.G.M.H.); (T.H.)
| | - Tibor Harkany
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum 7D, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.G.M.H.); (T.H.)
- Center for Brain Research, Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alán Alpár
- Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.P.); (J.M.); (J.H.); (A.P.); (P.Z.)
- SE NAP Research Group of Experimental Neuroanatomy and Developmental Biology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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14
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Gao F, Wu J, Zhou Y, Huang J, Lu J, Qian Y. An appropriate ratio of unsaturated fatty acids is the constituent of hickory nut extract for neurite outgrowth in human SH-SY5Y cells. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:6346-6356. [PMID: 33312521 PMCID: PMC7723209 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hickory nuts (Carya cathayensis Sarg, CCS), a well-known Chinese medicinal nut, is thought to improve memory in Chinese folks. However, functional constituents have not been scientifically identified. In this study, human SH-SY5Y cells, combined with Q-TOF mass spectrometry (Q-TOF-MS) and standard substances, were used to evaluate the function in neuronal development and to identify constituents of CCS hydrophobic extracts (CCS-HE). Data showed that CCS-HE but not the control induced neurite outgrowth of SH-SY5Y cells in a dose-dependent manner, supported by which CCS-HE induced the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF), neurofilament 160 (NF160), and neuronal peptide Y (NPY) mRNA. Q-TOF-MS analysis with standard substances indicated that linolenic acid (LNA), linoleic acid (LA), and oleic acid (OA) were the main constituents in CCS-HE. Furthermore, mixtures of these unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) at the natural ratio (1:8:16) significantly induced neurite outgrowth and gene expression of NGF, NF160, and NPY in a dose-dependent manner. However, the individual and alternative ratios were not effective to induce the neurite outgrowth and gene expression of NGF, NF160, and NPY. These data implicate that an appropriate ratio of UFAs is the main constituent for the neurite outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine UnitSchool of Forestry and BiotechnologyZhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine UnitSchool of Forestry and BiotechnologyZhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yu Zhou
- Traditional Chinese Medicine UnitSchool of Forestry and BiotechnologyZhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jianqin Huang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine UnitSchool of Forestry and BiotechnologyZhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jidong Lu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine UnitSchool of Forestry and BiotechnologyZhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yongchang Qian
- Traditional Chinese Medicine UnitSchool of Forestry and BiotechnologyZhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhouChina
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15
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Li X, Zhan Z, Zhang J, Zhou F, An L. β-Hydroxybutyrate Ameliorates Aβ-Induced Downregulation of TrkA Expression by Inhibiting HDAC1/3 in SH-SY5Y Cells. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2020; 35:1533317519883496. [PMID: 31648544 PMCID: PMC10624091 DOI: 10.1177/1533317519883496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase receptor A (TrkA) plays an important role in the protection of cholinergic neurons in Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study was designed to investigate whether β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), an endogenous histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, upregulates the expression of TrkA by affecting histone acetylation in SH-SY5Y cells treated with amyloid β-protein (Aβ). The results showed that BHB ameliorated the reduction of cell vitality and downregulation of TrkA expression induced by Aβ. Furthermore, BHB inhibited the upregulation of HDAC1/2/3 expression and downregulation of histone acetylation (Ace-H3K9 and Ace-H4K12) levels in Aβ-treated cells. The expression of TrkA was upregulated in HDAC1- or 3-silenced SH-SY5Y cells. However, there was no significant difference in TrkA expression between the HDAC2 knockdown and control cells. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that BHB protects against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. The underlying mechanism of the effect may be associated with the upregulation of TrkA expression by inhibiting HDAC1/3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jingzhu Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fuyuan Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li An
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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16
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Li C, Wu X, Liu S, Zhao Y, Zhu J, Liu K. Roles of Neuropeptide Y in Neurodegenerative and Neuroimmune Diseases. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:869. [PMID: 31481869 PMCID: PMC6710390 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator that mainly exists in the nervous system. It plays a neuroprotective role in organisms and widely participates in the regulation of various physiological processes in vivo. Studies in both humans and animal models have been revealed that NPY levels are altered in some neurodegenerative and neuroimmune disorders. NPY plays various roles in these diseases, such as exerting a neuroprotective effect, increasing trophic support, decreasing excitotoxicity, regulating calcium homeostasis, and attenuating neuroinflammation. In this review, we will focus on the roles of NPY in the pathological mechanisms of neurodegenerative and neuroimmune diseases, highlighting NPY as a potential therapeutic target in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrong Li
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiujuan Wu
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kangding Liu
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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17
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Li LX, Liu MY, Jiang X, Xia ZH, Wang YX, An D, Wang HG, Heng B, Liu YQ. Metformin inhibits Aβ 25-35 -induced apoptotic cell death in SH-SY5Y cells. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 125:439-449. [PMID: 31220411 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metformin, a first-line drug for type-2 diabetes, plays a potentially protective role in preventing Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its underlying mechanism is unclear. In this study, Aβ25-35 -treated SH-SY5Y cells were used as a cell model of AD to investigate the neuroprotective effect of metformin, as well as its underlying mechanisms. We found that metformin decreased the cell apoptosis rate and death, ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, and expression of NR2A and NR2B, and increased the expression of LC3 in Aβ25-35 -treated SH-SY5Y cells. Metformin also reduced intracellular and extracellular Glu concentrations, as well as the intracellular concentration of Ca2+ and ROS in Aβ25-35 -treated SH-SY5Y cells. These findings suggest that metformin inhibits Aβ25-35 -treated SH-SY5Y cell death by inhibiting apoptosis, decreasing intracellular Ca2+ and ROS by reducing neurotoxicity of excitatory amino acids, and by possibly reversing autophagy disorder via regulating autophagy process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xia Li
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng-Yu Liu
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen-Hong Xia
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Wang
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Di An
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong-Gang Wang
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Heng
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-Qiang Liu
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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18
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Chen XY, Du YF, Chen L. Neuropeptides Exert Neuroprotective Effects in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 11:493. [PMID: 30687008 PMCID: PMC6336706 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive deficits and neuronal loss. Deposition of beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ) causes neurotoxicity through the formation of plaques in brains of Alzheimer's disease. Numerous studies have indicated that the neuropeptides including ghrelin, neurotensin, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), neuropeptide Y, substance P and orexin are closely related to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. The levels of neuropeptides and their receptors change in Alzheimer's disease. These neuropeptides exert neuroprotective roles mainly through preventing Aβ accumulation, increasing neuronal glucose transport, increasing the production of neurotrophins, inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy, modulating potassium channel activity and hippocampal long-term potentiation. Therefore, the neuropeptides may function as potential drug targets in the prevention and cure of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Neurology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yi-Feng Du
- Department of Neurology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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19
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Martín-Láez R, Valle-San Román N, Rodríguez-Rodríguez E, Marco-de Lucas E, Berciano Blanco J, Vázquez-Barquero A. Current concepts on the pathophysiology of idiopathic chronic adult hydrocephalus: Are we facing another neurodegenerative disease? NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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20
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Ye H, Li H, Gao Z. Copper Binding Induces Nitration of NPY under Nitrative Stress: Complicating the Role of NPY in Alzheimer's Disease. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:904-913. [PMID: 30079723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36 amino acid peptide that regulates a multitude of physiological functions in the central nervous system and has been shown to be involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD). A change in copper homeostasis is a remarkable feature of AD, and the dysregulation may contribute to toxicity in neural cells. Moreover, it has been shown that copper could interact with many neuropeptides and result in catalyzing the production of reactive oxygen species, which may lead to peptide oxidation. Besides, copper could also catalyze protein tyrosine nitration under oxidative stress, and there are two tyrosine residues playing an important role in NPY. Therefore, it is also likely that copper has an action on NPY and potentially influences its functions through tyrosine nitration. In this paper, the studies of the interaction of copper with NPY and the copper-catalyzed NPY nitration were performed. The electrochemical techniques, UV-vis spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and fluorescence titration, have been applied to show that copper can interact with NPY to form a Cu-NPY complex with a conditional dissociation constant of 0.021 μmol/L, and the binding promotes the generation of •OH. Dot blotting results reveal that NPY can be nitrated upon binding with copper under nitrative stress. Furthermore, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) identify that the tyrosine residues in NPY are all nitrated during the nitration process, which will cause the inactivation of NPY shown by our previous study. This study supports the hypothesis that copper has a close correlation with NPY and implicates the peptide in AD. These data may provide a new insight into understanding the pathology and pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixian Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hailing Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghong Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
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21
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Ye H, Yang Z, Li H, Gao Z. NPY binds with heme to form a NPY–heme complex: enhancing peroxidase activity in free heme and promoting NPY nitration and inactivation. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:10315-10323. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01822c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
NPY binding with heme enhances the peroxidase activity of free heme, resulting in the important tyrosine nitration, which will attenuate its bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixian Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074
- People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Houston
- Houston
- USA
| | - Hailing Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074
- People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica
| | - Zhonghong Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074
- People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica
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22
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Martín-Láez R, Valle-San Román N, Rodríguez-Rodríguez EM, Marco-de Lucas E, Berciano Blanco JA, Vázquez-Barquero A. Current concepts on the pathophysiology of idiopathic chronic adult hydrocephalus: Are we facing another neurodegenerative disease? Neurologia 2016; 33:449-458. [PMID: 27296497 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since its description five decades ago, the pathophysiology of idiopathic chronic adult hydrocephalus (iCAH) has been traditionally related to the effect that ventricular dilatation exerts on the structures surrounding the ventricular system. However, altered cerebral blood flow, especially a reduction in the CSF turnover rate, are starting to be considered the main pathophysiological elements of this disease. DEVELOPMENT Compression of the pyramidal tract, the frontostriatal and frontoreticular circuits, and the paraventricular fibres of the superior longitudinal fasciculus have all been reported in iCAH. At the level of the corpus callosum, gliosis replaces a number of commissural tracts. Cerebral blood flow is also altered, showing a periventricular watershed region limited by the subependymal arteries and the perforating branches of the major arteries of the anterior cerebral circulation. The CSF turnover rate is decreased by 75%, leading to the reduced clearance of neurotoxins and the interruption of neuroendocrine and paracrine signalling in the CSF. CONCLUSIONS iCAH presents as a complex nosological entity, in which the effects of subcortical microangiopathy and reduced CSF turnover play a key role. According to its pathophysiology, it is simpler to think of iCAH more as a neurodegenerative disease, such as Alzheimer disease or Binswanger disease than as the classical concept of hydrocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Martín-Láez
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario «Marqués de Valdecilla», Santander, Cantabria, España.
| | - N Valle-San Román
- Servicio de Radiología, Hospital Universitario «Marqués de Valdecilla», Santander, Cantabria, España
| | - E M Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario «Marqués de Valdecilla», Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IDIVAL, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, España
| | - E Marco-de Lucas
- Servicio de Radiología, Hospital Universitario «Marqués de Valdecilla», Santander, Cantabria, España
| | - J A Berciano Blanco
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario «Marqués de Valdecilla», Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IDIVAL, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, España
| | - A Vázquez-Barquero
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario «Marqués de Valdecilla», Santander, Cantabria, España
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Treatment with the neurotoxic Aβ (25-35) peptide modulates the expression of neuroprotective factors Pin1, Sirtuin 1, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:271-6. [PMID: 26915812 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The deposition of Amyloid β peptide plaques is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The Aβ (25-35) peptide is regarded as the toxic fragment of full-length Aβ (1-42). The mechanism of its toxicity is not completely understood, along with its contribution to AD pathological processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the neurotoxic Aβ (25-35) peptide on the expression of the neuroprotective factors Pin1, Sirtuin1, and Bdnf in human neuroblastoma cells. Levels of Pin1, Sirtuin 1, and Bdnf were compared by real-time PCR and Western blotting in SH-SY5Y cells treated with Aβ (25-35) or administration vehicle. The level of Pin1 gene and protein expression was significantly decreased in cells exposed to 25 μM Aβ (25-35) compared to vehicle-treated controls. Similarly, Sirtuin1 expression was significantly reduced by Aβ (25-35) exposure. In contrast, both Bdnf mRNA and protein levels were significantly increased by Aβ (25-35) treatment, suggesting the activation of a compensatory response to the insult. Both Pin1 and Sirtuin 1 exert a protective role by reducing the probability of plaque deposition, since they promote amyloid precursor protein processing through non-amyloidogenic pathways. The present results show that Aβ (25-35) peptide reduced the production of these neuroprotective proteins, thus further increasing Aβ generation.
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Abstract
Stress is defined as an adverse condition that disturbs the homeostasis of the body and activates adaptation responses. Among the many pathways and mediators involved, neuropeptide Y (NPY) stands out due to its unique stress-relieving, anxiolytic and neuroprotective properties. Stress exposure alters the biosynthesis of NPY in distinct brain regions, the magnitude and direction of this effect varying with the duration and type of stress. NPY is expressed in particular neurons of the brainstem, hypothalamus and limbic system, which explains why NPY has an impact on stress-related changes in emotional-affective behaviour and feeding as well as on stress coping. The biological actions of NPY in mammals are mediated by the Y1, Y2, Y4 and Y5 receptors, Y1 receptor stimulation being anxiolytic whereas Y2 receptor activation is anxiogenic. Emerging evidence attributes NPY a role in stress resilience, the ability to cope with stress. Thus there is a negative correlation between stress-induced behavioural disruption and cerebral NPY expression in animal models of post-traumatic stress disorder. Exogenous NPY prevents the negative consequences of stress, and polymorphisms of the NPY gene are predictive of impaired stress processing and increased risk of neuropsychiatric diseases. Stress is also a factor contributing to, and resulting from, neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's disease, in which NPY appears to play an important neuroprotective role. This review summarizes the evidence for an implication of NPY in stress-related and neurodegenerative pathologies and addresses the cerebral NPY system as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Reichmann
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Peter Holzer
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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Spencer B, Potkar R, Metcalf J, Thrin I, Adame A, Rockenstein E, Masliah E. Systemic Central Nervous System (CNS)-targeted Delivery of Neuropeptide Y (NPY) Reduces Neurodegeneration and Increases Neural Precursor Cell Proliferation in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer Disease. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:1905-1920. [PMID: 26620558 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.678185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is one of the most abundant protein transmitters in the central nervous system with roles in a variety of biological functions including: food intake, cardiovascular regulation, cognition, seizure activity, circadian rhythms, and neurogenesis. Reduced NPY and NPY receptor expression is associated with numerous neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer disease (AD). To determine whether replacement of NPY could ameliorate some of the neurodegenerative and behavioral pathology associated with AD, we generated a lentiviral vector expressing NPY fused to a brain transport peptide (apoB) for widespread CNS delivery in an APP-transgenic (tg) mouse model of AD. The recombinant NPY-apoB effectively reversed neurodegenerative pathology and behavioral deficits although it had no effect on accumulation of Aβ. The subgranular zone of the hippocampus showed a significant increase in proliferation of neural precursor cells without further differentiation into neurons. The neuroprotective and neurogenic effects of NPY-apoB appeared to involve signaling via ERK and Akt through the NPY R1 and NPY R2 receptors. Thus, widespread CNS-targeted delivery of NPY appears to be effective at reversing the neuronal and glial pathology associated with Aβ accumulation while also increasing NPC proliferation. Overall, increased delivery of NPY to the CNS for AD might be an effective therapy especially if combined with an anti-Aβ therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeff Metcalf
- From the Departments of Neuroscience and; Pathology, University of California, San Diego, California 92102
| | - Ivy Thrin
- From the Departments of Neuroscience and
| | | | | | - Eliezer Masliah
- From the Departments of Neuroscience and; Pathology, University of California, San Diego, California 92102.
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Croce N, Mathé AA, Gelfo F, Caltagirone C, Bernardini S, Angelucci F. Effects of lithium and valproic acid on BDNF protein and gene expression in an in vitro human neuron-like model of degeneration. J Psychopharmacol 2014; 28:964-72. [PMID: 24699060 DOI: 10.1177/0269881114529379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
One of the common effects of lithium (Li) and valproic acid (VPA) is their ability to protect against excitotoxic insults. Neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases may be also associated with altered trophic support of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), the most widely distributed neurotrophin in the central nervous system. However, despite these evidences, the effect of Li-VPA combination on BDNF after excitoxic insult has been inadequately investigated. We address this issue by exposing a human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) to neurotoxic concentration of L-glutamate and exploring whether the neuroprotective action of Li-VPA on these cells is associated with changes in BDNF protein and mRNA levels. The results showed that pre-incubation of Li-VPA abolished the toxic effect of glutamate on SH-SY5Y cell survival and this neuroprotective effect was associated with increased synthesis and mRNA expression of BDNF after 24 and 48 h of incubation. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the neuroprotective effects of Li-VPA against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells is associated with increased synthesis and mRNA expression of BDNF. These data further support the idea that these two drugs can be used for prevention and/or treatment of glutamate-related neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Croce
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy Department of Internal Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Aleksander A Mathé
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesca Gelfo
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy Department of Systemic Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy Department of Systemic Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
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27
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Lazcano Z, Solis O, Bringas ME, Limón D, Diaz A, Espinosa B, García-Peláez I, Flores G, Guevara J. Unilateral injection of Aβ25-35in the hippocampus reduces the number of dendritic spines in hyperglycemic rats. Synapse 2014; 68:585-594. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.21770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zayda Lazcano
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría; Instituto de Fisiología Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; Puebla México
| | - Oscar Solis
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría; Instituto de Fisiología Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; Puebla México
| | - María Elena Bringas
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría; Instituto de Fisiología Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; Puebla México
| | - Daniel Limón
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; Puebla México
| | - Alfonso Diaz
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; Puebla México
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas; Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía; Ciudad de México Distrito Federal México
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Ciudad de México Distrito Federal México
| | - Blanca Espinosa
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias; Ciudad de México Distrito Federal México
| | - Isabel García-Peláez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Ciudad de México Distrito Federal México
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría; Instituto de Fisiología Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; Puebla México
| | - Jorge Guevara
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Ciudad de México Distrito Federal México
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Imanieh MH, Bagheri F, Alizadeh AM, Ashkani-Esfahani S. Oxytocin has therapeutic effects on cancer, a hypothesis. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 741:112-23. [PMID: 25094035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) is the first peptide hormone structurally assessed and chemically synthesized in biologically active form. This hormone acts as an important factor in a human reproductive system particularly during pregnancy and lactation in women. So far, different therapeutic roles for OT have been identified as a spectrum from central and peripheral actions on male and female reproductive systems, circulatory system, musculoskeletal system, etc. Some in vitro and in vivo studies also revealed that OT is responsible for bivariate biological functions involved in cancer as following. By activating OT receptor in tumoral cells, OT enacts as a growth regulator, whether activator or inhibitor. Regarding the increase of OT in some conditions such as breastfeeding, exercise, and multiparity, we can relate the effect of these conditions on cancer with OT effects. Based on this hypothesis, we present a review on the effects of this neuropeptide on various types of cancer and also the influence of these conditions on the same cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fereshte Bagheri
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Alizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 1419733141, Tehran, Iran.
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29
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Angelucci F, Gelfo F, Fiore M, Croce N, Mathé AA, Bernardini S, Caltagirone C. The effect of neuropeptide Y on cell survival and neurotrophin expression in in-vitro models of Alzheimer's disease. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 92:621-30. [PMID: 25026432 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a disorder characterized by the accumulation of abnormally folded protein fragments in neurons, i.e., β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau protein, leading to cell death. Several neuropeptides present in the central nervous system (CNS) are believed to be involved in the pathophysiology of AD. Among them, neuropeptide Y (NPY), a small peptide widely distributed throughout the brain, has generated interest because of its role in neuroprotection against excitotoxicity in animal models of AD. In addition, it has been shown that NPY modulates neurogenesis. Interestingly, these latter effects are similar to those elicited by neurotrophins, which are critical molecules for the function and survival of neurons that degenerate during the course of AD. In this review we summarize the evidence for the involvement of NPY and neurotrophins in AD pathogenesis, and the similarity between them in CNS neurons. Finally, we recapitulate our recent in-vitro evidence for the involvement of neurotrophin nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the neuroprotective effect elicited by NPY in AD neuron-like models (neuroblastoma cells or primary cultures exposed to toxic concentrations of Aβ's pathogenic fragment 25-35), and propose a putative mechanism based on NPY-induced inhibition of voltage-dependent Ca(2+) influx in pre- and post-synaptic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Angelucci
- a Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 354, 00142 Rome, Italy
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30
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Potential therapeutic effects of neurotrophins for acute and chronic neurological diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:601084. [PMID: 24818146 PMCID: PMC4000962 DOI: 10.1155/2014/601084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The neurotrophins (NTs) nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), NT-3, and NT-4/5 are proteins that regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival in both the developing and mature central nervous system (CNS) by binding to two receptor classes, Trk receptors and p75 NTR. Motivated by the broad growth- and survival-promoting effects of these proteins, numerous studies have attempted to use exogenous NTs to prevent the death of cells that are associated with neurological disease or promote the regeneration of severed axons caused by mechanical injury. Indeed, such neurotrophic effects have been repeatedly demonstrated in animal models of stroke, nerve injury, and neurodegenerative disease. However, limitations, including the short biological half-lives and poor blood-brain permeability of these proteins, prevent routine application from treating human disease. In this report, we reviewed evidence for the neuroprotective efficacy of NTs in animal models, highlighting outstanding technical challenges and discussing more recent attempts to harness the neuroprotective capacity of endogenous NTs using small molecule inducers and cell transplantation.
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31
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Zhou F, Xu Y, Hou XY. MLK3-MKK3/6-P38MAPK cascades following N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation contributes to amyloid-β peptide-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. J Neurosci Res 2014; 92:808-17. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation; Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Xuzhou Medical College; Jiangsu China
- School of Nursing; Xuzhou Medical College; Jiangsu China
| | - Yan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation; Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Xuzhou Medical College; Jiangsu China
| | - Xiao-Yu Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation; Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Xuzhou Medical College; Jiangsu China
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32
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Angelucci F, Ricci V, Gelfo F, Martinotti G, Brunetti M, Sepede G, Signorelli M, Aguglia E, Pettorruso M, Vellante F, Di Giannantonio M, Caltagirone C. BDNF serum levels in subjects developing or not post-traumatic stress disorder after trauma exposure. Brain Cogn 2013; 84:118-22. [PMID: 24362070 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a syndrome resulting from exposure to a severe traumatic event that poses threatened death or injury and produces intense fear and helplessness. The neural structures implicated in PTSD development belong to the limbic system, an important region for emotional processing. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin that serves as survival factor for selected populations of central nervous system (CNS) neurons and plays a role in the limbic system by regulating synaptic plasticity, memory processes and behavior. Impaired BDNF production in the brain can lead to a variety of CNS dysfunctions including symptoms associated with PTSD. However, so far fewer studies have investigated this neurotrophin in patients with PTSD. Furthermore, given the multiple role of BDNF in various CNS disorders, it cannot be excluded that traumatic events per se may influence neurotrophin levels, without a direct association to the PTSD syndrome. To elucidate these issues, in this study we analyzed BDNF serum levels in two groups of subjects: patients with trauma exposure who developed PTSD, and subjects with trauma exposure who did not develop PTSD. We found that BDNF serum levels were lower in PTSD patients as compared to related control subjects. Thus, these data suggest that BDNF might be involved in pathophysiology of PTSD and consequently therapeutic approaches aimed at restoring BDNF serum levels may be beneficial to this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Angelucci
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, 00179 Rome, Italy.
| | - Valerio Ricci
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Gelfo
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinotti
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Marcella Brunetti
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Gianna Sepede
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Federica Vellante
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Caltagirone
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, 00179 Rome, Italy
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Neuropeptide Y receptors activation protects rat retinal neural cells against necrotic and apoptotic cell death induced by glutamate. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e636. [PMID: 23681231 PMCID: PMC3674367 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
It has been claimed that glutamate excitotoxicity might have a role in the pathogenesis of several retinal degenerative diseases, including glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has neuroprotective properties against excitotoxicity in the hippocampus, through the activation of Y1, Y2 and/or Y5 receptors. The principal objective of this study is to investigate the potential protective role of NPY against glutamate-induced toxicity in rat retinal cells (in vitro and in an animal model), unraveling the NPY receptors and intracellular mechanisms involved. Rat retinal neural cell cultures were prepared from newborn Wistar rats (P3-P5) and exposed to glutamate (500 μM) for 24 h. Necrotic cell death was evaluated by propidium iodide (PI) assay and apoptotic cell death using TUNEL and caspase-3 assays. The cell types present in culture were identified by immunocytochemistry. The involvement of NPY receptors was assessed using selective agonists and antagonists. Pre-treatment of cells with NPY (100 nM) inhibited both necrotic cell death (PI-positive cells) and apoptotic cell death (TUNEL-positive cells and caspase 3-positive cells) triggered by glutamate, with the neurons being the cells most strongly affected. The activation of NPY Y2, Y4 and Y5 receptors inhibited necrotic cell death, while apoptotic cell death was only prevented by the activation of NPY Y5 receptor. Moreover, NPY neuroprotective effect was mediated by the activation of PKA and p38K. In the animal model, NPY (2.35 nmol) was intravitreally injected 2 h before glutamate (500 nmol) injection into the vitreous. The protective role of NPY was assessed 24 h after glutamate (or saline) injection by TUNEL assay and Brn3a (marker of ganglion cells) immunohistochemistry. NPY inhibited the increase in the number of TUNEL-positive cells and the decrease in the number of Brn3a-positive cells induced by glutamate. In conclusion, NPY and NPY receptors can be considered potential targets to treat retinal degenerative diseases, such as glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy.
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dos Santos VV, Santos DB, Lach G, Rodrigues ALS, Farina M, De Lima TCM, Prediger RD. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) prevents depressive-like behavior, spatial memory deficits and oxidative stress following amyloid-β (Aβ(1-40)) administration in mice. Behav Brain Res 2013; 244:107-15. [PMID: 23396168 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36-amino acid peptide widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS) that has been associated with the modulation of several functions including food intake, learning and memory, mood and neuroprotection. There is great interest in understanding the role of NPY in the deleterious effects induced by the central accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, we evaluated the effects of a single intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of NPY (0.0234 μmol/μL) 15 min prior to the i.c.v. injection of aggregated Aβ1-40 peptide (400 pmol/mouse) in behavioral and neurochemical parameters related to oxidative stress in mice. Pretreatment with NPY prevented Aβ1-40-induced depressive-like responses and spatial memory impairments evaluated in the tail suspension and object location tasks, respectively. The protective effects of NPY on spatial memory of Aβ1-40-treated mice were abolished by the pretreatment with the selective Y2 receptor antagonist BIIE0246. On the other hand, the administration of NPY and Aβ1-40 did not alter the performance of the animals in the elevated plus-maze and open field arena, indicating lack of effects on anxiety state and locomotor function. Although Aβ1-40 infusion did not change hippocampal and cortical glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and glutathione (GSH) levels, Aβ1-40-infused animals showed an increased lipid peroxidation in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex that were blunted by NPY administration. These findings indicate that central administration of NPY prevents Aβ1-40-induced depressive-like behavior and spatial memory deficits in mice and that this response is mediated, at least in part, by the activation of Y2 receptors and prevention of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa V dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis-SC, Brazil
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35
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Croce N, Gelfo F, Ciotti MT, Federici G, Caltagirone C, Bernardini S, Angelucci F. NPY modulates miR-30a-5p and BDNF in opposite direction in an in vitro model of Alzheimer disease: a possible role in neuroprotection? Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 376:189-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1567-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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Alarcón-Aguilar A, González-Puertos VY, Luna-López A, López-Macay A, Morán J, Santamaría A, Königsberg M. Comparing the effects of two neurotoxins in cortical astrocytes obtained from rats of different ages: involvement of oxidative damage. J Appl Toxicol 2012; 34:127-38. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.2841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Alarcón-Aguilar
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa; México D.F. 09340 Mexico
| | | | | | - Ambar López-Macay
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa; México D.F. 09340 Mexico
| | - Julio Morán
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México D.F. 04510 Mexico
| | | | - Mina Königsberg
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa; México D.F. 09340 Mexico
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37
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Malva JO, Xapelli S, Baptista S, Valero J, Agasse F, Ferreira R, Silva AP. Multifaces of neuropeptide Y in the brain--neuroprotection, neurogenesis and neuroinflammation. Neuropeptides 2012; 46:299-308. [PMID: 23116540 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been implicated in the modulation of important features of neuronal physiology, including calcium homeostasis, neurotransmitter release and excitability. Moreover, NPY has been involved as an important modulator of hippocampal and thalamic circuits, receiving particular attention as an endogenous antiepileptic peptide and as a potential master regulator of feeding behavior. NPY not only inhibits excessive glutamate release (decreasing circuitry hyperexcitability) but also protects neurons from excitotoxic cell death. Furthermore, NPY has been involved in the modulation of the dynamics of dentate gyrus and subventricular zone neural stem cell niches. In both regions, NPY is part of the chemical resource of the neurogenic niche and acts through NPY Y1 receptors to promote neuronal differentiation. Interestingly, NPY is also considered a neuroimmune messenger. In this review, we highlight recent evidences concerning paracrine/autocrine actions of NPY involved in neuroprotection, neurogenesis and neuroinflammation. In summary, the three faces of NPY, discussed in the present review, may contribute to better understand the dynamics and cell fate decision in the brain parenchyma and in restricted areas of neurogenic niches, in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Malva
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
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38
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Decressac M, Barker RA. Neuropeptide Y and its role in CNS disease and repair. Exp Neurol 2012; 238:265-72. [PMID: 23022456 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 09/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is widely expressed throughout the CNS and exerts a number of important physiological functions as well as playing a role in pathological conditions such as obesity, anxiety, epilepsy, chronic pain and neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we highlight some of the recent advances in our understanding of NPY biology and how this may help explain not only its role in health and disease, but also its possible use therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Decressac
- Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Corvino V, Marchese E, Giannetti S, Lattanzi W, Bonvissuto D, Biamonte F, Mongiovì AM, Michetti F, Geloso MC. The neuroprotective and neurogenic effects of neuropeptide Y administration in an animal model of hippocampal neurodegeneration and temporal lobe epilepsy induced by trimethyltin. J Neurochem 2012; 122:415-26. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07770.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Croce N, Ciotti MT, Gelfo F, Cortelli S, Federici G, Caltagirone C, Bernardini S, Angelucci F. Neuropeptide Y protects rat cortical neurons against β-amyloid toxicity and re-establishes synthesis and release of nerve growth factor. ACS Chem Neurosci 2012; 3:312-8. [PMID: 22860197 DOI: 10.1021/cn200127e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36 amino acid peptide, widely distributed within central nervous system neurons. More recently, it has been shown that NPY is involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD), a disorder characterized by accumulation of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) in neurons. In a previous study, we investigated the effect of NPY on neuronal damage by exposing SH-SY5Y cells (an established human derived neuroblastoma cell line) to Aβ's pathogenic fragment 25-35 (Aβ(25-35)). We found a NPY-neuroprotective action associated with changes in intracellular production of nerve growth factor (NGF), a member of the neurotrophin family. Since our results were encouraging, we decided to replicate our data using primary cortical neurons cultured in presence of Aβ(25-35), and investigated whether NPY had similar neuroprotective action. Moreover, since cortical neurons are able to produce and release NGF, we investigated whether the synthesis and release of NGF were modified in such experimental conditions. Our results showed that a preincubation with NPY counteracted the toxic effect of Aβ, as measured by increased cell viability. Moreover, NPY pretreatment had an effect on NGF since its intracellular synthesis was increased, release was normalized, and mRNA expression was downregulated. Notably, these effects on NGF were in the opposite direction of those produced by incubating the cells with Aβ alone. This study in primary cortical neurons supports the hypothesis that NPY may be a neuroprotective agent against β-amyloid neurotoxicity. These data also suggest that NPY may influence the synthesis and the release of NGF by cortical neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Teresa Ciotti
- Institute of Cellular Biology
and Neurobiology, National Council of Research, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Cortelli
- Department
of Internal Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Federici
- Department
of Internal Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Sergio Bernardini
- Department
of Internal Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
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Zhang R, Wang Z, Howson PA, Xia Z, Zhou S, Wu E, Xia Z, Hu Y. Smilagenin attenuates beta amyloid (25-35)-induced degeneration of neuronal cells via stimulating the gene expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Neuroscience 2012; 210:275-85. [PMID: 22441042 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of drugs that attenuate neurodegeneration is important for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We previously found that smilagenin (SMI), a steroidal sapogenin from traditional Chinese medicinal herbs improves memory in animal models, is neither a cholinesterase inhibitor nor a glutamate receptor antagonist, but can significantly elevate the declined muscarinic receptor (M receptor) density. In this article, to clarify whether SMI represents a new approach for treating neurodegeneration disease, we first demonstrate that SMI pretreatment significantly attenuates the neurodegenerative changes induced by beta amyloid 25-35 (Aβ(25-35)) in cultured rat cortical neurons, including decreased cholinergic neuron number, shortened neurite outgrowth length, and declined M receptor density. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein levels in the culture medium were also decreased by Aβ(25-35) and significantly elevated by SMI. Parallel experiments revealed that when the trk receptors were inhibited by K252a or the action of BDNF was inhibited by a neutralizing anti-BDNF antibody, the effects of SMI on the Aβ(25-35)-induced neurodegeneration in rat cortical neurons were almost completely abolished. In the all-trans retinoic acid (RA)-differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, the BDNF transcription rate measured by a nuclear run-on assay was significantly suppressed by Aβ(25-35) and elevated by SMI, but the BDNF degradation rate measured by half-life determination was unchanged by Aβ(25-35) and SMI. Transcript analysis of the SH-SY5Y cells using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that the IV and VI transcripts of BDNF mRNA were significantly decreased by Aβ(25-35) and elevated by SMI. Taken together, we conclude that SMI attenuates Aβ(25-35)-induced neurodegeneration in cultured rat cortical neurons and SH-SY5Y cells mainly through stimulating BDNF mRNA transcription implicating that SMI may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zhang
- Research Laboratory of Cell Regulation, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
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42
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Effect of Oxytocin on Neuroblastoma Cell Viability and Growth. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2012; 32:891-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-012-9799-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Cohen H, Liu T, Kozlovsky N, Kaplan Z, Zohar J, Mathé AA. The neuropeptide Y (NPY)-ergic system is associated with behavioral resilience to stress exposure in an animal model of post-traumatic stress disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2012; 37:350-63. [PMID: 21976046 PMCID: PMC3242318 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2011.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Converging evidence implicates the regulatory neuropeptide Y (NPY) in anxiety- and depression-related behaviors. The present study sought to assess whether there is an association between the magnitude of behavioral responses to stress and patterns of NPY in selected brain areas, and subsequently, whether pharmacological manipulations of NPY levels affect behavior in an animal model of PTSD. Animals were exposed to predator-scent stress for 15 min. Behaviors were assessed with the elevated plus maze and acoustic startle response tests 7 days later. Preset cutoff criteria classified exposed animals according to their individual behavioral responses. NPY protein levels were assessed in specific brain regions 8 days after the exposure. The behavioral effects of NPY agonist, NPY-Y1-receptor antagonist, or placebo administered centrally 1 h post-exposure were evaluated in the same manner. Immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expression of the NPY, NPY-Y1 receptor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and GR 1 day after the behavioral tests. Animals whose behavior was extremely disrupted (EBR) selectively displayed significant downregulation of NPY in the hippocampus, periaqueductal gray, and amygdala, compared with animals whose behavior was minimally (MBR) or partially (PBR) disrupted, and with unexposed controls. One-hour post-exposure treatment with NPY significantly reduced prevalence rates of EBR and reduced trauma-cue freezing responses, compared with vehicle controls. The distinctive pattern of NPY downregulation that correlated with EBR as well as the resounding behavioral effects of pharmacological manipulation of NPY indicates an intimate association between NPY and behavioral responses to stress, and potentially between molecular and psychopathological processes, which underlie the observed changes in behavior. The protective qualities attributed to NPY are supported by the extreme reduction of its expression in animals severely affected by the stressor and imply a role in promoting resilience and/or recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagit Cohen
- Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Beer-Sheva Mental Health Center, The State of Israel Ministry of Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| | - Tianmin Liu
- Karolinska Institutet-Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nitsan Kozlovsky
- Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Beer-Sheva Mental Health Center, The State of Israel Ministry of Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Zeev Kaplan
- Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Beer-Sheva Mental Health Center, The State of Israel Ministry of Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Joseph Zohar
- Division of Psychiatry, The State of Israel Ministry of Health, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel,Sackler Medical School, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Aleksander A Mathé
- Karolinska Institutet-Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden,Karolinska Institutet-Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm SE-14186, Sweden, Tel: +46 70 4840743, Fax: +46 8 300972, E-mail:
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