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Liu N, Han J, Li Y, Jiang Y, Shi SX, Lok J, Whalen M, Dumont AS, Wang X. Recombinant annexin A2 inhibits peripheral leukocyte activation and brain infiltration after traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:173. [PMID: 34372870 PMCID: PMC8353736 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02219-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant cause of death and disability worldwide. The TLR4-NFκB signaling cascade is the critical pro-inflammatory activation pathway of leukocytes after TBI, and modulating this signaling cascade may be an effective therapeutic target for treating TBI. Previous studies indicate that recombinant annexin A2 (rA2) might be an interactive molecule modulating the TLR4-NFκB signaling; however, the role of rA2 in regulating this signaling pathway in leukocytes after TBI and its subsequent effects have not been investigated. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were subjected to TBI and randomly divided into groups that received intraperitoneal rA2 or vehicle at 2 h after TBI. The peripheral leukocyte activation and infiltrating immune cells were examined by flow cytometry, RT-qPCR, and immunostaining. The neutrophilic TLR4 expression on the cell membrane was examined by flow cytometry and confocal microscope, and the interaction of annexin A2 with TLR4 was assessed by co-immunoprecipitation coupled with Western blotting. Neuroinflammation was measured via cytokine proteome profiler array and RT-qPCR. Neurodegeneration was determined by Western blotting and immunostaining. Neurobehavioral assessments were used to monitor motor and cognitive function. Brain tissue loss was assessed via MAP2 staining. RESULTS rA2 administration given at 2 h after TBI significantly attenuates neutrophil activation and brain infiltration at 24 h of TBI. In vivo and in vitro data show that rA2 binds to and reduces TLR4 expression on the neutrophil surface and suppresses TLR4/NFκB signaling pathway in neutrophils at 12 h after TBI. Furthermore, rA2 administration also reduces pro-inflammation of brain tissues within 24 h and neurodegeneration at 48 h after TBI. Lastly, rA2 improves long-term sensorimotor ability and cognitive function, and reduces brain tissue loss at 28 days after TBI. CONCLUSIONS Systematic rA2 administration at 2 h after TBI significantly inhibits activation and brain infiltration of peripheral leukocytes, especially neutrophils at the acute phase. Consequently, rA2 reduces the detrimental brain pro-inflammation-associated neurodegeneration and ultimately ameliorates neurological deficits after TBI. The underlying molecular mechanism might be at least in part attributed to rA2 bindings to pro-inflammatory receptor TLR4 in peripheral leukocytes, thereby blocking NFκB signaling activation pathways following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70122, USA.
| | - Jinrui Han
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70122, USA
| | - Yadan Li
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70122, USA
| | - Yinghua Jiang
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70122, USA
| | - Samuel X Shi
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70122, USA
| | - Josephine Lok
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Michael Whalen
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Aaron S Dumont
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70122, USA
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70122, USA.
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Cheng C, Wang X, Jiang Y, Li Y, Liao Z, Li W, Yu Z, Whalen MJ, Lok J, Dumont AS, Liu N, Wang X. Recombinant Annexin A2 Administration Improves Neurological Outcomes After Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:708469. [PMID: 34400908 PMCID: PMC8363504 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.708469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvascular failure is one of the key pathogenic factors in the dynamic pathological evolution after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Our laboratory and others previously reported that Annexin A2 functions in blood-brain barrier (BBB) development and cerebral angiogenesis, and recombinant human Annexin A2 (rA2) protected against hypoxia plus IL-1β-induced cerebral trans-endothelial permeability in vitro, and cerebral angiogenesis impairment of AXNA2 knock-out mice in vivo. We thereby hypothesized that ANXA2 might be a cerebrovascular therapy candidate that targets early BBB integrity disruption, and subacute/delayed cerebrovascular remodeling after TBI, ultimately improve neurological outcomes. In a controlled cortex impact (CCI) mice model, we found rA2 treatment (1 mg/kg) significantly reduced early BBB disruption at 24 h after TBI; and rA2 daily treatment for 7 days augmented TBI-induced mRNA levels of pro-angiogenic and endothelial-derived trophic factors in cerebral microvessels. In cultured human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC), through MAPKs array, we identified that rA2 significantly activated Akt, ERK, and CREB, and the activated CREB might be responsible for the rA2-induced VEGF and BDNF expression. Moreover, rA2 administration significantly increased cerebral angiogenesis examined at 14 days and vessel density at 28 days after TBI in mice. Consistently, our results validated that rA2 significantly induced angiogenesis in vitro, evidenced by tube formation and scratched migration assays in HBMEC. Lastly, we demonstrated that rA2 improved long-term sensorimotor and cognitive function, and reduced brain tissue loss at 28 days after TBI. Our findings suggest that rA2 might be a novel vascular targeting approach for treating TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongjie Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Xiaoshu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Yinghua Jiang
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Yadan Li
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Zhengbu Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Wenlu Li
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Zhanyang Yu
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Michael J Whalen
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Josephine Lok
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Aaron S Dumont
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Ning Liu
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
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Chen J, Cui Z, Yang S, Wu C, Li W, Bao G, Xu G, Sun Y, Wang L, Zhang J. The upregulation of annexin A2 after spinal cord injury in rats may have implication for astrocyte proliferation. Neuropeptides 2017; 61:67-76. [PMID: 27836325 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Annexin A2 (ANXA2), is a member of the annexin family of proteins that exhibit Ca2+-dependent binding to phospholipids. One attractive biological function of ANXA2 is participating in DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. Previous studies have shown that ANXA2 play a role in the development of the central nervous system. However, the biological function of ANXA2 after spinal cord injury (SCI) is still with limited acquaintance. In the present study, we performed a SCI model in adult rats and investigated the dynamic changes of ANXA2 expression in the spinal cord. Western blot analysis indicated a striking expression upregulation of ANXA2 after SCI. Immunohistochemistry further confirmed that ANXA2 immunoactivity was expressed at low levels in normal condition and increased at 5day after SCI. Double immunofluorescence staining prompted that ANXA2 immunoreactivity was found in astrocytes and neurons. Interestingly, ANXA2 expression was increased predominantly in astrocytes. We also examined the expression profiles of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Cyclin D1 and active caspase-3 in the injured spinal cords by western blot. Co-expression of ANXA2/PCNA, ANXA2/Cyclin D1 was detected in glial fibrillary acidic protein. Importantly, double immunofluorescence staining revealed that cell proliferation evaluated by PCNA appeared in many ANXA2-expressing cells and rare caspase-3 was observed in ANXA2-expressing cells after SCI. In addition, ANXA2 knockdown in astrocytes resulted in the increase of PCNA expression after LPS stimulation, showing that ANXA2 inhibited astrocyte proliferation after inflammation. Our data suggested that ANXA2 might play important roles in CNS pathophysiology after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Cui
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Saishuai Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunshuai Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofeng Bao
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanhua Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyu Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Tian K, Zhang F, Jiang H, Wang B, Han S. Role of C16, angiopoietin-1 and regeneration gene protein 2 in attenuating inflammation in an experimental rat model of autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Anat 2017; 230:30-46. [PMID: 27757964 PMCID: PMC5192791 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disorder that affects the central nervous system (CNS), and results in CNS inflammation and damage to myelin. In this study, we examined the possible synergistic effects of C16, angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and regeneration gene protein 2 (Reg-2) in alleviating inflammation in an acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. We employed multiple histological, morphological and iconographic assays to examine the effect of those drugs on disease onset, clinical scores and behavioral deficits. Our results demonstrated that triple combination therapy was more efficient than the monotherapy in EAE treatment. The triple therapy significantly delayed the onset of motor symptoms, reduced disease severity, attenuated inflammatory cell infiltration and suppressed the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Additionally, treatment increased anti-inflammatory cytokines expression, inhibited reactive astrocytes proliferation, reduced demyelination and axonal loss, and finally reduced the neural death. Specifically, Reg-2 administration rescued oligodendrocytes and neuronal axons mainly by direct neurotrophic effects, while C16+Ang-1 (C+A) mainly improved the inflammatory milieu. In conclusion, our study suggests a possible synergistic effect through targeting a variety of pathways in relieving the clinical symptoms of inflammation in acute EAE model. Therefore, using molecules that target different molecular pathways can be beneficial for exploring novel therapeutic approaches for MS treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Angiopoietin-1/administration & dosage
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/administration & dosage
- Biomarkers, Tumor/administration & dosage
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Inflammation/pathology
- Inflammation/prevention & control
- Lectins, C-Type/administration & dosage
- Male
- Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins
- Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Lew
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke‐Wei Tian
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyMedical CollegeZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Fan Zhang
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyMedical CollegeZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of ElectrophysiologySir Run Run Shaw HospitalMedical CollegeZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Beibei Wang
- Core FacilitiesZhejiang University, School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Shu Han
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyMedical CollegeZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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Bai S, Hu Z, Yang Y, Yin Y, Li W, Wu L, Fang M. Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Effects of Triptolide via the NF-κB Signaling Pathway in a Rat MCAO Model. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2015; 299:256-66. [PMID: 26575184 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of neurological disability in humans. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by reperfusion is widely accepted to mimic stroke in basic medical research. Triptolide is one of the major active components of the traditional Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, and has been reported to have potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Since its preclinical effects on stroke were still unclear, we decided to study the effects of Triptolide on focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in this study. The results showed that Triptolide treatment significantly attenuates brain infarction volume, water content, neurological deficits, and neuronal cell death rate, which were increased in the MCAO model rats. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide (iNOS), and NF-κB in the ischemic brains. The administration of Triptolide showed down-regulation of the iNOS, COX-2, GFAP, and NF-κB expression in MCAO rats. It also increased the expression of bcl-2, and suppressed levels of bax and caspase-3 compared with the MCAO group. Our findings revealed that Triptolide exerts its neuroprotective effects against inflammation with the involvement of inhibition of NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Bai
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Zhiying Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yifei Yin
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Weiyun Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lijuan Wu
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Marong Fang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Angiopoietin-1 ameliorates inflammation-induced vascular leakage and improves functional impairment in a rat model of acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Exp Neurol 2014; 261:245-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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David BT, Sampath S, Dong W, Heiman A, Rella CE, Elkabes S, Heary RF. A toll-like receptor 9 antagonist improves bladder function and white matter sparing in spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma 2014; 31:1800-6. [PMID: 24936867 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2014.3357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) affects motor, sensory, and autonomic functions. As current therapies do not adequately alleviate functional deficits, the development of new and more effective approaches is of critical importance. Our earlier investigations indicated that intrathecal administration of a toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) antagonist, cytidine-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotide 2088 (CpG ODN 2088), to mice sustaining a severe, mid-thoracic contusion injury diminished neuropathic pain but did not alter locomotor deficits. These changes were paralleled by a decrease in the pro-inflammatory response at the injury epicenter. Using the same SCI paradigm and treatment regimen, the current studies investigated the effects of the TLR9 antagonist on bladder function. We report that the TLR9 antagonist decreases SCI-elicited urinary retention and ameliorates bladder morphopathology without affecting kidney function. A significant improvement in white matter sparing was also observed, most likely due to alterations in the inflammatory milieu. These findings indicate that the TLR9 antagonist has beneficial effects not only in reducing sensory deficits, but also on bladder dysfunction and tissue preservation. Thus, modulation of innate immune receptor signaling in the spinal cord can impact the effects of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T David
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, The Spine Center of New Jersey, The Reynolds Family Spine Laboratory, The State University of New Jersey , Newark, New Jersey
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An ανβ3 Integrin-Binding Peptide Ameliorates Symptoms of Chronic Progressive Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Alleviating Neuroinflammatory Responses in Mice. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2014; 9:399-412. [DOI: 10.1007/s11481-014-9532-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Fang M, He D, Zhang F, Hu Z, Yang J, Jiang H, Han S. Antineuroinflammatory and neurotrophic effects of CNTF and C16 peptide in an acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis rat model. Front Neuroanat 2013; 7:44. [PMID: 24416000 PMCID: PMC3874474 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2013.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimentalallergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model for inflammatory demyelinating autoimmune disease, i.e., multiple sclerosis (MS). In the present study, we investigated the antineuroinflammatory/neuroprotective effects of C16, an ανβ3 integrin-binding peptide, and recombinant rat ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), a cytokine that was originally identified as a survival factor for neurons, in an acute rodent EAE model. In this model, C16 peptide was injected intravenously every day for 2 weeks, and CNTF was delivered into the cerebral ventricles with Alzet miniosmotic pumps. Disease severity was assessed weekly using a scale ranging from 0 to 5. Multiple histological and molecular biological assays were employed to assess inflammation, axonal loss, neuronal apoptosis, white matter demyelination, and gliosis in the brain and spinal cord of different groups. Our results showed that the EAE induced rats revealed a significant increase in inflammatory cells infiltration, while C16 treatment could inhibit the infiltration of leukocytes and macrophages down to 2/3–1/3 of vehicle treated EAE control (P < 0.05). The delayed onset of disease, reduced clinical score (P < 0.01) in peak stage and more rapid recovery also were achieved in C16 treated group. Besides impairing inflammation, CNTF treatment also exerted direct neuroprotective effects, decreasing demyelination and axon loss score (P < 0.05 versus vehicle treated EAE control), and reducing the neuronal death from 40 to 50% to 10 to 20% (P < 0.05). Both treatments suppressed the expression of cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ when compared with the vehicle control (P < 0.05). Combined treatment with C16 and CNTF produced more obvious functional recovery and neuroprotective effects than individually treatment (P < 0.05). These results suggested that combination treatment with C16 and CNTF, which target different neuroprotection pathways, may be an effective therapeutic alternative to traditional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marong Fang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou, China
| | - Daqiang He
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiying Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gyneocology, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu Han
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou, China
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Dose-dependent anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of an ανβ3 integrin-binding peptide. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:268486. [PMID: 24347822 PMCID: PMC3855988 DOI: 10.1155/2013/268486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that prevention of leukocyte infiltration by targeting integrins involved in transendothelial migration may suppress the clinical and pathological features of neuroinflammatory disease. This study was designed to investigate the effects of C16, an ανβ3 integrin-binding peptide, in an acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) rat model. Multiple histological and immunohistochemical staining, electron microscopy observation, ELISA assay, Western blot, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were employed to assess the degree of inflammation, axonal loss, neuronal apoptosis, white matter demyelination, and extent of gliosis in the brain and spinal cord of differently treated EAE models. The results showed that C16 treatment could inhibit extensive leukocyte and macrophage accumulation and infiltration and reduce cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) expression levels. A significantly lower clinical score at the peak time of disease was also demonstrated in the C16 treated group. Moreover, astrogliosis, demyelination, neuronal death, and axonal loss were all alleviated in C16 treated EAE animals, which may be attributed to the improvement of microenvironment. The data suggests that C16 peptide may act as a protective agent by attenuating inflammatory progression and thus affecting the expression of some proinflammatory cytokines during neuroinflammatory disease.
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Fang M, Sun Y, Hu Z, Yang J, Davies H, Wang B, Ling S, Han S. C16 peptide shown to prevent leukocyte infiltration and alleviate detrimental inflammation in acute allergic encephalomyelitis model. Neuropharmacology 2013; 70:83-99. [PMID: 23352465 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are important adhesion receptors for leukocytes binding to endothelial cellular adhesion molecules. Previous studies have suggested that blocking relevant integrins might prevent leukocyte infiltration and suppress clinical and pathological features of neuroinflammatory disease. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a rodent model of Multiple sclerosis (MS), is characterized by chronic inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system in which circulating leukocytes enter the brain and spinal cord leading to inflammation, myelin damage and subsequent paralysis. To prove this hypothesis and explore a promising application for MS treatment, the effects of C16, an ανβ3 integrin-binding peptide, were tested in vitro and in vivo by transendothelial assay, electron microscopy observation, multiple histological and immunohistochemical staining. The results showed C16 inhibited transendothelial migration of the C8166-CD4 lymphoblast cells, and alleviated extensive spinal cord and brain infiltration of leukocytes and macrophages in the EAE model. Furthermore, a significant amelioration of astrogliosis and a dramatic decrease in demyelination and axonal loss were observed in C16 treated animals. The attenuating inflammatory progression may improve the regional environment and trigger further neuroprotective effects on myelin and axons, all this suggests that C16 peptide may be a promising therapeutic agent for multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marong Fang
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058 Hangzhou, China.
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12
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Contribution of Rag1 to spatial memory ability in rats. Behav Brain Res 2013; 236:200-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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