1
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Wallingford CK, Cutler K, Istiko SN, Fowles LF, Lamb R, Bean J, Healy L, Hondow G, Pratt G, Vidgen ME, Waddell N, Evans E, Bunker D, McInerney-Leo AM. Queensland Consumers' Awareness and Understanding of Clinical Genetics Services. Front Genet 2020; 11:537743. [PMID: 33193608 PMCID: PMC7593610 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.537743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As genetic testing becomes increasingly utilized in health care, consumer awareness and understanding is critical. Both are reported to be low in Australia, though there are limited studies to date. A consumer survey assessed perceived knowledge, awareness and attitudes toward genetic medicine, prior to consumers’ genomics forums in Queensland in 2018 and 2019. Data was analyzed using t-test and Mann-Whitney U tests analysis to detect any associations between sociodemographic factors and familiarity or attitudes. This highly educated and experienced health consumer cohort reported they were significantly more familiar with the healthcare system generally than genetic medicine specifically (p < 0.0001). Consumers perceived that genetic testing would be significantly more important in the future than it is currently (p < 0.00001). Consumers agreed that genetic testing should be promoted (91.4%), made available (100%), better funded (94.2%), and offered to all pregnant women (81.6%). The preferred learning modality about genetics was internet sites (62.7%) followed by talks/presentations (30.8%). Benefits of genetic testing, reported in qualitative responses, included the potential for additional information to promote personal control and improve healthcare. Perceived concerns included ethical implications (including privacy and discrimination), and current limitations of science, knowledge and/or practice. This study demonstrates that even knowledgeable consumers have little familiarity with genetic medicine but are optimistic about its potential benefits. Ethical concerns, particularly concerns regarding genetic discrimination should inform legislation and policy. Consumers are supportive of online resources in increasing genomic literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney K Wallingford
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Lindsay F Fowles
- Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rachel Lamb
- Queensland Genomics, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | | | - Gary Hondow
- Queensland Genomics, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gregory Pratt
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Miranda E Vidgen
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicola Waddell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Erin Evans
- Queensland Genomics, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Aideen M McInerney-Leo
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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2
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Cenin DR, Naber SK, de Weerdt AC, Jenkins MA, Preen DB, Ee HC, O'Leary PC, Lansdorp-Vogelaar I. Cost-Effectiveness of Personalized Screening for Colorectal Cancer Based on Polygenic Risk and Family History. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 29:10-21. [PMID: 31748260 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-1123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence for personalizing colorectal cancer screening based on risk factors. We compared the cost-effectiveness of personalized colorectal cancer screening based on polygenic risk and family history to uniform screening. METHODS Using the MISCAN-Colon model, we simulated a cohort of 100 million 40-year-olds, offering them uniform or personalized screening. Individuals were categorized based on polygenic risk and family history of colorectal cancer. We varied screening strategies by start age, interval and test and estimated costs, and quality-adjusted life years (QALY). In our analysis, we (i) assessed the cost-effectiveness of uniform screening; (ii) developed personalized screening scenarios based on optimal screening strategies by risk group; and (iii) compared the cost-effectiveness of both. RESULTS At a willingness-to-pay threshold of $50,000/QALY, the optimal uniform screening scenario was annual fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) from ages 50 to 74 years, whereas for personalized screening the optimal screening scenario consisted of annual and biennial FIT screening except for those at highest risk who were offered 5-yearly colonoscopy from age 50 years. Although these scenarios gained the same number of QALYs (17,887), personalized screening was not cost-effective, costing an additional $428,953 due to costs associated with determining risk (assumed to be $240 per person). Personalized screening was cost-effective when these costs were less than ∼$48. CONCLUSIONS Uniform colorectal cancer screening currently appears more cost-effective than personalized screening based on polygenic risk and family history. However, cost-effectiveness is highly dependent on the cost of determining risk. IMPACT Personalized screening could become increasingly viable as costs for determining risk decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayna R Cenin
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Public Health, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. .,Centre for Health Services Research, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Health Systems and Health Economics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Steffie K Naber
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Public Health, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anne C de Weerdt
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Public Health, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark A Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David B Preen
- Centre for Health Services Research, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hooi C Ee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter C O'Leary
- Health Systems and Health Economics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Clinical Biochemistry, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QE2 Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Iris Lansdorp-Vogelaar
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Public Health, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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3
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Best M, Newson AJ, Meiser B, Juraskova I, Goldstein D, Tucker K, Ballinger ML, Hess D, Schlub TE, Biesecker B, Vines R, Vines K, Thomas D, Young MA, Savard J, Jacobs C, Butow P. The PiGeOn project: protocol of a longitudinal study examining psychosocial and ethical issues and outcomes in germline genomic sequencing for cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:454. [PMID: 29685123 PMCID: PMC5914013 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4366-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Advances in genomics offer promise for earlier detection or prevention of cancer, by personalisation of medical care tailored to an individual’s genomic risk status. However genome sequencing can generate an unprecedented volume of results for the patient to process with potential implications for their families and reproductive choices. This paper describes a protocol for a study (PiGeOn) that aims to explore how patients and their blood relatives experience germline genomic sequencing, to help guide the appropriate future implementation of genome sequencing into routine clinical practice. Methods We have designed a mixed-methods, prospective, cohort sub-study of a germline genomic sequencing study that targets adults with cancer suggestive of a genetic aetiology. One thousand probands and 2000 of their blood relatives will undergo germline genomic sequencing as part of the parent study in Sydney, Australia between 2016 and 2020. Test results are expected within12–15 months of recruitment. For the PiGeOn sub-study, participants will be invited to complete surveys at baseline, three months and twelve months after baseline using self-administered questionnaires, to assess the experience of long waits for results (despite being informed that results may not be returned) and expectations of receiving them. Subsets of both probands and blood relatives will be purposively sampled and invited to participate in three semi-structured qualitative interviews (at baseline and each follow-up) to triangulate the data. Ethical themes identified in the data will be used to inform critical revisions of normative ethical concepts or frameworks. Discussion This will be one of the first studies internationally to follow the psychosocial impact on probands and their blood relatives who undergo germline genome sequencing, over time. Study results will inform ongoing ethical debates on issues such as informed consent for genomic sequencing, and informing participants and their relatives of specific results. The study will also provide important outcome data concerning the psychological impact of prolonged waiting for germline genomic sequencing. These data are needed to ensure that when germline genomic sequencing is introduced into standard clinical settings, ethical concepts are embedded, and patients and their relatives are adequately prepared and supported during and after the testing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Best
- Psycho-oncology Co-operative Research Group (PoCoG), Level 6 North, Lifehouse (C39Z), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. .,Sydney Health Ethics, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Ainsley J Newson
- Sydney Health Ethics, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Bettina Meiser
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Ilona Juraskova
- Centre for Medical Psychology and Evidence-based Decision-making, School of Psychology (CeMPED - Psychology), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - David Goldstein
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Kathy Tucker
- Hereditary Cancer Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Mandy L Ballinger
- Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2021, Australia
| | - Dominique Hess
- Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2021, Australia
| | - Timothy E Schlub
- Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Barbara Biesecker
- National Human Genome Research, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Drive, MSC 2073, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Richard Vines
- Rare Cancers, PO Box 440, Bowral, NSW, 2576, Australia
| | - Kate Vines
- Rare Cancers, PO Box 440, Bowral, NSW, 2576, Australia
| | - David Thomas
- Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2021, Australia
| | - Mary-Anne Young
- Genome One, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2021, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Savard
- Sydney Health Ethics, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Chris Jacobs
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Phyllis Butow
- Psycho-oncology Co-operative Research Group (PoCoG), Level 6 North, Lifehouse (C39Z), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Centre for Medical Psychology and Evidence-based Decision-making, School of Psychology (CeMPED - Psychology), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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4
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Uptake of Predictive Genetic Testing and Cardiac Evaluation for Children at Risk for an Inherited Arrhythmia or Cardiomyopathy. J Genet Couns 2017; 27:124-130. [PMID: 28699125 DOI: 10.1007/s10897-017-0129-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Predictive genetic testing in minors should be considered when clinical intervention is available. Children who carry a pathogenic variant for an inherited arrhythmia or cardiomyopathy require regular cardiac screening and may be prescribed medication and/or be told to modify their physical activity. Medical genetics and pediatric cardiology charts were reviewed to identify factors associated with uptake of genetic testing and cardiac evaluation for children at risk for long QT syndrome, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. The data collected included genetic diagnosis, clinical symptoms in the carrier parent, number of children under 18 years of age, age of children, family history of sudden cardiac arrest/death, uptake of cardiac evaluation and if evaluated, phenotype for each child. We identified 97 at risk children from 58 families found to carry a pathogenic variant for one of these conditions. Sixty six percent of the families pursued genetic testing and 73% underwent cardiac screening when it was recommended. Declining predictive genetic testing was significantly associated with genetic specialist recommendation (p < 0.001) and having an asymptomatic carrier father (p = 0.006). Cardiac evaluation was significantly associated with uptake of genetic testing (p = 0.007). This study provides a greater understanding of factors associated with uptake of genetic testing and cardiac evaluation in children at risk of an inherited arrhythmia or cardiomyopathy. It also identifies a need to educate families about the importance of cardiac evaluation even in the absence of genetic testing.
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5
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Nicholls SG, Etchegary H, Carroll JC, Castle D, Lemyre L, Potter BK, Craigie S, Wilson BJ. Attitudes to incorporating genomic risk assessments into population screening programs: the importance of purpose, context and deliberation. BMC Med Genomics 2016; 9:25. [PMID: 27215612 PMCID: PMC4878078 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-016-0186-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of an overall risk assessment based on genomic information is consistent with precision medicine. Despite the enthusiasm, there is a need for public engagement on the appropriate use of such emerging technologies in order to frame meaningful evaluations of utility, including the practical implementation and acceptability issues that might emerge. Doing so requires the involvement of the end users of these services, including patients, and sections of the public who are the target group for population based screening. In the present study we sought to explore public attitudes to the potential integration of personal genomic profiling within existing population screening programs; and to explore the evolution of these attitudes as part of a deliberative process. Methods We conducted a mixed methods study presented in the format of a deliberative workshop. Participants were drawn from communities in Ottawa, Ontario (ON) and St John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador (NL), Canada. Individuals were approached to take part in a workshop on the incorporation of genomic risk profiling for either colorectal cancer screening (CRC), or newborn screening for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Results A total of N = 148 (N = 65 ON, N = 83 NL) participants provided data for analysis. Participants in both groups were supportive of public funding for genomic risk profiling, although participants in the T1DM groups expressed more guarded positive attitudes than participants in the CRC groups. These views were stable throughout the workshop (CRC, p = 0.15, T1DM, p =0.39). Participants were less positive about individual testing, with a significant decrease in support over the course of the workshop (CRC p = 0.02, T1DM, p = 0.003). Common concerns related to access to test results by third parties. Conclusions The findings of this study suggest that members of the target populations for potential genomic profiling tests (designed for screening or risk prediction purposes) can engage in meaningful deliberation about their general acceptability and personal utility. Evaluations of whether a test would be personally useful may depend on the experience of the participants in personal health decision making, the purpose of the test, and the availability of interventions to reduce disease risk. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12920-016-0186-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart G Nicholls
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Holly Etchegary
- Clinical Epidemiology, Memorial University, St John's, NL, Canada
| | - June C Carroll
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Sinai Health System, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Sydney G. Frankfort Chair in Family Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Castle
- Vice-President Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Louise Lemyre
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Beth K Potter
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Samantha Craigie
- Michael G DeGroote National Pain Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Brenda J Wilson
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
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6
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Wauters A, Van Hoyweghen I. Global trends on fears and concerns of genetic discrimination: a systematic literature review. J Hum Genet 2016; 61:275-82. [PMID: 26740237 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2015.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Since the 1990s, developments in the field of genetics have led to many questions on the use and possible misuse of genetic information. 'Genetic discrimination' has been defined as the differential treatment of asymptomatic individuals or their relatives on the basis of their real or assumed genetic characteristics. Despite the public policy attention around genetic discrimination, there is currently still much confusion surrounding this phenomenon. On the one hand, there is little evidence of the occurrence of genetic discrimination. On the other hand, it appears that people remain concerned about this theme, and this fear influences their health and life choices. This article makes use of a systematic literature review to investigate what is already known about the nature, extent and background of these fears and concerns. The 42 included studies have found considerable levels of concerns about genetic discrimination. Concerns dominate in insurance contexts and within personal interactions. The extent of concerns appears to vary depending on the type of genetic illness. Furthermore, installed laws prohibiting genetic discrimination do not seem to alleviate existing fears. This raises important questions as to the origins of these fears. Based on the findings, recommendations for future research are made. First, research on the background of fears is needed. Second, future research needs to assess more fully all different forms (for example, direct and indirect) of genetic discrimination. Thirdly, it has to be studied whether genetic discrimination is a form of discrimination that is distinguishable from discrimination based on an illness or disability. Finally, a last element that should be addressed in future research is the most recent developments in research on genomics, such as next-generation sequencing or genome-wide association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annet Wauters
- Life Sciences and Society Lab, Centre for Sociological Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ine Van Hoyweghen
- Life Sciences and Society Lab, Centre for Sociological Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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7
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Siani M, Ben-Zvi Assaraf O. The Moral Reasoning of Genetic Dilemmas Amongst Jewish Israeli Undergraduate Students with Different Religious Affiliations and Scientific Backgrounds. J Genet Couns 2015; 25:596-609. [PMID: 26642964 DOI: 10.1007/s10897-015-9918-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to shed light on the moral reasoning of undergraduate Israeli students towards genetic dilemmas, and on how these are affected by their religious affiliation, by the field they study and by their gender. An open ended questionnaire was distributed among 449 undergraduate students in institutions of higher education in Israel, and their answers were analyzed according to the framework described by Sadler and Zeidler (Science Education, 88(1), 4-27, 2004). They were divided into two major categories: those whose reasoning was based on the consideration of moral consequences (MC), and those who supported their opinion by citing non-consequentialist moral principles (MP). Students' elaborations to questions dealing with values towards genetic testing showed a correlation between the students' religious affiliation and their reasoning, with religious students' elaborations tending to be more principle based than those of secular ones. Overall, the students' elaborations indicate that their main concern is the possibility that their personal genetic information will be exposed, and that their body's personal rights will be violated. We conclude the paper by offering several practical recommendations based on our findings for genetic counseling that is specifically tailored to fit different patients according to their background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merav Siani
- Science and Technology Education Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | - Orit Ben-Zvi Assaraf
- Science and Technology Education Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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8
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Promoting healthy dietary behaviour through personalised nutrition: technology push or technology pull? Proc Nutr Soc 2014; 74:171-6. [PMID: 25342299 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665114001529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The notion of educating the public through generic healthy eating messages has pervaded dietary health promotion efforts over the years and continues to do so through various media, despite little evidence for any enduring impact upon eating behaviour. There is growing evidence, however, that tailored interventions such as those that could be delivered online can be effective in bringing about healthy dietary behaviour change. The present paper brings together evidence from qualitative and quantitative studies that have considered the public perspective of genomics, nutrigenomics and personalised nutrition, including those conducted as part of the EU-funded Food4Me project. Such studies have consistently indicated that although the public hold positive views about nutrigenomics and personalised nutrition, they have reservations about the service providers' ability to ensure the secure handling of health data. Technological innovation has driven the concept of personalised nutrition forward and now a further technological leap is required to ensure the privacy of online service delivery systems and to protect data gathered in the process of designing personalised nutrition therapies.
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9
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Shiloh S, deHeer HD, Peleg S, Hensley Alford S, Skapinsky K, Roberts JS, Hadley DW. The impact of multiplex genetic testing on disease risk perceptions. Clin Genet 2014; 87:117-23. [PMID: 24720448 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the effects of multiplex genetic testing on disease risk perceptions among 216 healthy adults. Participants, aged 25-40, were recruited through the Multiplex Initiative, which offered a genetic susceptibility test for eight common diseases. Participants completed baseline telephone and web-based surveys prior to making the testing decision. Three months after the receipt of mailed test results, participants completed a follow-up telephone survey. Risk perceptions for the eight diseases were measured at baseline and follow-up, along with beliefs about genetic causation of those diseases. The main results were: (i) mean risk perceptions were considerably stable from baseline to follow-up; (ii) the best predictors of follow-up risk perceptions were the corresponding baseline perceptions and family history; and (iii) within-individuals, most participants increased or decreased their risk perceptions for specific diseases in concordance with the number of risk markers they carry, their family history and their beliefs about genetic causality of diseases. In conclusion, participants presented a vigilant approach to the interpretation of genetic test results, which provides reassurance with regard to a potential inflation of risk perceptions in the population because of multiplex genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shiloh
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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10
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Jackson L, Goldsmith L, O'Connor A, Skirton H. Incidental findings in genetic research and clinical diagnostic tests: A systematic review. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:3159-67. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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11
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Nielsen DE, El-Sohemy A. A randomized trial of genetic information for personalized nutrition. GENES & NUTRITION 2012; 7:559-66. [PMID: 22407352 PMCID: PMC3448037 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-012-0290-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Personal genetic information has become increasingly accessible to the public as a result of direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic tests; however, concerns have been raised over their value and potential risks. We compared the effects of providing genotype-based dietary advice with general recommendations on behavioral outcomes using a randomized controlled study. Participants were men and women from the Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health Study between the ages of 20-35 years (n = 149) who completed a survey to assess their awareness of DTC genetic tests and nutrigenomics, as well as potential motivations for undergoing genetic testing. Participants were then randomized into an intervention (I) or control (C) group and were given either genotype-based personalized dietary advice or general dietary advice, respectively. A second survey was administered to assess the participants' opinions of the dietary reports they received. A greater proportion of participants in the intervention group agreed that they understood the dietary advice they were given (93% (I) vs. 78% (C); p = 0.009). Participants in the intervention group were more likely to agree that the dietary recommendations they received would be useful when considering their diet (88% (I) vs. 72% (C); p = 0.02) and wanted to know more about the recommendations (95% (I) vs. 76% (C); p < 0.0001). Only 9% of participants in the intervention group reported feeling uneasy about learning their genetic information. These findings suggest that individuals find dietary recommendations based on genetics more understandable and more useful than general dietary advice. Very few feel uneasy about receiving their genetic information that relates to personalized nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiva E. Nielsen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Room 350, University of Toronto, 150 College St, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2 Canada
| | - Ahmed El-Sohemy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Room 350, University of Toronto, 150 College St, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2 Canada
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12
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Otlowski M, Taylor S, Bombard Y. Genetic Discrimination: International Perspectives. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2012; 13:433-54. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-090711-163800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Taylor
- School of Sociology and Social Work, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia;
| | - Y. Bombard
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Health Policy and Administration, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Center for Health Policy and Outcomes, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065;
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