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Zhang R, Wu Y, Wang X, Lu X, Li Y, Li S, Yan X. Difference of genomic copy numbers alterations between hairy cell leukemia-variant and classical hairy cell leukemia: a pilot retrospective study in Chinese. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:325-331. [PMID: 32132867 PMCID: PMC7053350 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.39307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a rare chronic B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder. It has two pathological subtypes: classical HCL (HCL-C) and HCL-variant (HCL-V). HCL-C and HCL-V are distinct in morphology and immunophenotype. Their differentiation is important for patient management and clinical outcome, with HCL-V responding poorly to conventional HCL treatments. Recently, whole genomic sequencing has been used to identify the difference between HCL-C and HCL-V and mutation of BRAFV600E has been proved to be a molecular hallmark of HCL-C. However, BRAF inhibitors were not effective in all HCL-C cases and HCL-V seems be lack of the high-frequency mutations. Therefore, it is necessary to compare the genomic changes between HCL-C and HCL-V by high-resolution studies, especially in Chinese population, the genomic alterations of HCL have rarely be reported. Methods: In this study, the clinical features of a total of 18 Chinese HCL patients were described. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analysis was performed to evaluate the genomic copy number alterations (CNA) and copy neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN-LOH) on six HCL-Vs with CD25-/BRAFV600E- and four HCL-Cs with CD25+/BRAFV600E+. Results: A total of 24 CNAs including seven chromosomal gains and 17 chromosomal losses, and 22 CN-LOHs were revealed. Five of the six cases of HCL-V showed 15 CNAs including four cryptic chromosomal gains and 11 chromosomal losses. Overlapping regions involving micro-deletion of chromosome 2q13 and large chromosomal loss of 14q were showed in HCL-V. In HCL-C, a total of nine CNAs were revealed in three of the four cases including three chromosomal gains and six chromosomal losses. No overlapping area was observed among the CNVs. 15 CN-LOHs were showed in five of the six cases of HCL-V and seven CN-LOHs was demonstrated in all of the four HCL-Cs. Conclusions: Comparing to Westerners, a relatively higher proportion of HCL-V in all HCL is observed in this study. CNAs and CN-LOHs were common in both HCL-V and HCL-C but the CNAs were different in them. HCL-C was characterized with the higher ratio of large chromosomal changes but lacked of recurrent CNAs, while HCL-V was presented with the higher incidence of cryptic CNAs and recurrent CNAs involving tumor-associated genes. It is necessary to further investigate the association of the genes, such as NPHP1 and TRAF3 genes, and HCL-V in the future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yongli Wu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xianfu Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Xianglan Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, P.R. China
| | - Shibo Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Xiaojing Yan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, P.R. China
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Itamura H, Ide M, Sato A, Sueoka-Aragane N, Sueoka E, Nishida A, Masunari T, Aoki S, Takizawa J, Suzumiya J, Kimura S. Identification of the BRAF V600E mutation in Japanese patients with hairy cell leukemia and related diseases using a quenching probe method. Int J Hematol 2018; 108:416-422. [PMID: 30043333 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-018-2506-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a rare B-cell lymphoid malignancy that is difficult to distinguish from other morphological variants. The frequency of HCL has not been determined accurately in Japan. Recent studies revealed that the BRAF V600E mutation is the causal genetic event in HCL. We assessed the BRAF mutation in Japanese patients with HCL and related diseases using the quenching probe (QP) method, a single-nucleotide polymorphism detection system, and evaluated the incidence rate of HCL among Japanese patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and related diseases. We identified 18 cases (33.3%) harboring the BRAF mutation among 54 patients diagnosed with, or suspected of having HCL. Of BRAF V600E-positive patients, 7 were only detected using the QP method, not by direct sequencing, whereas 11 were positive using both tests. In a larger cohort of Japanese patients diagnosed with chronic lymphoid leukemia or related diseases, the frequency of HCL was 4%. Patients with the BRAF V600E mutation had a significantly higher frequency of neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated soluble interleukin-2 receptor and common B-cell surface markers than patients without the mutation. Our results confirm that BRAF V600E-positive HCL is a relatively rare disorder in the Japanese leukemia patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Itamura
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Masaru Ide
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oda Hospital, Kashima, Japan
| | - Akemi Sato
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Naoko Sueoka-Aragane
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Eisaburo Sueoka
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Aya Nishida
- Department of Hematology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taro Masunari
- Department of Hematology, Chugoku Central Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Sadao Aoki
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Jun Takizawa
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Junji Suzumiya
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Shinya Kimura
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan.
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Shao H, Calvo KR, Grönborg M, Tembhare PR, Kreitman RJ, Stetler-Stevenson M, Yuan CM. Distinguishing hairy cell leukemia variant from hairy cell leukemia: development and validation of diagnostic criteria. Leuk Res 2013; 37:401-409. [PMID: 23347903 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2012.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and hairy cell leukemia-variant (HCL-v) are rare diseases with overlapping clinico-pathological features. We performed flow cytometry analysis (FCM) of 213 cases (169 HCL, 35 HCL-v, 9 splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL)), correlating results with available corresponding clinical and morphological data. FCM distinguished HCL-v from HCL and SMZL based solely upon expression of four antigens (CD11c, CD25, CD103, CD123) combined with B-cell markers (CD19, CD20, CD22). HCL-v expressed bright CD20, bright CD22, CD11c(100%), CD103(100%), dim(40%) or negative(60%) CD123, and uniformly lacked CD25(100%). HCL expressed bright CD20, bright CD22, bright CD11c, bright CD25, CD103, and bright homogeneous CD123(100%). Aberrant expression of CD5(2%/3%), CD10(12%/3%), CD23(21%/11%), CD38(14%/0%), CD2(2%/9%), CD4(0.5%/0%) and CD13(0.5%/3%), was observed in HCL/HCL-v, respectively. SMZL cases were CD103(-) and CD123(-) except for one case with dim CD123. HCL showed significantly greater marrow infiltration over HCL-v. Prominent nucleoli were observed in most HCL-v but rarely in HCL. A third of HCL and HCL-v marrows were hypocellular or aplastic-appearing. Detection of BRAFV600E mutation and annexin A1 were examined in a subset of cases to further validate FCM diagnostic criteria. HCL-v was negative for both annexin A1 (100%) and BRAFV600E mutation (100%), in contrast to HCL (74% positive for annexin A1; 76% positive for BRAFV600E mutation). HCL-v is resistant to traditional HCL therapy, making accurate diagnosis imperative. We have defined FCM criteria for differentiation of HCL-v from HCL and SMZL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Shao
- Hematopathology and Laboratory Medicine, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Katherine R Calvo
- Hematology Section, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marlene Grönborg
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Prashant R Tembhare
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert J Kreitman
- Laboratories of Molecular Biology and Clinical Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maryalice Stetler-Stevenson
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Constance M Yuan
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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