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Wang Y, Lei L, Su Q, Qin S, Zhong J, Ni Y, Yang J. Resveratrol Inhibits Insulin-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration by Activating SIRT1. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:8537881. [PMID: 36479179 PMCID: PMC9722291 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8537881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are essential for the development of hypertension. Insulin has been identified to promote VSMC proliferation and migration; resveratrol has been shown to have protective effects against cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effect of resveratrol on insulin-induced VSMC proliferation and migration and its potential mechanism. VSMC proliferation was measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), cell counting method, and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assay. Cell migration was detected by wound healing assay and transwell method. Expression of silent information regulator of transcription 1 (SIRT1) and phosphorylation levels of signaling molecules, such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (Akt), in VSMCs were detected by Western blotting. Resveratrol (25-150 μM) was found to inhibit insulin-induced VSMC proliferation. Pretreatment with 100 μM resveratrol reduced insulin (100 nM)-mediated VSMC migration. LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K, inhibited the stimulatory effect of insulin (100 nM) on the proliferation of VSMCs. Treatment with resveratrol also decreased insulin-induced stimulatory effect on PI3K and Akt phosphorylation levels. Moreover, resveratrol treatment increased SIRT1 protein expression in VSMCs. A SIRT1 inhibitor, EX527, reversed the inhibitory effect of resveratrol on insulin-induced VSMC proliferation and migration and activation of PI3K and Akt phosphorylation levels. In conclusion, our study revealed that treatment with resveratrol inhibited insulin-mediated VSMC proliferation and migration, possibly by activating SIRT1 and downregulating the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
- Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Lifu Lei
- Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Qian Su
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
- Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Si Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
- Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Jian Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
- Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Yinxing Ni
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
- Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
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Mazucanti CH, Liu QR, Lang D, Huang N, O’Connell JF, Camandola S, Egan JM. Release of insulin produced by the choroid plexis is regulated by serotonergic signaling. JCI Insight 2019; 4:131682. [PMID: 31647782 PMCID: PMC6962018 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.131682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The choroid plexus (ChP) is a highly vascularized tissue found in the brain ventricles, with an apical epithelial cell layer surrounding fenestrated capillaries. It is responsible for the production of most of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricular system, subarachnoid space, and central canal of the spinal cord, while also constituting the blood-CSF barrier (BCSFB). In addition, epithelial cells of the ChP (EChP) synthesize neurotrophic factors and other signaling molecules that are released into the CSF. Here, we show that insulin is produced in EChP of mice and humans, and its expression and release are regulated by serotonin. Insulin mRNA and immune-reactive protein, including C-peptide, are present in EChP, as detected by several experimental approaches, and appear in much higher levels than any other brain region. Moreover, insulin is produced in primary cultured mouse EChP, and its release, albeit Ca2+ sensitive, is not regulated by glucose. Instead, activation of the 5HT2C receptor by serotonin treatment led to activation of IP3-sensitive channels and Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular storage, leading to insulin secretion. In vivo depletion of brain serotonin in the dorsal raphe nucleus negatively affected insulin expression in the ChP, suggesting an endogenous modulation of ChP insulin by serotonin. Here, we show for the first time to our knowledge that insulin is produced by EChP in the brain, and its release is modulated at least by serotonin but not glucose.
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Ramírez MA, Beltrán AR, Araya JE, Cornejo M, Toledo F, Fuentes G, Sobrevia L. Involvement of Intracellular pH in Vascular Insulin Resistance. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2019; 17:440-446. [DOI: 10.2174/1570161116666180911104012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of the pH homeostasis is maintained by several mechanisms including the
efflux of protons (H+) via membrane transporters expressed in almost all mammalian cells. Along these
membrane transporters the sodium/H+ exchangers (NHEs), mainly NHE isoform 1 (NHE1), plays a key
role in this phenomenon. NHE1 is under modulation by several environmental conditions (e.g. hyperglycaemia,
protein kinase C activity) as well as hormones, including insulin. NHE1 activation causes
intracellular alkalization in human endothelial cells leading to activation of the endothelial Nitric Oxide
Synthase (eNOS) to generate NO. Intracellular alkalization is a phenomenon that also results in upregulation
of the glucose transporter GLUT4 in cells that are responsive to insulin. A reduction in the removal
of the extracellular D-glucose is seen in states of insulin resistance, such as in diabetes mellitus
and obesity. Since insulin is a potent activator of eNOS in human endothelium, therefore causing vasodilation,
and its vascular effect is reduced in insulin resistance it is likely that a defective signal to activate
NHE1 in insulin target cells is expected. This phenomenon results in lower redistribution and activation
of GLUT4 leading to reduced uptake of D-glucose and hyperglycaemia. The general concept of a
role for NHE1, and perhaps other NHEs isoforms, in insulin resistance in the human vasculature is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A. Ramírez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Ana R. Beltrán
- Laboratorio de Fisiologia Celular, Departamento Biomedico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile
| | - Jorge E. Araya
- Laboratorio de Fisiologia Celular, Departamento Biomedico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile
| | - Marcelo Cornejo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Fernando Toledo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Fuentes
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
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Packer M. Activation and Inhibition of Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger Is a Mechanism That Links the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus With That of Heart Failure. Circulation 2017; 136:1548-1559. [PMID: 29038209 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.030418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the progression of diabetes mellitus and heart failure are closely intertwined, such that worsening of one condition is frequently accompanied by worsening of the other; the degree of clinical acceleration is marked when the 2 coexist. Activation of the sodium-hydrogen exchanger in the heart and vasculature (NHE1 isoform) and the kidneys (NHE3 isoform) may serve as a common mechanism that links both disorders and may underlie their interplay. Insulin insensitivity and adipokine abnormalities (the hallmarks of type 2 diabetes mellitus) are characteristic features of heart failure; conversely, neurohormonal systems activated in heart failure (norepinephrine, angiotensin II, aldosterone, and neprilysin) impair insulin sensitivity and contribute to microvascular disease in diabetes mellitus. Each of these neurohormonal derangements may act through increased activity of both NHE1 and NHE3. Drugs used to treat diabetes mellitus may favorably affect the pathophysiological mechanisms of heart failure by inhibiting either or both NHE isoforms, and drugs used to treat heart failure may have beneficial effects on glucose tolerance and the complications of diabetes mellitus by interfering with the actions of NHE1 and NHE3. The efficacy of NHE inhibitors on the risk of cardiovascular events may be enhanced when heart failure and glucose intolerance coexist and may be attenuated when drugs with NHE inhibitory actions are given concomitantly. Therefore, the sodium-hydrogen exchanger may play a central role in the interplay of diabetes mellitus and heart failure, contribute to the physiological and clinical progression of both diseases, and explain certain drug-drug and drug-disease interactions that have been reported in large-scale randomized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
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Boedtkjer E, Aalkjaer C. Intracellular pH in the resistance vasculature: regulation and functional implications. J Vasc Res 2012; 49:479-96. [PMID: 22907294 DOI: 10.1159/000341235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Net acid extrusion from vascular smooth muscle (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) in the wall of resistance arteries is mediated by the Na(+),HCO(3)(-) cotransporter NBCn1 (SLC4A7) and the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger NHE1 (SLC9A1) and is essential for intracellular pH (pH(i)) control. Experimental evidence suggests that the pH(i) of VSMCs and ECs modulates both vasocontractile and vasodilatory functions in resistance arteries with implications for blood pressure regulation. The connection between disturbed pH(i) and altered cardiovascular function has been substantiated by a genome-wide association study showing a link between NBCn1 and human hypertension. On this basis, we here review the current evidence regarding (a) molecular mechanisms involved in pH(i) control in VSMCs and ECs of resistance arteries at rest and during contractions, (b) implications of disturbed pH(i) for resistance artery function, and (c) involvement of disturbed pH(i) in the pathogenesis of vascular disease. The current evidence clearly implies that pH(i) of VSMCs and ECs modulates vascular function and suggests that disturbed pH(i) either consequent to disturbed regulation or due to metabolic challenges needs to be taken into consideration as a mechanistic component of artery dysfunction and disturbed blood pressure regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebbe Boedtkjer
- Department of Biomedicine and Water and Salt Research Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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