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Fu Y, Sun L, Zhu F, Xia W, Wen T, Xia R, Yu X, Xu D, Peng C. Ectopic expression of Nav1.7 in spinal dorsal horn neurons induced by NGF contributes to neuropathic pain in a mouse spinal cord injury model. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1091096. [PMID: 36937049 PMCID: PMC10020601 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1091096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) induced by spinal cord injury (SCI) often causes long-term disturbance for patients, but the mechanisms behind remains unclear. Here, our study showed SCI-induced ectopic expression of Nav1.7 in abundant neurons located in deep and superficial laminae layers of the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) and upregulation of Nav1.7 expression in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in mice. Pharmacologic studies demonstrated that the efficacy of the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) permeable Nav1.7 inhibitor GNE-0439 for attenuation of NP in SCI mice was significantly better than that of the BBB non-permeable Nav1.7 inhibitor PF-05089771. Moreover, more than 20% of Nav1.7-expressing SDH neurons in SCI mice were activated to express FOS when there were no external stimuli, suggesting that the ectopic expression of Nav1.7 made SDH neurons hypersensitive and Nav1.7-expressing SDH neurons participated in central sensitization and in spontaneous pain and/or walking-evoked mechanical pain. Further investigation showed that NGF, a strong activator of Nav1.7 expression, and its downstream JUN were upregulated after SCI in SDH neurons with similar distribution patterns and in DRG neurons too. In conclusion, our findings showed that the upregulation of Nav1.7 was induced by SCI in both SDH and DRG neurons through increased expression of NGF/JUN, and the inhibition of Nav1.7 in both peripheral and spinal neurons alleviated mechanical pain in SCI mice. These data suggest that BBB permeable Nav1.7 blockers might relieve NP in patients with SCI and that blocking the upregulation of Nav1.7 in the early stage of SCI via selective inhibition of the downstream signaling pathways of NGF or Nav1.7-targeted RNA drugs could be a strategy for therapy of SCI-induced NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Brain and Spinal Cord Innovation Research Center, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liting Sun
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Brain and Spinal Cord Innovation Research Center, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengting Zhu
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Brain and Spinal Cord Innovation Research Center, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Pre-clinical College, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei Xia
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Brain and Spinal Cord Innovation Research Center, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Wen
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Brain and Spinal Cord Innovation Research Center, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruilong Xia
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Brain and Spinal Cord Innovation Research Center, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Pre-clinical College, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Changgeng Peng, ; Dan Xu,
| | - Changgeng Peng
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Brain and Spinal Cord Innovation Research Center, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Changgeng Peng, ; Dan Xu,
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Xin Q, Yuan R, Shi W, Zhu Z, Wang Y, Cong W. A review for the anti-inflammatory effects of paeoniflorin in inflammatory disorders. Life Sci 2019; 237:116925. [PMID: 31610201 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory disorders result from abnormal immune response and their incidence has increased recently. Thus, there is an urgent need to discover new treatments for inflammatory disorders. In recent years, the natural products contained in Chinese herbs have attracted much attention worldwide owing to their anti-inflammatory effects. Paeoniflorin (PF) is a bioactive compound purified from the Chinese herb Paeonia lactiflora and reports have recently emerged suggesting the great potential of P. lactiflora as an agent to counter inflammatory disorders. The anti-inflammatory effects of PF have been revealed by in vitro studies and in vivo animal experiments of different inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, and asthma. This review systematically describes the recent progress of studies on the mechanism of PF and its therapeutic potential in inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Xin
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Haidian, 100091, Beijing, China.
| | - Rong Yuan
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Haidian, 100091, Beijing, China.
| | - Weili Shi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Haidian, 100091, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhengchuan Zhu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Haidian, 100091, Beijing, China; Peking University Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical School (Xiyuan), Haidian, 100091, Beijing, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- National Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang, 100029, Beijing, China.
| | - Weihong Cong
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Haidian, 100091, Beijing, China.
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Luo XQ, Li A, Yang X, Xiao X, Hu R, Wang TW, Dou XY, Yang DJ, Dong Z. Paeoniflorin exerts neuroprotective effects by modulating the M1/M2 subset polarization of microglia/macrophages in the hippocampal CA1 region of vascular dementia rats via cannabinoid receptor 2. Chin Med 2018; 13:14. [PMID: 29560022 PMCID: PMC5859430 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-018-0173-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral hypoperfusion is a pivotal risk factor for vascular dementia (VD), for which effective therapy remains inadequate. Persistent inflammatory responses and excessive chemotaxis of microglia/macrophages in the brain may accelerate the progression of VD. Endocannabinoids are involved in neuronal protection against inflammation-induced neuronal injury. Cannabinoids acting at cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) can decrease inflammation. Based on the identification of paeoniflorin (PF) as a CB2R agonist, we investigated the neuroprotective and microglia/macrophages M1 to M2 polarization promoting effects of PF in a permanent four-vessel occlusion rat model. Methods One week after surgery, PF was intraperitoneally administered at a dose of 40 mg/kg once a day for 28 successive days. The effects of PF on memory deficit were investigated by a Morris water maze test, and the effects of PF on hippocampal neuronal damage were evaluated by light microscope and electron microscope. The mRNA and protein expression levels of key molecules related to the M1/M2 polarization of microglia/macrophages were assessed by RT-qPCR and Western blotting, respectively. Results Administration of PF could significantly attenuate cerebral hypoperfusion-induced impairment of learning and memory and reduce the morphological and ultrastructural changes in the hippocampal CA1 region of rats. Moreover, PF promoted an M1 to M2 phenotype transition in microglia/macrophages in the hippocampus of rats. In addition to its inhibitory property against proinflammatory M1 mediator expression, such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and NO, PF dramatically up-regulated expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β1. Importantly, CB2R antagonist AM630 abolished these beneficial effects produced by PF on learning, memory and hippocampus structure in rats, as well as the polarization of microglia/macrophages to the M2 phenotype. Additionally, PF treatment significantly inhibited cerebral hypoperfusion-induced mTOR/NF-κB proinflammatory pathway and enhanced PI3K/Akt anti-inflammatory pathway. Effects of PF on these signaling pathways were effectively attenuated when rats were co-treated with PF and AM630, indicating that the mTOR/NF-κB and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways were involved in the PF effects through CB2R activation. Conclusion These findings demonstrated PF exerts its neuroprotective effect and shifts the inflammatory milieu toward resolution by modulation of microglia/macrophage polarization via CB2R activation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13020-018-0173-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Qin Luo
- 1Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Ao Li
- 2College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054 China
| | - Xue Yang
- 3Institute of Chinese Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, 400065 China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- 2College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054 China
| | - Rong Hu
- Drug Review Section, China Chongqing Technical Center for Drug Evaluation and Certification, Chongqing, 400014 China
| | - Tian-Wen Wang
- 3Institute of Chinese Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, 400065 China
| | - Xiao-Yun Dou
- 5Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Da-Jian Yang
- 3Institute of Chinese Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, 400065 China
| | - Zhi Dong
- 1Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
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Santos PL, Brito RG, Matos JPSCF, Quintans JSS, Quintans-Júnior LJ. Fos Protein as a Marker of Neuronal Activity: a Useful Tool in the Study of the Mechanism of Action of Natural Products with Analgesic Activity. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:4560-4579. [PMID: 28695537 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0658-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pain treatment is still ineffective in many conditions and remains one of the greatest challenges of modern medicine. Historically, due to the incredible variety of pharmacologically promising natural products (NPs) and the chemical complexity of their compounds, scientists have explored their use as a source of treatment for diseases or symptomatology. Fos protein and its precursor, the gene c-Fos, have been the subject of study in relation to the pathophysiology of pain as a possible tool to aid in its understanding. More recently, it has become a useful tool in the study of NPs with analgesic profile. Thus, this systematic review aimed to investigate the analgesic effect of NPs and derivatives through changes in Fos protein or c-Fos expression in nervous system central. The search terms "analgesics," "Fos," and "drug effects" were used in the databases PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Embase. Forty-six articles were identified. Twenty-five articles investigated Fos expression in the spinal cord, 1 in dorsal root ganglion, 11 in brain areas, and 9 investigated the association between the spinal cord and brain areas. Although Fos protein expression has been used as a tool in the studies of the mechanism of action of pain in relation to NPs with analgesic activity, the associations between brain areas and the spinal cord-and the possible pathways involved-have not yet been fully elucidated and deserve further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila L Santos
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology (DFS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Av. Marechal Rondom, s/n, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Zip Code: 49.100-000, Brazil
| | - Renan G Brito
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology (DFS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Av. Marechal Rondom, s/n, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Zip Code: 49.100-000, Brazil
| | - João Pedro S C F Matos
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology (DFS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Av. Marechal Rondom, s/n, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Zip Code: 49.100-000, Brazil
| | - Jullyana S S Quintans
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology (DFS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Av. Marechal Rondom, s/n, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Zip Code: 49.100-000, Brazil
| | - Lucindo J Quintans-Júnior
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology (DFS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Av. Marechal Rondom, s/n, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Zip Code: 49.100-000, Brazil.
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Zhu YL, Wang LY, Wang JX, Wang C, Wang CL, Zhao DP, Wang ZC, Zhang JJ. Protective effects of paeoniflorin and albiflorin on chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression in mice. Chin J Nat Med 2017; 14:599-606. [PMID: 27608949 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(16)30070-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Paeonia lactiflora root (baishao in Chinese) is a commonly used herb in traditional Chinese medicines (TCM). Two isomers, paeoniflorin (PF) and albiflorin (AF), are isolated from P. lactiflora. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of PF and AF on myelosuppression induced by chemotherapy in mice and to explore the underlying mechanisms. The mouse myelosuppression model was established by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of cyclophosphamide (CP, 200 mg·kg(-1)). The blood cell counts were performed. The thymus index and spleen index were also determined and bone morrow histological examination was performed. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum and colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in plasma were measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA) and the serum levels of interleukin-3 (IL-3), granulocyte-macrophagecolony-stimulatingfactor (GM-CSF), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The levels of mRNA expression protein of IL-3, GM-CSF and G-CSF in spleen and bone marrow cells were determined respectively. PF and AF significantly increased the white blood cell (WBC) counts and reversed the atrophy of thymus. They also increased the serum levels of GM-CSF and IL-3 and the plasma level of G-CSF and reduced the level of TNF-α in serum. PF enhanced the mRNA level of IL-3 and AF enhanced the mRNA levels of GM-CSF and G-CSF in the spleen. PF and AF both increased the protein levels of GM-CSF and G-CSF in bone marrow cells. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that PF and AF promoted the recovery of bone marrow hemopoietic function in the mouse myelosuppression model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Li Zhu
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lin-Yuan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jing-Xia Wang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chun Wang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Cheng-Long Wang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dan-Ping Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zi-Chen Wang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jian-Jun Zhang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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Hematopoietic Effects of Paeoniflorin and Albiflorin on Radiotherapy-Induced Myelosuppression Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:5789381. [PMID: 27313650 PMCID: PMC4899601 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5789381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Paeonia lactiflora root (baishao in Chinese) is a commonly used herb in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Paeoniflorin (PF) and albiflorin (AF) are two major active constituents of P. lactiflora. In this paper, we aimed to investigate the hematopoietic effects of PF and AF on myelosuppression mice induced by radiotherapy and to explore the underlying mechanism. The finding indicated that PF and AF significantly increased the numbers of white blood cells (WBC) and reversed the atrophy of thymus. Furthermore, PF and AF increased the levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-3 (IL-3) and reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum and increased the level of colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in plasma. Lastly, PF and AF not only enhanced the mRNA levels of GM-CSF and G-CSF in the spleens, but also increased the protein levels of G-CSF and GM-CSF in bone marrow. Our results suggest that PF and AF may promote the recovery of bone marrow hemopoietic function in a myelosuppressed mouse model.
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Development of Fluorescence-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Paeoniflorin. J Fluoresc 2015; 25:885-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-015-1568-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Fong SYK, Liu M, Wei H, Löbenberg R, Kanfer I, Lee VHL, Amidon GL, Zuo Z. Establishing the pharmaceutical quality of Chinese herbal medicine: a provisional BCS classification. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:1623-43. [PMID: 23473440 DOI: 10.1021/mp300502m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS), which is a scientific approach to categorize active drug ingredient based on its solubility and intestinal permeability into one of the four classes, has been used to set the pharmaceutical quality standards for drug products in western society. However, it has received little attention in the area of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM). This is likely, in part, due to the presence of multiple active components as well as lack of standardization of CHM. In this report, we apply BCS classification to CHMs provisionally as a basis for establishing improved in vitro quality standards. Based on a top-200 drugs selling list in China, a total of 31 CHM products comprising 50 official active marker compounds (AMCs) were provisionally classified according to BCS. Information on AMC content and doses of these CHM products were retrieved from the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. BCS parameters including solubility and permeability of the AMCs were predicted in silico (ACD/Laboratories). A BCS classification of CHMs according to biopharmaceutical properties of their AMCs is demonstrated to be feasible in the current study and can be used to provide a minimum set of quality standards. Our provisional results showed that 44% of the included AMCs were classified as Class III (high solubility, low permeability), followed by Class II (26%), Class I (18%), and Class IV (12%). A similar trend was observed when CHMs were classified in accordance with the BCS class of AMCs. Most (45%) of the included CHMs were classified as Class III, followed by Class II (16%), Class I (10%), and Class IV (6%); whereas 23% of the CHMs were of mixed class due to the presence of multiple individual AMCs with different BCS classifications. Moreover, about 60% of the AMCs were classified as high-solubility compounds (Class I and Class III), suggesting an important role for an in vitro dissolution test in setting quality control standards ensuring consistent biopharmaceutical quality for the commercially available CHM products. That is, provisionally, more than half of the AMCs of the top-selling CHMs included in this study would be candidates for a bioequivalence (BE) biowaiver, based on WHO recommendations and EMEA guidelines. Thus a dissolution requirement on these AMCs would represent a significant advance in the pharmaceutical quality of CHM today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Y K Fong
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-fourth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2011 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurologic disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration (Section 16); and immunological responses (Section 17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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