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Liu M, Ren Y, Wang X, Lu X, Li M, Kim YM, Li S, Zhang L. Two rare cases of acute myeloid leukemia with t(8;16)(p11.2;p13.3) and 1q duplication: case presentation and literature review. Mol Cytogenet 2020; 13:37. [PMID: 32863883 PMCID: PMC7448493 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-020-00507-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a complex hematological disease characterized by genetic and clinical heterogeneity. The identification and understanding of chromosomal abnormalities are important for the diagnosis and management of AML patients. Compared with recurrent chromosomal translocations in AML, t(8;16)(p11.2;p13.3) can be found in any age group but is very rare and typically associated with poor prognosis. Methods Conventional cytogenetic studies were performed among 1,824 AML patients recorded in our oncology database over the last 20 years. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was carried out to detect the translocation fusion. Array comparative genome hybridization (aCGH) was carried out to further characterize the duplication of chromosomes. Results We identified three AML patients with t(8;16)(p11.2;p13.3) by chromosome analysis. Two of the three patients, who harbored an additional 1q duplication, were detected by FISH and aCGH. aCGH characterized a 46.7 Mb and 49.9 Mb gain in chromosome 1 at band q32.1q44 separately in these two patients. One patient achieved complete remission (CR) but relapsed 3 months later. The other patient never experienced CR and died 2 years after diagnosis. Conclusion A 1q duplication was detected in two of three AML patients with t(8;16)(p11.2;p13.3), suggesting that 1q duplication can be a recurrent event in AML patients with t(8;16). In concert with the findings of previous studies on similar patients, our work suggests that 1q duplication may also be an unfavorable prognostic factor of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110000 Liaoning People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Yuan Ren
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110000 Liaoning People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Xianfu Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Xianglan Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA.,Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Young Mi Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Shibo Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110000 Liaoning People's Republic of China
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Skarsgård LS, Andersson MK, Persson M, Larsen AC, Coupland SE, Stenman G, Heegaard S. Clinical and genomic features of adult and paediatric acute leukaemias with ophthalmic manifestations. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2019; 4:e000362. [PMID: 31673633 PMCID: PMC6797369 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2019-000362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To describe the clinicopathological and genomic features of nine patients with primary and secondary orbital/ocular manifestations of leukaemia. Methods All orbital/ocular leukaemic specimens from 1980 to 2009 were collected from the Danish Register of Pathology. In six cases, medical records and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks were available. Three cases from the Department of Pathology, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, were also included. Immunophenotypes and MYB oncoprotein expression were ascertained by immunohistochemistry. Genomic imbalances were analysed with comparative genomic hybridisation arrays and oncogene rearrangements with fluorescence in situ hybridisation. Results Four patients had B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (BCP-ALL) and five had acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Two patients with BCP-ALL and one with AML had primary orbital manifestations of leukaemia. Common symptoms were proptosis, displacement of the eye, and reduced eye mobility in patients with orbital leukaemias and pain, and reduced visual acuity in patients with ocular leukaemias. All patients with primary orbital lesions were alive up to 18 years after diagnosis. All but one patient with secondary ophthalmic manifestations died of relapse/disseminated disease. ETV6 and RUNX1 were rearranged in BCP-ALL, and RUNX1 and KMT2A in AML. Genomic profiling revealed quiet genomes (0–7 aberrations/case). The MYB oncoprotein was overexpressed in the majority of cases. Conclusions Leukaemias with and without ophthalmic manifestations have similar immunophenotypes, translocations/gene fusions and copy number alterations. Awareness of the clinical spectrum of leukaemic lesions of the eye or ocular region is important to quickly establish the correct diagnosis and commence prompt treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Stenman Skarsgård
- Department of Surgery, Ostfold Hospital Trust, Fredrikstad, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mattias K Andersson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marta Persson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann-Cathrine Larsen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Sarah E Coupland
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Göran Stenman
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Steffen Heegaard
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
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Panagopoulos I, Gorunova L, Torkildsen S, Tjønnfjord GE, Micci F, Heim S. DEK-NUP214-Fusion Identified by RNA-Sequencing of an Acute Myeloid Leukemia with t(9;12)(q34;q15). Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2017; 14:437-443. [PMID: 29109093 PMCID: PMC6070322 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Given the diagnostic, prognostic, biologic, and even therapeutic impact of leukemia-associated translocations and fusion genes, it is important to detect cryptic genomic rearrangements that may exist in hematological malignancies. CASE REPORT RNA-sequencing was performed on an acute myeloid leukemia case with the bone marrow karyotype 45,X,-Y,t(9;12) (q34;q15)[16]. RESULTS The DEK-NUP214 and PRRC2B-DEK fusion genes were found. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction together with direct sequencing verified the presence of both. Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that the DEK-NUP214 fusion gene was located on the 6p22 band of a seemingly normal chromosome 6. CONCLUSION RNA-sequencing proved to be a valuable tool for the detection of a fusion of genes DEK and NUP214 in a leukemia that showed cryptic cytogenetic rearrangement of chromosome band 9q34.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Panagopoulos
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludmila Gorunova
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Synne Torkildsen
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir E Tjønnfjord
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Francesca Micci
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sverre Heim
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Zakaria Z, Othman N, Ismail A, Kamaluddin NR, Esa E, Abdul Rahman EJ, Mat Yusoff Y, Mohd Fauzi F, Sew Keoh T. Whole-Exome Sequencing of ETV6/RUNX1 in Four Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Cases. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:1169-1175. [PMID: 28548470 PMCID: PMC5494233 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.4.1169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: ETV6/RUNX1 gene fusion is the most frequently seen chromosomal abnormality in childhood acute lymphobastic leukamia (ALL). However, additional genetic changes are known to be required for the development of this type of leukaemia. Therefore, we here aimed to assess the somatic mutational profile of four ALL cases carrying the ETV6/RUNX1 fusion gene using whole-exome sequencing. Methods: DNA was isolated from bone marrow samples using a QIAmp DNA Blood Mini kit and subsequently sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq system. Results: We identified 12,960 to17,601 mutations in each sample, with a total of 16,466 somatic mutations in total. Some 15,533 variants were single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 129 were substitutions, 415 were insertions and 389 were deletions. When taking into account the coding region and protein impact, 1,875 variants were synonymous and 1,956 were non-synonymous SNPs. Among non-synonymous SNPs, 1,862 were missense, 13 nonsense, 35 frameshifts, 11 nonstop, 3 misstart, 15 splices disrupt and 17 in-frame indels. A total of 86 variants were located in leukaemia-related genes of which 32 variants were located in the coding regions of GLI2, SP140, GATA2, SMAD5, KMT2C, CDH17, CDX2, FLT3, PML and MOV10L1. Conclusions: Detection and identification of secondary genetic alterations are important in identifying new therapeutic targets and developing rationally designed treatment regimens with less toxicity in ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubaidah Zakaria
- Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur 50588, Malaysia.
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Abstract
The field of cytogenetics has focused on studying the number, structure, function and origin of chromosomal abnormalities and the evolution of chromosomes. The development of fluorescent molecules that either directly or via an intermediate molecule bind to DNA has led to the development of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), a technology linking cytogenetics to molecular genetics. This technique has a wide range of applications that increased the dimension of chromosome analysis. The field of cytogenetics is particularly important for medical diagnostics and research as well as for gene ordering and mapping. Furthermore, the increased application of molecular biology techniques, such as array-based technologies, has led to improved resolution, extending the recognized range of microdeletion/microduplication syndromes and genomic disorders. In adopting these newly expanded methods, cytogeneticists have used a range of technologies to study the association between visible chromosome rearrangements and defects at the single nucleotide level. Overall, molecular cytogenetic techniques offer a remarkable number of potential applications, ranging from physical mapping to clinical and evolutionary studies, making a powerful and informative complement to other molecular and genomic approaches. This manuscript does not present a detailed history of the development of molecular cytogenetics; however, references to historical reviews and experiments have been provided whenever possible. Herein, the basic principles of molecular cytogenetics, the technologies used to identify chromosomal rearrangements and copy number changes, and the applications for cytogenetics in biomedical diagnosis and research are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariluce Riegel
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil . ; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Fichou Y, Le Maréchal C, Bryckaert L, Dupont I, Jamet D, Chen JM, Férec C. A convenient qualitative and quantitative method to investigate RHD-RHCE hybrid genes. Transfusion 2013; 53:2974-82. [PMID: 23550903 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular biology techniques, such as single specific-primer polymerase chain reaction (PCR), denaturing-high performance liquid chromatography, direct sequencing, next-generation sequencing, and microarray platforms, contribute to the efficient genotyping of the human blood group RHD gene. However, some alleles remain undetermined in rare cases in DNA samples carrying two copies of the RHD gene, which challenge the identification of D-CE hybrid genes. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We set up, in a single-tube format, a qualitative and quantitative assay based on multiplex PCR of short fluorescent fragments (QMPSF) to simultaneously amplify all 10 RHD exons on the one hand and all 10 RHCE exons on the other hand. RESULTS The test proved to be useful to rapidly identify hybrid genes in hemizygous RHD samples carrying a hybrid D-CE gene and to resolve unknown genotypes by quantifying individual exons in compound heterozygous samples, but also unexpectedly helped to redefine the RHDΨ haplotype. While validating the test, two novel single-point variants, c.648G>C (p.L216F) and c.1048G>C (p.D350H), were found. CONCLUSION For the first time, a QMPSF-based method is reliable to individually quantify the exons of both RH genes, including hybrid D-CE genes in compound heterozygous samples and may help to investigate samples with unknown RHD and/or RHCE status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Fichou
- Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS)-Bretagne, Brest, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1078, Brest, France; Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et d'Histocompatibilité, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU), Hôpital Morvan, Brest, France
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Greulich-Bode KM, Heinze B. On the Power of Additional and Complex Chromosomal Aberrations in CML. Curr Genomics 2012; 13:471-6. [PMID: 23449041 PMCID: PMC3426781 DOI: 10.2174/138920212802510466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Unregulated proliferation of mainly myeloid bone marrow cells and genetic changes in the hematopoietic stem cell system are important features in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML). In clinical diagnosis of CML, classical banding techniques, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probing for the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) or polymerase chain reaction amplifying the fusion products of the BCR-ABL fusion are state of the art techniques. Nevertheless, the genome of CML patients harbors many more cytogenetic changes. These might be hidden in subpopulations due to clonal events or involved in extremely complex aberrations. To identify these additional changes, several cytogenetic and molecular genetic techniques could be applied. Nevertheless, it has been proposed that identifying these aberrations is time consuming and costly and since they cannot be converted into a benefit for the patients, the necessity to perform these investigations has been questioned. In the times where highly specialized medicine is advancing into several areas of cancer, this attitude needs to be reassessed. Therefore, we looked at the usefulness of a combination of different techniques to unravel the genetic changes in CML patients and to identify new chromosomal aberrations, which potentially can be correlated to different stages of the disease and the strength of therapy resistance. We are convinced that the combination of these techniques could be extremely useful in unraveling even the most complex karyotypes and in dissecting different clones contributing to the disease. We propose that by doing so, this would improve CML diagnostic and prognostic findings, especially with regard to CML resistance mechanisms and new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin M Greulich-Bode
- Division Genetics of Skin Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Heinze
- University of Ulm, Institute of Human Genetics, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
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