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Lorentzen IM, Espenes J, Eliassen IV, Hessen E, Waterloo K, Nakling A, Gísladóttir B, Jarholm J, Fladby T, Kirsebom BE. Investigating the relationship between allocentric spatial working memory and biomarker status in preclinical and prodromal Alzheimer's disease. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37552673 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2023.2236262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The 4 Mountain Test (4MT) is a test of allocentric spatial working memory and has been proposed as an earlier marker of predementia Alzheimer's disease (AD) than episodic verbal memory. We here compare the 4MT to the CERAD word list memory recall in both cognitively normal (CN) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) cases with or without cerebrospinal fluid markers (CSF) of Alzheimer's disease pathology. Linear regression was used to assess the influence of CSF determined Aβ-plaque (Aβ-/+) or neurofibrillary tau tangles (Tau-/+) on 4MT and CERAD recall performance. Analyses were performed in the full sample and the CN and MCI sub-samples. Pearson correlations were calculated to examine the relationship between 4MT and tests of psychomotor speed, verbal memory, cognitive flexibility, verbal fluency, and visuo-spatial perception. Analyses showed no significant differences in 4MT scores between Aβ-/Aβ+, nor Tau-/Tau + participants, irrespective of cognitive status. In contrast, CERAD recall scores were lower in both Aβ+ compared to Aβ- (p<.01), and Tau + compared to Tau- participants (p<.01) in the full sample analyses. There were no significant differences in CERAD recall performance between Aβ- vs. Aβ+ and Tau- vs. to Tau + in the in CN/MCI sub-samples. 4MT scores were significantly correlated with tests of psychomotor speed, cognitive flexibility, and visuo-spatial perception in the full sample analyses. In conclusion, the CERAD recall outperformed the 4MT as a cognitive marker of CSF determined AD pathology. This suggests that allocentric working memory, as measured by the 4MT, may not be used as an early marker of predementia AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Myrvoll Lorentzen
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jacob Espenes
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ingvild Vøllo Eliassen
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Erik Hessen
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Knut Waterloo
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Arne Nakling
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Berglind Gísladóttir
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Jonas Jarholm
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tormod Fladby
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn-Eivind Kirsebom
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Verde F, Aiello EN, Adobbati L, Poletti B, Solca F, Tiloca C, Sangalli D, Maranzano A, Muscio C, Ratti A, Zago S, Ticozzi N, Frisoni GB, Silani V. Coexistence of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Alzheimer's Disease: Case Report and Review of the Literature. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:1383-1399. [PMID: 37694369 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
We describe a case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and review the literature about the coexistence of the two entities, highlighting the following: mean age at onset is 63.8 years, with slight female predominance; ALS tends to manifest after cognitive impairment and often begins in the bulbar region; average disease duration is 3 years; cognitive phenotype is mostly amnestic; the pattern of brain involvement is, in most cases, consistent with AD. Our case and the reviewed ones suggest that patients with ALS and dementia lacking unequivocal features of FTD should undergo additional examinations in order to recognize AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Verde
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, "Dino Ferrari" Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Nicolò Aiello
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Adobbati
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Poletti
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Solca
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Tiloca
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Sangalli
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Lecco, Lecco, Italy
| | - Alessio Maranzano
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Muscio
- Neurology-5 (Neuropathology) Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonia Ratti
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Zago
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Ticozzi
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, "Dino Ferrari" Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista Frisoni
- Memory Clinic and LANVIE - Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vincenzo Silani
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, "Dino Ferrari" Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Chipika RH, Christidi F, Finegan E, Li Hi Shing S, McKenna MC, Chang KM, Karavasilis E, Doherty MA, Hengeveld JC, Vajda A, Pender N, Hutchinson S, Donaghy C, McLaughlin RL, Hardiman O, Bede P. Amygdala pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and primary lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2020; 417:117039. [PMID: 32713609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Temporal lobe studies in motor neuron disease overwhelmingly focus on white matter alterations and cortical grey matter atrophy. Reports on amygdala involvement are conflicting and the amygdala is typically evaluated as single structure despite consisting of several functionally and cytologically distinct nuclei. A prospective, single-centre, neuroimaging study was undertaken to comprehensively characterise amygdala pathology in 100 genetically-stratified ALS patients, 33 patients with PLS and 117 healthy controls. The amygdala was segmented into groups of nuclei using a Bayesian parcellation algorithm based on a probabilistic atlas and shape deformations were additionally assessed by vertex analyses. The accessory basal nucleus (p = .021) and the cortical nucleus (p = .022) showed significant volume reductions in C9orf72 negative ALS patients compared to controls. The lateral nucleus (p = .043) and the cortico-amygdaloid transition (p = .024) were preferentially affected in C9orf72 hexanucleotide carriers. A trend of total volume reduction was identified in C9orf72 positive ALS patients (p = .055) which was also captured in inferior-medial shape deformations on vertex analyses. Our findings highlight that the amygdala is affected in ALS and our study demonstrates the selective involvement of specific nuclei as opposed to global atrophy. The genotype-specific patterns of amygdala involvement identified by this study are consistent with the growing literature of extra-motor clinical features. Mesial temporal lobe pathology in ALS is not limited to hippocampal pathology but, as a key hub of the limbic system, the amygdala is also affected in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangariroyashe H Chipika
- Computational Neuroimaging Group, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Foteini Christidi
- Computational Neuroimaging Group, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Neurology, Aeginition Hospital, University of Athens, Greece
| | - Eoin Finegan
- Computational Neuroimaging Group, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Stacey Li Hi Shing
- Computational Neuroimaging Group, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mary Clare McKenna
- Computational Neuroimaging Group, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Kai Ming Chang
- Computational Neuroimaging Group, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland; Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Efstratios Karavasilis
- Computational Neuroimaging Group, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland; 2nd Department of Radiology, Attikon University Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mark A Doherty
- Complex Trait Genomics Laboratory, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jennifer C Hengeveld
- Complex Trait Genomics Laboratory, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Alice Vajda
- Complex Trait Genomics Laboratory, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Niall Pender
- Department of psychology, Beaumont Hospital Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siobhan Hutchinson
- Department of Neurology, St James's Hospital, James's St, Ushers, Dublin 8 D08 NHY1, Ireland
| | - Colette Donaghy
- Department of Neurology, Belfast, Western Health & Social Care Trust, UK
| | - Russell L McLaughlin
- Complex Trait Genomics Laboratory, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Orla Hardiman
- Computational Neuroimaging Group, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Peter Bede
- Computational Neuroimaging Group, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Gómez-Pinedo U, Villar-Quiles RN, Galán L, Matías-Guiu JA, Benito-Martin MS, Guerrero-Sola A, Moreno-Ramos T, Matías-Guiu J. Immununochemical Markers of the Amyloid Cascade in the Hippocampus in Motor Neuron Diseases. Front Neurol 2016; 7:195. [PMID: 27877154 PMCID: PMC5099138 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several findings suggest that the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the amyloid cascade may play a role in motor neuron disease (MND). OBJECTIVE Considering that dementia is one of the most frequent non-motor symptoms in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and that hippocampus is one of the brain areas with greater presence of amyloid-related changes in neurodegenerative diseases, our aim was to analyze the molecular markers of the amyloid cascade of APP in pathology studies of the hippocampus of autopsied patients with ALS and ALS-frontotemporal dementia (FTD). METHODS We included nine patients with MND and four controls. Immunohistochemical studies and confocal microscopy were used to analyze the expression of APP, TDP-43, pho-TDP-43, Aβ, APP intracellular cytoplasmatic domain (AICD) peptide, Fe65 protein, and pho-TAU in the hippocampus of seven patients with ALS, two patients with ALS-FTD, and four controls. These findings were correlated with clinical data. RESULTS Patients displayed increased expression of APP and Aβ peptide. The latter was correlated with cytoplasmic pho-TDP-43 expression. We also found decreased Fe65 expression. A parallel increase in AICD expression was not found. Patients showed increased expression of pho-TAU in the hippocampus. Findings were similar in patients with ALS and those with ALS-FTD, though more marked in the latter group. CONCLUSION Post-mortem analyses showed that the amyloid cascade is activated in the hippocampus of patients with MND and correlated with cytoplasmic pho-TDP-43 expression. The number of intracellular or extracellular aggregates of Aβ peptides was not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulises Gómez-Pinedo
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Rocio N Villar-Quiles
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Lucia Galán
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Jordi A Matías-Guiu
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Maria S Benito-Martin
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Antonio Guerrero-Sola
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Teresa Moreno-Ramos
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Jorge Matías-Guiu
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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