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Retinitis pigmentosa-associated anterior subcapsular cataract: morphological features and visual performance. Int Ophthalmol 2021; 41:3631-3639. [PMID: 34180018 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-021-01935-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the morphological features and surgical outcomes of retinitis pigmentosa (RP)-associated anterior subcapsular cataract (ASC). METHODS Consecutive RP-associated ASC cases were reviewed, and one hundred patients (171 eyes) were included. Anterior segment photographed images by slit-lamp microscope were reviewed. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was recorded. The cases were classified according to preoperative best BCVA, the area (central, midperipheral and peripheral) and the density (Grade 1, vacuolar/bubble-like; Grade 2, plaque-like/translucent; and Grade 3, fibrotic/opaque) of ASC; subgroup analysis of surgical outcomes was then performed. RESULTS The mean age was 52.1 ± 13.7 years, and the 41-50-year group had the best BCVA. 13.5% of eyes had BCVA better than 20/63, 30.4% were between 20/400 and 20/63, and 56.1% were worse than 20/400. The percentage of ASCs in the central, midperipheral and peripheral areas was 55.0%, 37.4% and 7.6%, respectively. Postoperative BCVA was improved in the central and midperipheral groups (P < 0.001) but was not in the peripheral group (P = 0.07). The percentage of ASCs in density of Grade 1, 2 and 3 was 11.1%, 38.6% and 50.3%, respectively. Grade 2 and 3 achieved improved postoperative BCVA (P < 0.001), but Grade 1 did not (P = 0.693). CONCLUSIONS Mostly, ASC is located at the center of the pupillary area and affected the residual vision of RP patients. The patients benefited from cataract removal except for those with ASC extended to peripheral area. Surgery was also recommended for RP with ASC developed to be plaque-like and even fibrotic.
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Yan Y, Yu H, Sun L, Liu H, Wang C, Wei X, Song F, Li H, Ge H, Qian H, Li X, Tang X, Liu P. Laminin α4 overexpression in the anterior lens capsule may contribute to the senescence of human lens epithelial cells in age-related cataract. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:2699-2723. [PMID: 31076560 PMCID: PMC6535067 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Senescence is a leading cause of age-related cataract (ARC). The current study indicated that the senescence-associated protein, p53, total laminin (LM), LMα4, and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) in the cataractous anterior lens capsules (ALCs) increase with the grades of ARC. In cataractous ALCs, patient age, total LM, LMα4, TGF-β1, were all positively correlated with p53. In lens epithelial cell (HLE B-3) senescence models, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) alleviated senescence by decreasing the expression of total LM and LMα4; TGF-β1 induced senescence by increasing the expression of total LM and LMα4. Furthermore, MMP-9 silencing increased p-p38 and LMα4 expression; anti-LMα4 globular domain antibody alleviated senescence by decreasing the expression of p-p38 and LMα4; pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK signaling alleviated senescence by decreasing the expression of LMα4. Finally, in cataractous ALCs, positive correlations were found between LMα4 and total LM, as well as between LMα4 and TGF-β1. Taken together, our results implied that the elevated LMα4, which was possibly caused by the decreased MMP-9, increased TGF-β1 and activated p38 MAPK signaling during senescence, leading to the development of ARC. LMα4 and its regulatory factors show potential as targets for drug development for prevention and treatment of ARC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yan
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Liyao Sun
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hanruo Liu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xi Wei
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Fanqian Song
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hulun Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Neurobiology Key Laboratory, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hongyan Ge
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Hua Qian
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xianling Tang
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
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Wu J, Zhou J, Ping X, Xu X, Cui Y, Yang H, Yin Q, Shentu X. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy study of anterior lens epithelium in presenile cataract. Int Ophthalmol 2020; 40:1411-1418. [DOI: 10.1007/s10792-020-01307-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Tekin K, Ozdamar Erol Y, Inanc M, Sargon MF, Cakar Ozdal P, Berker N. Ultrastructural Analysis of the Anterior Lens Epithelium in Cataracts Associated with Uveitis. Ophthalmic Res 2019; 63:213-221. [PMID: 31838467 DOI: 10.1159/000504497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the transmission electron microscopic findings of lens epithelial cells (LECs) in patients with different subtypes of uveitis and to compare the findings with those in age-matched controls. METHODS In this prospective case-control study, the anterior lens capsules were taken from 47 eyes of 47 patients with uveitis of different subtypes (17 with Fuchs uveitis syndrome [FUS], 13 with -Behçet's uveitis, 10 with idiopathic uveitis, and 7 with herpetic keratouveitis) and from 15 eyes of 15 control patients. RESULTS In the FUS group, the LECs had homogeneous thickening and irregularity, with some small vacuoles and widespread, oval-shaped pigment clusters in some areas. In the Behçet uveitis group, there was evident thinning in the lens epithelium. The subepithelial tissue under the epithelium was thickened, and edematous areas were detected. In the idiopathic uveitis group, the LECs were thinner with small vacuoles, and the cubic structure of the LECs was transformed into a squamous one. Moreover, the LECs included some small vacuoles, similar to those in the FUS group. In the herpetic keratouveitis group, two prominent cell types were observed: (1) completely normal LECs and (2) degenerated-type LECs with pyknotic nuclei, condensation of chromatin, swelling in the cytoplasm, membrane ruptures, and intra-cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. In the control group, the LECs and all of their elements occurred in normal ultrastructural patterns, with the exception of a few small intraepithelial vacuoles, which were fewer in number and smaller than those in the FUS and idiopathic uveitis groups. CONCLUSION The electron microscopic analysis of LECs of patients with different subtypes of uveitis revealed significant ultrastructural alterations, which may be related to the summation of oxidative stress and intraocular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Tekin
- Ophthalmology Department, Ercis State Hospital, Van, Turkey,
| | - Yasemin Ozdamar Erol
- Ophthalmology Department, Ulucanlar Eye Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Merve Inanc
- Ophthalmology Department, Ercis State Hospital, Van, Turkey
| | | | - Pinar Cakar Ozdal
- Ophthalmology Department, Ulucanlar Eye Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilufer Berker
- Ophthalmology Department, Ulucanlar Eye Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Sorkou KΝ, Manthou ME, Meditskou S, Ziakas N, Tsaousis KT, Tsinopoulos IT. Severe Abnormalities of Lens Epithelial Cells in Exfoliation Syndrome: A Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Patients with Age-Related Cataract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55060235. [PMID: 31159315 PMCID: PMC6631419 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55060235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: The aim of this study was to examine via electron microscopy the lens epithelial cells in age-related cataracts and compare the findings between patients with and without exfoliation syndrome, in the Greek population. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one patients with age-related cataracts, older than 60 years, were included in the study. Eleven of them also suffered from exfoliation syndrome. Anterior lens capsules, obtained during phacoemulsification, were examined with a transmission electron microscope. Results: In all cases, ultrastructural features of diffuse intracellular and extracellular oedema were noticed to a varying degree and transparent vacuoles were detected. Often, there was more than one layer of cells, giving the impression that healthier cells tried to cover neighboring cells presenting extensive damage. Commonly, cells lost their regular shape and appeared with expanded nuclei carrying dense granules. Apoptotic cells were also detected. The epithelial cells frequently were completely destroyed or absent, exhibiting loose connections amongst them or with the basement membrane. In exfoliation syndrome (XFS) patients the alterations were more severe. Additionally, the lens epithelial cells (LECs) apical cell membrane appeared with varying distances from the basement membrane, due to different cell "heights", creating an irregular margin of the epithelium (p<0.05). Conclusion: Transmission electron microscope (TEM) examination revealed ultrastructural abnormalities in all patients' lens epithelia, more extended and more frequently observed in XFS group. In all cases, the lesions were comparable to those described in severe pathologies, all of which were excluded from the study. Environmental factors such as increased ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation exposure in Mediterranean countries, genetic factors, epigenetic factors, or all of them, could contribute to these alterations. Further epidemiological and molecular biology research is needed, so as to justify these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Ν. Sorkou
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School, Papageorgiou Hospital, Agiou Pavlou 76, 56429, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.Z.); (K.T.T.); (I.T.T.)
- Correspondence: (K.N.S.); or (M.E.M.); Tel.: +30-6948467765 (K.N.S.); +30-6972296839 (M.E.M.)
| | - Maria Eleni Manthou
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Correspondence: (K.N.S.); or (M.E.M.); Tel.: +30-6948467765 (K.N.S.); +30-6972296839 (M.E.M.)
| | - Soultana Meditskou
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos Ziakas
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School, Papageorgiou Hospital, Agiou Pavlou 76, 56429, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.Z.); (K.T.T.); (I.T.T.)
| | - Konstantinos T. Tsaousis
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School, Papageorgiou Hospital, Agiou Pavlou 76, 56429, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.Z.); (K.T.T.); (I.T.T.)
| | - Ioannis T. Tsinopoulos
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School, Papageorgiou Hospital, Agiou Pavlou 76, 56429, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.Z.); (K.T.T.); (I.T.T.)
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Yan Y, Qian H, Jiang H, Yu H, Sun L, Wei X, Sun Y, Ge H, Zhou H, Li X, Hashimoto T, Tang X, Liu P. Laminins in an in vitro anterior lens capsule model established using HLE B-3 cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:5726-5733. [PMID: 29436687 PMCID: PMC5866015 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cataracts are the most common eye disease to cause blindness in patients. The abnormal deposition of laminins (LMs) in the lens capsule and the disruption of capsular epithelium contribute to cataract development, although the mechanism by which this occurs is currently unclear. The present study aimed to reproduce HLE B-3 basement membranes (BMs) using HLE B-3 cells and to analyze the similarities of LM expression between HLE B-3 BMs and human anterior lens capsule (ALC). Immunohistochemistry (IHC), ELISA, western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation (IP)-western blot analysis were used to detect total LMs, LM trimers and 11 LM subunits in HLE B-3 cells, HLE B-3 BMs and human ALCs. In IHC staining, HLE B-3 cells and human ALCs were positive for LMs. In LM ELISA, all samples analyzed were positive for LMs. Western blot analysis detected all LM subunits except for LMγ3 in HLE B-3 cell lysate, 4 subunits (LMα4, LMα2, LMα1 and LMγ1) in HLE B-3 cell culture supernatant, 5 subunits (LMα4, LMα2, LMα1, LMβ3 and LMγ1) in HLE B-3 BMs, and 3 subunits (LMα4, LMγ2 and LMγ1) in human ALCs. The results of IP-western blot analysis revealed that the LM411 trimer was detected in HLE B-3 cell culture supernatant. These results indicated that HLE B-3 BMs were similar to human ALCs in terms of LM expression. Therefore, HLE B-3 BMs could be used as an in vitro ALC model to determine the role of LMs in ALC in the pathogenesis of cataracts and to select potential anti-cataract drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yan
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Hua Qian
- Academician Workstation, Harbin Medical University and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Hongda Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Liyao Sun
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xi Wei
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yunduan Sun
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Ge
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Haizhou Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Academician Workstation, Harbin Medical University and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Takashi Hashimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545‑8585, Japan
| | - Xianling Tang
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Ping Liu
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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Tekin K, Erol YO, Sargon MF, Inanc M, Ozdal PC, Berker N. Effects of Fuchs uveitis syndrome on the ultrastructure of the anterior lens epithelium: A transmission electron microscopic study. Indian J Ophthalmol 2017; 65:1459-1464. [PMID: 29208835 PMCID: PMC5742983 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_691_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to investigate the electron microscopic findings of the lens epithelial cells (LECs) in patients with Fuchs uveitis syndrome (FUS) who suffered from cataracts and to compare those with age-matched controls. METHODS This study was a prospective, comparative case series. The anterior lens capsules (ALC: basement membrane and associated LECs) were taken from 12 eyes of 12 cases of FUS and ten eyes of ten control patients. The ALCs were obtained from cataract surgery and prepared for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences regarding the age or gender between the FUS group and the control group (P > 0.05). In the TEM examinations of the ALCs, all of the FUS cases revealed similar significant ultrastructural changes when compared to the control patients. In the FUS group, the LECs showed homogeneous thickening and irregularity which included some small vacuoles in different areas of the epithelial tissue. Moreover, in some areas of the LECs, widespread, oval-shaped, pigment clusters were detected. Conversely, in the control group, the LECs and all of their elements were in normal ultrastructural patterns, with the exception of some small intraepithelial vacuoles which were fewer and smaller than those in the FUS group. CONCLUSION Ultrastructural analysis of the ALC of the patients with FUS disclosed some significant alterations which may be related to the summation of oxidative stress, intraocular inflammation, and iris atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Tekin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ulucanlar Eye Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Ozdamar Erol
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ulucanlar Eye Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Merve Inanc
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ulucanlar Eye Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pinar Cakar Ozdal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ulucanlar Eye Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilufer Berker
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ulucanlar Eye Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Tekin K, Erol YO, Inanc M, Sargon MF, Can CU, Polat S, Yilmazbas P. Electron microscopic evaluation of anterior lens epithelium in patients with idiopathic congenital cataract. Int Ophthalmol 2017; 38:2127-2132. [PMID: 28942547 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-017-0713-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the ultrastructure of the lens epithelial cells (LECs) in patients with idiopathic congenital cataract. METHODS This is a prospective interventional study. The anterior lens capsules (aLC: basement membrane and associated LECs) were taken from 16 eyes of 12 consecutive patients who were diagnosed as having idiopathic congenital cataracts. The aLCs were obtained from cataract surgery and prepared for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS Some significant ultrastructural changes were observed in all aLCs of the participants. The anterior LECs showed alterations in different areas which were partly cuboidal and partly squamous in shape. The LECs had euchromatic nucleus and included some vacuoles in the cytoplasms as a remarkable alteration. The sizes of these intraepithelial cell vacuoles were changeable. CONCLUSIONS We identified remarkable changes in LECs of the eyes with idiopathic congenital cataract by TEM. It can be assumed that oxidative damage may be associated with these ultrastructural changes in LECs of the eyes with idiopathic congenital cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Tekin
- Ankara Ulucanlar Eye Training and Research Hospital, 06240, Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | - Merve Inanc
- Ankara Ulucanlar Eye Training and Research Hospital, 06240, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Cigdem Ulku Can
- Ankara Ulucanlar Eye Training and Research Hospital, 06240, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel Polat
- Ankara Ulucanlar Eye Training and Research Hospital, 06240, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pelin Yilmazbas
- Ankara Ulucanlar Eye Training and Research Hospital, 06240, Ankara, Turkey
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Anterior lens capsule and epithelium thickness measurements using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. BMC Ophthalmol 2017. [PMID: 28629391 PMCID: PMC5477114 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-017-0489-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the anterior lens capsule and epithelium thickness (defined as anterior lens capsular complex: ALCC) in normal Chinese subjects using spectral-domian optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and examine the factors that may influence the ALCC, such as age, gender, pupil diameter (PD) and signal strength index (SSI). Methods A prospective observational case series. One-hundred-thirty-four normal subjects (134 eyes) were included. The ALCCs were determined manually via SD-OCT. Using the pupil center as a reference position, the central ALCC (CALCC), nasal 1-mm ALCC (NALCC), temporal 1-mm ALCC (TALCC) and PD were measured manually. Results The mean CALCC, NALCC and TALCC were 33 ± 6 μm, 36 ± 7 μm and 34 ± 6 μm, respectively. The NALCC was significantly thicker than the CALCC (P < .001) and TALCC (P < .001). Moreover, CALCC was significantly thinner than TALCC (P = 0.013). Age was positively correlated with the CALCC (r = 0.292, P < .001), NALCC (r = 0.400, P < .001) and TALCC (r = 0.521, P < .001). PD, gender and SSI were not significantly correlated with the three ALCC parameters. Conclusions The SD-OCT can be used to demonstrate the ALCC thickness, and age is positively correlated with the ALCC in the central, nasal and temporal sides.
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Andjelic S, Drašlar K, Hvala A, Hawlina M. Anterior lens epithelium in cataract patients with retinitis pigmentosa - scanning and transmission electron microscopy study. Acta Ophthalmol 2017; 95:e212-e220. [PMID: 27679403 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients, relatively minor lens opacity in central part of posterior pole of the lens may cause disproportionate functional symptoms requiring cataract operation. To investigate the possible structural reasons for this opacity development, we studied the structure of the lens epithelium of patients with RP. METHODS The anterior lens capsule (aLC: basement membrane and associated lens epithelial cells, LECs) was obtained from cataract surgery and prepared for scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). RESULTS Both SEM and TEM show a number of abnormal features in the anterior lens epithelium of cataract patients with RP. The abnormalities appear mainly as holes, thinning and degradation of the epithelium, with the dimensions from <1 μm to more than 50 μm. Other types of holes in size up to 20 μm were seen that may be formed by gradual stretching of the lens epithelium. Another type of abnormalities was cracks that were seen between adjacent LECs, with dimensions 0.1-2 μm × up to 10 μm. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal structural features were observed in the anterior lens epithelium that may cause water influx into the lens. This may lead to clouding along the water clefts leading towards the posterior pole in the RP cataractous lens. We suggest that the lens epithelium has a role in the development of the cataract in patients with RP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazimir Drašlar
- Department of Biology; Biotechnical Faculty; University of Ljubljana; Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Anastazija Hvala
- Department of Pathology; Medical Faculty; University of Ljubljana; Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Marko Hawlina
- Eye Hospital; University Medical Centre; Ljubljana Slovenia
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11
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Andjelic S, Drašlar K, Hvala A, Lopic N, Strancar J, Hawlina M. Anterior lens epithelial cells attachment to the basal lamina. Acta Ophthalmol 2016; 94:e183-8. [PMID: 26581784 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the structure of the anterior lens epithelial cells (aLECs) and the contacts of the aLECs with the basal lamina (BL) in order to understand their role in the lens epithelium's function. METHODS The aLCs (BL and associated aLECs) were obtained from routine uneventful cataract surgery, prepared for and studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal microscopy. RESULTS SEM shows that the basal surface of the aLECs (~10-15 μm) is with aLECs foldings (~1-3 μm) and extensions (~0.5-3 μm) attached to the BL. Confocal microscopy images of the basal sections of the aLECs after membrane staining also suggest that the basal part of aLECs has foldings (~1-3 μm). TEM shows in the aLECs basal parts, towards BL, the structures that look like entanglement (~1-4 μm). In cases where there is a swelling of the cytoplasm and offset of the aLECs from the BL, individual extensions (~0.5-2 μm) that extend to the BL are visible by TEM. CONCLUSIONS We provide detail evidence about the structural organization of the aLECs, in particular about their basal side which is in contact with the BL. This is supported by the complementary use of three techniques, SEM, TEM and confocal microscopy, each of them showing the same morphological features, the extensions and the entanglements of the aLECs cytoplasmic membrane at the border with the BL. The basal surface of the aLECs is increased. It suggests the functional importance of the contact between aLECs and BL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazimir Drašlar
- Department of Biology; Biotechnical Faculty; University of Ljubljana; Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Anastazija Hvala
- Department of Pathology; Medical Faculty; University of Ljubljana; Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Nina Lopic
- Laboratory of Biophysics; Condensed Matter Physics Department; “Jožef Stefan” Institute; Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Janes Strancar
- Laboratory of Biophysics; Condensed Matter Physics Department; “Jožef Stefan” Institute; Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Marko Hawlina
- Eye Hospital; University Medical Centre; Ljubljana Slovenia
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Anterior lens epithelium in intumescent white cataracts - scanning and transmission electron microscopy study. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2015; 254:269-76. [PMID: 26573390 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-015-3220-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Our purpose was to study the structure of the lens epithelial cells (LECs) of intumescent white cataracts (IC) in comparison with nuclear cataracts (NC) in order to investigate possible structural reasons for development of IC. METHODS The anterior lens capsule (aLC: basement membrane and associated LECs) were obtained from cataract surgery and prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS We observed by SEM that in IC, LEC swelling was pronounced with the clefts surrounding the groups of LECs. Another structural feature was spherical formations, that were observed on the apical side of LEC's, towards the fibre cell layer, both by SEM and TEM. Development of these structures, bulging out from the apical cell membrane of the LEC's and disrupting it, could be followed in steps towards the sphere formation. The degeneration of the lens epithelium and the structures of the aLC in IC similar to Morgagnian globules were also observed. None of these structural changes were observed in NC. CONCLUSIONS We show by SEM and TEM that, in IC, LECs have pronounced structural features not observed in NC. This supports the hypothesis that the disturbed structure of LECs plays a role in water accumulation in the IC lens. We also suggest that, in IC, LECs produce bulging spheres that represent unique structures of degenerated material, extruded from the LEC.
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