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Rapid attentional adaptations due to language (monolingual vs bilingual) context. Neuropsychologia 2021; 159:107946. [PMID: 34242655 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Does our general attentional system adapt to the language context we are in? Bilinguals switch between contexts in which only one language is present or both languages are equiprobable. Previous research by Wu and Thierry (2013) suggested that the bilingual language context can modify the workings of inhibitory control mechanisms. Here we investigate whether this can be replicated and whether other attentional mechanisms (alerting and orienting) also adjust depending on whether we are in a bilingual or a monolingual situation. Bilinguals performed the Attentional Network Task (ANT) task, which allows us to measure three types of attentional processes: alerting, orienting and executive control. Crucially, while performing the ANT task, participants also saw words presented in only one language (e.g., Catalan; monolingual context) or in two languages (Catalan and Spanish; bilingual context); this allowed us to assess whether the three attentional processes would be modified by language context. Compared to the monolingual context, in the bilingual context the target-P3 amplitude was enhanced for the alerting and executive control networks but not for the orienting network. This suggests that bilinguals' state of alertness was enhanced when surrounded by words from two languages. Exploratory analyses reveal that within the bilingual context, language switches have an alerting effect, as indexed by a greater target-N1, thus impacting upcoming visual processing of the flanker. Response hand activation is speeded up for congruent trials in a similar way that arbitrary alerting cues speed them up. This speed-up was reflected in a greater LRP in the bilingual context, but it was not reflected in behavioral measures (RTs or ACC). Thus, a bilingual context can enhance attentional capacity towards non-linguistic information. It also reveals how flexible the cognitive system is.
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Susana CF, Mónica L, Fernando D. Event-related brain potential indexes provide evidence for some decline in healthy people with subjective memory complaints during target evaluation and response inhibition processing. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2021; 182:107450. [PMID: 33933631 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the preclinical stage of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum, subjects report subjective memory complaints (SMCs), although with the absence of any objective decline, and have a higher risk of progressing to dementia than the general population. Early identification of this stage therefore constitutes a major focus of current AD research, to enable early intervention. In this study, healthy adult participants with high and low SMCs (HSMCs and LSMCs) performed a Go/NoGo task during electroencephalogram (EEG) recording. Relative to LSMC participants, HSMC participants performed the task slower (longer reaction times) and showed changes in the event-related potential (ERP) components associated with response preparation (lower readiness potential -RP- amplitude in the Go condition), and also related to response inhibition processes (lower N2-P3 amplitude in the NoGo condition). In addition, HSMC participants showed lower Go-N2 and NoGo-N2 peak-to-baseline amplitudes, however these results seem to be influenced by a negative tendency overlapping stimulus-related waveforms. The declines observed in this study are mostly consistent with those observed in aMCI participants, supporting the notion of the AD continuum regarding SMC state.
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Deficits of visuospatial working memory and executive function in single- versus multiple-domain amnestic mild cognitive impairment: A combined ERP and sLORETA study. Clin Neurophysiol 2019; 130:739-751. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Gilmour G, Porcelli S, Bertaina-Anglade V, Arce E, Dukart J, Hayen A, Lobo A, Lopez-Anton R, Merlo Pich E, Pemberton DJ, Havenith MN, Glennon JC, Harel BT, Dawson G, Marston H, Kozak R, Serretti A. Relating constructs of attention and working memory to social withdrawal in Alzheimer’s disease and schizophrenia: issues regarding paradigm selection. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 97:47-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Petley L, Bardouille T, Chiasson D, Froese P, Patterson S, Newman A, Omisade A, Beyea S. Attentional dysfunction and recovery in concussion: effects on the P300m and contingent magnetic variation. Brain Inj 2018; 32:464-473. [DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2018.1429022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Petley
- Biomedical Translational Imaging Centre (BIOTIC), IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Nova Scotia Health Authority, QEII Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Tim Bardouille
- Biomedical Translational Imaging Centre (BIOTIC), IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Darrell Chiasson
- Nova Scotia Health Authority, QEII Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Patrick Froese
- Nova Scotia Health Authority, QEII Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Aaron Newman
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Antonina Omisade
- Nova Scotia Health Authority, QEII Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Steven Beyea
- Biomedical Translational Imaging Centre (BIOTIC), IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Nova Scotia Health Authority, QEII Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Galvao-Carmona A, González-Rosa JJ, Hidalgo-Muñoz AR, Páramo D, Benítez ML, Izquierdo G, Vázquez-Marrufo M. Disentangling the attention network test: behavioral, event related potentials, and neural source analyses. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:813. [PMID: 25352800 PMCID: PMC4195286 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of the attentional system remains a challenge for current neuroscience. The "Attention Network Test" (ANT) was designed to study simultaneously three different attentional networks (alerting, orienting, and executive) based in subtraction of different experimental conditions. However, some studies recommend caution with these calculations due to the interactions between the attentional networks. In particular, it is highly relevant that several interpretations about attentional impairment have arisen from these calculations in diverse pathologies. Event related potentials (ERPs) and neural source analysis can be applied to disentangle the relationships between these attentional networks not specifically shown by behavioral measures. RESULTS This study shows that there is a basic level of alerting (tonic alerting) in the no cue (NC) condition, represented by a slow negative trend in the ERP trace prior to the onset of the target stimuli. A progressive increase in the CNV amplitude related to the amount of information provided by the cue conditions is also shown. Neural source analysis reveals specific modulations of the CNV related to a task-related expectancy presented in the NC condition; a late modulation triggered by the central cue (CC) condition and probably representing a generic motor preparation; and an early and late modulation for spatial cue (SC) condition suggesting specific motor and sensory preactivation. Finally, the first component in the information processing of the target stimuli modulated by the interaction between orienting network and the executive system can be represented by N1. CONCLUSIONS The ANT is useful as a paradigm to study specific attentional mechanisms and their interactions. However, calculation of network effects is based in subtractions with non-comparable experimental conditions, as evidenced by the present data, which can induce misinterpretations in the study of the attentional capacity in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Galvao-Carmona
- Psychophysiology Unit (Lab B508), Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of SevilleSeville, Spain
| | - Javier J. González-Rosa
- Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience, Centre of Biomedical Technology (CTB), Technical University of Madrid (UPM)Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio R. Hidalgo-Muñoz
- Psychophysiology Unit (Lab B508), Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of SevilleSeville, Spain
| | - Dolores Páramo
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Virgen Macarena University HospitalSeville, Spain
| | - María L. Benítez
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing, University of SevilleSeville, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Vázquez-Marrufo
- Psychophysiology Unit (Lab B508), Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of SevilleSeville, Spain
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Ghosh S, Libon D, Lippa C. Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Brief Review and Suggested Clinical Algorithm. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2014; 29:293-302. [PMID: 24370618 PMCID: PMC10852630 DOI: 10.1177/1533317513517040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a dynamic state between normal cognition and dementia, where interventions can be taken to stop or delay the progression to dementia. It is broadly of 2 types-amnestic, where memory loss is the chief concern and nonamnestic, where it is not. One variant of nonamnestic, dysexecutive, being more prevalent is sometimes known as a separate subtype by itself. Diagnosis of MCI is mostly clinical and is aided by various scales and neuropsychological testing. Functional imaging studies help in early detection and is superior to biomarkers or structural magnetic resonance imaging. Although there is no evidence supporting any pharmacological intervention, cognitive rehabilitation, memory training, and caregiver support play a strong role in limiting and sometimes reversing the ongoing cognitive decline. As the spectrum of MCI is heterogeneous, making the right diagnosis can be a challenging; hence, we need a systematic yet cost-effective algorithm for the timely management of MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantani Ghosh
- Department of Neurology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Libon
- Department of Neurology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carol Lippa
- Department of Neurology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Vázquez-Marrufo M, Galvao-Carmona A, González-Rosa JJ, Hidalgo-Muñoz AR, Borges M, Ruiz-Peña JL, Izquierdo G. Neural correlates of alerting and orienting impairment in multiple sclerosis patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97226. [PMID: 24820333 PMCID: PMC4018282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A considerable percentage of multiple sclerosis patients have attentional impairment, but understanding its neurophysiological basis remains a challenge. The Attention Network Test allows 3 attentional networks to be studied. Previous behavioural studies using this test have shown that the alerting network is impaired in multiple sclerosis. The aim of this study was to identify neurophysiological indexes of the attention impairment in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients using this test. RESULTS After general slowing had been removed in patients group to isolate the effects of each condition, some behavioral differences between them were obtained. About Contingent Negative Variation, a statistically significant decrement were found in the amplitude for Central and Spatial Cue Conditions for patient group (p<0.05). ANOVAs showed for the patient group a significant latency delay for P1 and N1 components (p<0.05) and a decrease of P3 amplitude for congruent and incongruent stimuli (p<0.01). With regard to correlation analysis, PASAT-3s and SDMT showed significant correlations with behavioral measures of the Attention Network Test (p<0.01) and an ERP parameter (CNV amplitude). CONCLUSIONS Behavioral data are highly correlated with the neuropsychological scores and show that the alerting and orienting mechanisms in the patient group were impaired. Reduced amplitude for the Contingent Negative Variation in the patient group suggests that this component could be a physiological marker related to the alerting and orienting impairment in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. P1 and N1 delayed latencies are evidence of the demyelination process that causes impairment in the first steps of the visual sensory processing. Lastly, P3 amplitude shows a general decrease for the pathological group probably indexing a more central impairment. These results suggest that the Attention Network Test give evidence of multiple levels of attention impairment, which could help in the assessment and treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Vázquez-Marrufo
- Experimental Psychology Department, Faculty of Psychology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Alejandro Galvao-Carmona
- Experimental Psychology Department, Faculty of Psychology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Javier J. González-Rosa
- Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience, Centre of Biomedical Technology (CTB), Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio R. Hidalgo-Muñoz
- Experimental Psychology Department, Faculty of Psychology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Mónica Borges
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Virgen Macarena Hospital, Seville, Spain
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