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Liu X, Wang H, Zhao G. Centromere Protein A Goes Far Beyond the Centromere in Cancers. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 20:3-10. [PMID: 34465586 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Centromere dysfunctions leading to numerical chromosome alterations are believed to be closely related to human cancers. As a centromere-specific protein, centromere protein A (CENP-A) replaces the histone H3 in centromeres and is therefore considered a key factor of centromere identity. Researches have shown that CENP-A is overexpressed in many types of human cancers. However, the behavior and function of CENP-A in tumorigenesis have not yet been systematically summarized. In this article, we describe the pleiotropic roles of CENP-A in human cells. Moreover, we provide a comprehensive review of the current knowledge on the relationship between aberrant expression and ectopic localization of CENP-A and tumorigenesis, and the mechanism of the ectopic deposition of CENP-A in cancers. Furthermore, we note that some oncogenic viruses can modulate the expression and localization of this centromere protein along with its chaperone. At last, we also discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting CENP-A for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Liu
- Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China. .,Research Center for Psychological and Health Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Haiping Wang
- School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guojun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Garza-Rodríguez ML, Oyervides-Muñoz MA, Pérez-Maya AA, Sánchez-Domínguez CN, Berlanga-Garza A, Antonio-Macedo M, Valdés-Chapa LD, Vidal-Torres D, Vidal-Gutiérrez O, Pérez-Ibave DC, Treviño V. Analysis of HPV Integrations in Mexican Pre-Tumoral Cervical Lesions Reveal Centromere-Enriched Breakpoints and Abundant Unspecific HPV Regions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063242. [PMID: 33810183 PMCID: PMC8005155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA integration is a crucial event in cervical carcinogenesis. However, scarce studies have focused on studying HPV integration (HPVint) in early-stage cervical lesions. Using HPV capture followed by sequencing, we investigated HPVint in pre-tumor cervical lesions. Employing a novel pipeline, we analyzed reads containing direct evidence of the integration breakpoint. We observed multiple HPV infections in most of the samples (92%) with a median integration rate of 0.06% relative to HPV mapped reads corresponding to two or more sequence breakages. Unlike cancer studies, most integrations events were unique (supported by one read), consistent with the lack of clonal selection. Congruent to other studies, we found that breakpoints could occur, practically, in any part of the viral genome. We noted that L1 had a higher frequency of rupture integration (25%). Based on host genome integration frequencies, we found previously reported integration sites in cancer for genes like FHIT, CSMD1, and LRP1B and putatively many new ones such as those exemplified in CSMD3, ROBO2, and SETD3. Similar host integrations regions and genes were observed in diverse HPV types within many genes and even equivalent integration positions in different samples and HPV types. Interestingly, we noted an enrichment of integrations in most centromeres, suggesting a possible mechanism where HPV exploits this structural machinery to facilitate integration. Supported by previous findings, overall, our analysis provides novel information and insights about HPVint.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Lourdes Garza-Rodríguez
- Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Centro Universitario Contra el Cáncer, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico; (M.L.G.-R.); (D.C.P.-I.); (O.V.-G.)
| | - Mariel Araceli Oyervides-Muñoz
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Mexico;
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico; (A.A.P.-M.); (C.N.S.-D.)
| | - Antonio Alí Pérez-Maya
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico; (A.A.P.-M.); (C.N.S.-D.)
| | - Celia Nohemí Sánchez-Domínguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico; (A.A.P.-M.); (C.N.S.-D.)
| | - Anais Berlanga-Garza
- Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico; (A.B.-G.); (M.A.-M.); (L.D.V.-C.); (D.V.-T.)
| | - Mauro Antonio-Macedo
- Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico; (A.B.-G.); (M.A.-M.); (L.D.V.-C.); (D.V.-T.)
| | - Lezmes Dionicio Valdés-Chapa
- Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico; (A.B.-G.); (M.A.-M.); (L.D.V.-C.); (D.V.-T.)
| | - Diego Vidal-Torres
- Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico; (A.B.-G.); (M.A.-M.); (L.D.V.-C.); (D.V.-T.)
| | - Oscar Vidal-Gutiérrez
- Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Centro Universitario Contra el Cáncer, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico; (M.L.G.-R.); (D.C.P.-I.); (O.V.-G.)
| | - Diana Cristina Pérez-Ibave
- Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Centro Universitario Contra el Cáncer, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico; (M.L.G.-R.); (D.C.P.-I.); (O.V.-G.)
| | - Víctor Treviño
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Morones Prieto 3000, Colonia Los Doctores, Nuevo León 64710, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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Scarth JA, Patterson MR, Morgan EL, Macdonald A. The human papillomavirus oncoproteins: a review of the host pathways targeted on the road to transformation. J Gen Virol 2021; 102:001540. [PMID: 33427604 PMCID: PMC8148304 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) is the causal factor in over 99 % of cervical cancer cases, and a significant proportion of oropharyngeal and anogenital cancers. The key drivers of HPV-mediated transformation are the oncoproteins E5, E6 and E7. Together, they act to prolong cell-cycle progression, delay differentiation and inhibit apoptosis in the host keratinocyte cell in order to generate an environment permissive for viral replication. The oncoproteins also have key roles in mediating evasion of the host immune response, enabling infection to persist. Moreover, prolonged infection within the cellular environment established by the HR-HPV oncoproteins can lead to the acquisition of host genetic mutations, eventually culminating in transformation to malignancy. In this review, we outline the many ways in which the HR-HPV oncoproteins manipulate the host cellular environment, focusing on how these activities can contribute to carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Scarth
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Molly R. Patterson
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Ethan L. Morgan
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK
- Present address: Tumour Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew Macdonald
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK
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Yaginuma Y, Yoshimoto M, Eguchi A, Tokuda A, Takahashi S. The human papillomavirus18 E7 protein inhibits CENP-C binding to α-satellite DNA. Virus Res 2015; 205:27-32. [PMID: 25997930 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection leads to aneuploidy, a numerical chromosomal aberration that is caused by dysregulation of chromosomal segregation. We previously found that the E7 proteins of high-risk HPVs, but not of low-risk HPVs, could bind to centromere protein-C (CENP-C). In this study, we first found that CENP-C could bind centromere α-satellite DNAs using ChIP analysis and HA-tagged CENP-C/nuc transfected 293T cells. We then investigated if HA-CENP-C/nuc binding to α-satellite DNAs was affected by the E7 proteins of high- or low-risk HPVs. We found that transfection of the FLAG tagged HPV18 E7 inhibited the binding of HA-CENP-C/nuc to α-satellite DNAs. This finding was confirmed in HeLa S3 cells transfected with siRNA targeted to HPV18 E7 expression. We therefore speculate that altered function of kinetochores as a result of inhibition of CENP-C and α-satellite DNAs binding may be associated with the chromosomal abnormalities observed in HPV18-positive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Yaginuma
- Department of Oncology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 4-24-1 Kuhonji, Chuouku, Kumamoto 862-0976, Japan.
| | - Masafumi Yoshimoto
- Department of Oncology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 4-24-1 Kuhonji, Chuouku, Kumamoto 862-0976, Japan
| | - Ayami Eguchi
- Department of Oncology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 4-24-1 Kuhonji, Chuouku, Kumamoto 862-0976, Japan
| | - Aoi Tokuda
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 4-24-1 Kuhonji, Chuouku, Kumamoto 862-0976, Japan
| | - Shoko Takahashi
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 4-24-1 Kuhonji, Chuouku, Kumamoto 862-0976, Japan
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Abstract
E7 is an accessory protein that is not encoded by all papillomaviruses. The E7 amino terminus contains two regions of similarity to conserved regions 1 and 2 of the adenovirus E1A protein, which are also conserved in the simian vacuolating virus 40 large tumor antigen. The E7 carboxyl terminus consists of a zinc-binding motif, which is related to similar motifs in E6 proteins. E7 proteins play a central role in the human papillomavirus life cycle, reprogramming the cellular environment to be conducive to viral replication. E7 proteins encoded by the cancer-associated alpha human papillomaviruses have potent transforming activities, which together with E6, are necessary but not sufficient to render their host squamous epithelial cell tumorigenic. This article strives to provide a comprehensive summary of the published research studies on human papillomavirus E7 proteins.
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