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Tan D, Li J, Lin T, Tan P, Zhang J, Xiong Q, Jiang J, Li Y, Zhang P, Wei Q. Prognostic Utility of the Modified Glasgow Prognostic Score in Urothelial Carcinoma: Outcomes from a Pooled Analysis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11216261. [PMID: 36362488 PMCID: PMC9655933 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Many studies explored the prognostic value of the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) in urothelial carcinoma (UC), but the results are controversial. This study aimed to quantify the relationship between pretreatment mGPS and survival in patients with UC. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science to identify eligible studies published before August 2022. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the association between pretreatment mGPS and the prognosis of UC. Results: Thirteen eligible studies involving 12,524 patients were included. A high mGPS was significantly associated with poor overall survival (mGPS 1/0: HR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.12−1.58, p = 0.001; mGPS 2/0: HR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.43−2.84, p < 0.0001), progression-free survival (mGPS 1/0: HR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.03−1.53, p = 0.021; mGPS 2/0: HR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.12−2.77, p = 0.013), recurrence-free survival (mGPS 1/0: HR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.18−1.56, p < 0.0001; mGPS 2/0: HR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.44−2.000, p < 0.0001), and cancer-specific survival (mGPS 2/0: HR = 1.81, 95% CI 1.30−2.52, p < 0.0001). A subgroup analysis of OS also yielded similar results. Conclusions: Evidence suggests that high pretreatment mGPS in UC is closely related to poor survival. Pre-treatment mGPS is a powerful independent prognostic factor in patients with UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqing Tan
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Urology, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Jinze Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tianhai Lin
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ping Tan
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiapeng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiao Xiong
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jinjiang Jiang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (P.Z.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (P.Z.); (Q.W.)
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Modified Glasgow Prognostic Score as a Predictor of Recurrence in Patients with High Grade Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Undergoing Intravesical Bacillus Calmette–Guerin Immunotherapy. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12030586. [PMID: 35328139 PMCID: PMC8947693 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12030586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A systemic inflammatory marker, the modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS), could predict outcomes in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NIMBC). We aimed to investigate the predictive power of mGPS in oncological outcomes in HG/G3 T1 NMIBC patients undergoing Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) therapy. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patient’s medical data from multicenter institutions. A total of 1382 patients with HG/G3 T1 NMIBC have been administered adjuvant intravesical BCG therapy, every week for 3 weeks given at 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 months. The analysis of mGPS for recurrence and progression was performed using multivariable and univariable Cox regression models. Results: During follow-up, 659 patients (47.68%) suffered recurrence, 441 (31.91%) suffered progression, 156 (11.28%) died of all causes, and 67 (4.84%) died of bladder cancer. At multivariable analysis, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio [hazard ratio (HR): 7.471; p = 0.0001] and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (HR: 0.706; p = 0.006 were significantly associated with recurrence. mGPS has no statistical significance for progression (p = 0.076). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed a significant difference in survival among patients from different mGPS subgroups. Five-year OS was 93% (CI 95% 92–94), in patients with mGPS 0, 82.2% (CI 95% 78.9–85.5) in patients with mGPS 1 and 78.1% (CI 95% 60.4–70) in mGPS 2 patients. Five-year CSS was 98% (CI 95% 97–99) in patients with mGPS 0, 90% (CI 95% 87–94) in patients with mGPS 1, and 100% in mGPS 2 patients. Limitations are applicable to a retrospective study. Conclusions: mGPS may have the potential to predict recurrence in HG/G3 T1 NMIBC patients, but more prospective, with large cohorts, studies are needed to study the influence of systemic inflammatory markers in prediction of outcomes in NMIBC for a definitive conclusion.
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Schuettfort VM, Gust K, D'Andrea D, Quhal F, Mostafaei H, Laukhtina E, Mori K, Rink M, Abufaraj M, Karakiewicz PI, Luzzago S, Rouprêt M, Enikeev D, Zimmermann K, Deuker M, Moschini M, Sari Motlagh R, Grossmann NC, Katayama S, Pradere B, Shariat SF. Impact of the preoperative modified glasgow prognostic score on disease outcome after radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Minerva Urol Nephrol 2021; 74:302-312. [PMID: 34114784 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6051.21.04216-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the predictive and prognostic value of the preoperative modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) in patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) treated with radical cystectomy (RC). METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of an established multicenter database consisting of 4,335 patients who were treated with RC +/- adjuvant chemotherapy for UCB between 1979 and 2012. The mGPS of each patient was calculated on the basis of preoperative serum C-reactive protein and albumin. Uni- and multivariable logistic and Cox regression analyses were performed. The discriminatory ability of the models was assessed by calculating the area under receiver operating characteristics curves (AUC) and concordance-indices (C-Index). The additional clinical net-benefit was assessed using the decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS A mGPS of 0, 1, and 2 was observed in 3,158 (72.8%), 1,020 (23.5%), and 157 (3.6%) patients, respectively. On multivariable logistic regression analyses, mGPS of 1 or 2 were associated with an increased risk of pT3/4 disease at RC (OR 1.25, p=0.004 and OR 2.58, p<0.001, respectively) and/or lymph node metastasis (OR 1.7, p<0.001 and OR 3.9, p<0.001, respectively). Addition of the mGPS to a predictive model based on preoperatively available variables improved its accuracy for prediction of lymph node metastasis (change of AUC +3.7%, p<0.001). On multivariable Cox regression analyses, mGPS of 1 or 2 remained associated with worse recurrence-free survival (HR 1.14, p=0.03 and HR 1.89 p<0.001, respectively), cancer-specific survival (HR 1.16, p=0.032 and HR 2.1, p<0.001, respectively) and overall survival (HR 1.5, p=0.007 and HR 1.92 p<0.001, respectively) compared to mGPS of 0. The additional discriminatory ability of the mGPS for prognosis of survival outcomes in separate models that included either established pre- or postoperative variables did not improve the C-Index by a prognostically relevant degree (change of C-Index <2% for all models). On DCA, the inclusion of the mGPS did not meaningfully improve the net-benefit for clinical decision-making regarding survival outcomes. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed that an elevated mGPS is an independent risk factor for non-organ confined disease and poor survival outcomes in patients with UCB undergoing RC. However, the mGPS showed little value in improving the discriminatory ability of predictive and prognostic models that relied on either pre- or postoperative clinicopathological variables. The discriminatory ability of this biomarker in the age of immunotherapy warrants further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Schuettfort
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kilian Gust
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David D'Andrea
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fahad Quhal
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Urology, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadi Mostafaei
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ekaterina Laukhtina
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Keiichiro Mori
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michael Rink
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mohammad Abufaraj
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Urology, Department of Special Surgery, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Pierre I Karakiewicz
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Stefano Luzzago
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Urology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Morgan Rouprêt
- GRC n°5, Predictive Onco-Urology, Ap-Hp, Urology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Dmitry Enikeev
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Marina Deuker
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marco Moschini
- Department of Urology, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Lucerne, Switzerland.,Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Reza Sari Motlagh
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nico C Grossmann
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Satoshi Katayama
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Urology Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Benjamin Pradere
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Urology, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Shahrokh F Shariat
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria - .,Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.,Division of Urology, Department of Special Surgery, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA.,Karl Landsteiner Institute of Urology and Andrology, Vienna, Austria.,European Association of Urology Research Foundation, Arnhem, Netherlands
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Yuk HD, Ku JH. Role of Systemic Inflammatory Response Markers in Urothelial Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1473. [PMID: 32974174 PMCID: PMC7471310 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma (UC) can occur in various parts of the urinary tract and occurs in different stages and grades. The disease recurs frequently and is monitored through a series of invasive tests, such as cystoscopy or ureteroscopy, over the lifetime of an individual. Although many researchers have attempted to stratify the risks of UC, with the majority being based on cancer characteristics and host factors such as performance status, a risk classification system has yet to be fully developed. Cancer affects various parts of the body through the systemic immune response, including changes in hormones, the number and ratio of white blood cells and platelets, and C-reactive protein (CRP) or albumin levels under the influence of neuroendocrine metabolism, hematopoietic function, and protein and energy metabolism, respectively. Herein, we reviewed various systemic inflammatory response markers (SIRs) related to UC, including CRP, albumin-globulin ratio, albumin, Glasgow prognostic score (GPS), modified GPS, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-lymphocyte ratio. Our aim was to summarize the role of various SIRs in the treatment of patients with UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Dong Yuk
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ja Hyeon Ku
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Bourn J, Rathore K, Donnell R, White W, Uddin MJ, Marnett L, Cekanova M. Detection of carcinogen-induced bladder cancer by fluorocoxib A. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1152. [PMID: 31775672 PMCID: PMC6882158 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6366-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional cystoscopy can detect advanced stages of bladder cancer; however, it has limitations to detect bladder cancer at the early stages. Fluorocoxib A, a rhodamine-conjugated analog of indomethacin, is a novel fluorescent imaging agent that selectively targets cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-expressing cancers. METHODS In this study, we have used a carcinogen N-butyl-N-4-hydroxybutyl nitrosamine (BBN)-induced bladder cancer immunocompetent mouse B6D2F1 model that resembles human high-grade invasive urothelial carcinoma. We evaluated the ability of fluorocoxib A to detect the progression of carcinogen-induced bladder cancer in mice. Fluorocoxib A uptake by bladder tumors was detected ex vivo using IVIS optical imaging system and Cox-2 expression was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and western blotting analysis. After ex vivo imaging, the progression of bladder carcinogenesis from normal urothelium to hyperplasia, carcinoma-in-situ and carcinoma with increased Ki67 and decreased uroplakin-1A expression was confirmed by histology and immunohistochemistry analysis. RESULTS The specific uptake of fluorocoxib A correlated with increased Cox-2 expression in progressing bladder cancer. In conclusion, fluorocoxib A detected the progression of bladder carcinogenesis in a mouse model with selective uptake in Cox-2-expressing bladder hyperplasia, CIS and carcinoma by 4- and 8-fold, respectively, as compared to normal bladder urothelium, where no fluorocoxib A was detected. CONCLUSIONS Fluorocoxib A is a targeted optical imaging agent that could be applied for the detection of Cox-2 expressing human bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Bourn
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.,UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.,Present address: Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Kusum Rathore
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.,Present address: The University of Tennessee Research Foundation, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Robert Donnell
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Wesley White
- Department of Urology, The University of Tennessee, Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, 37920, USA
| | - Md Jashim Uddin
- A. B. Hancock, Jr., Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Lawrence Marnett
- A. B. Hancock, Jr., Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Maria Cekanova
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA. .,UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
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Qi F, Xu Y, Zheng Y, Li X, Gao Y. Pre-treatment Glasgow prognostic score and modified Glasgow prognostic score may be potential prognostic biomarkers in urological cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:531. [PMID: 31807513 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.09.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The prognostic role of Glasgow prognostic score (GPS) or modified GPS (mGPS) in various cancers has been investigated. However, no unified conclusion could be drawn in urological cancers. So, we aimed to explore the potential role of GPS/mGPS in urological cancers. Methods Related studies were searched from PubMed, Web of Science and Embase up to May 30th, 2019 comprehensively. Their associations were assessed by the pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with its 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results A total of 20 related studies were enrolled in this meta-analysis. The outcomes revealed that a relatively lower level of pre-treatment GPS/mGPS was associated with better overall survival (OS), cancer specific survival (CSS)/disease-specific survival (DSS) and disease-free survival (DFS)/progress-free survival (PFS)/recurrence-free survival (RFS) (pooled HR =2.70; 95% CI, 1.81-4.01; pooled HR =2.90; 95% CI, 2.00-4.22; pooled HR =2.43; 95% CI, 1.62-3.66, respectively). Subgroup analysis by cancer type for OS indicated that GPS/mGPS could also be a predictor no matter in renal cell cancer (RCC) or bladder cancer (BC) (pooled HR =3.60; 95% CI, 2.07-6.28 and pooled HR =2.71; 95% CI, 1.08-6.82). Similar results could be found in CSS/DSS (RCC: HR =4.12; 95% CI, 2.69-6.30) and in DFS/ PFS/RFS (RCC: HR =2.66; 95% CI, 1.82-3.90 and BC: HR =1.52; 95% CI, 1.23-1.88). As for the treatment subgroup, pre-treatment GPS/mGPS played an independent role in OS for patients no matter in which treatment type (Surgery: pooled HR =2.16; 95% CI, 1.43-3.26; Chemotherapy: pooled HR =4.41; 95% CI, 2.27-8.58); the same in CSS/DSS (Surgery: pooled HR =3.28; 95% CI, 1.73-6.20; Immunotherapy: pooled HR =2.72; 95% CI, 1.87-3.96) and DFS/RFS/PFS (Surgery: pooled HR =2.54; 95% CI, 1.65-3.92). Lastly, both GPS and mGPS played prognostic role in OS, CSS/DSS or DFE/RFS/PFS (OS: GPS: pooled HR =2.12; 95% CI, 1.04-4.32; mGPS: pooled HR =3.12; 95% CI, 1.87-5.20; CSS/DSS: GPS: pooled HR =2.87; 95% CI, 2.11-3.91; mGPS: pooled HR =3.00; 95% CI, 1.60-5.63; DFS/RFS/PFS: GPS: pooled HR =3.61; 95% CI, 1.43-9.07; mGPS: pooled HR =1.99; 95% CI, 1.32-2.99). Conclusions This study shed light on that GPS/mGPS might be an independent prognostic factor in urological cancers, indicating that a lower level of pre-treatment GPS/mGPS was closely related to better survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qi
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yunqiu Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yuxiao Zheng
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Bourn J, Pandey S, Uddin J, Marnett L, Cekanova M. Detection of tyrosine kinase inhibitors-induced COX-2 expression in bladder cancer by fluorocoxib A. Oncotarget 2019; 10:5168-5180. [PMID: 31497247 PMCID: PMC6718263 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Among challenges of targeted therapies is the activation of alternative pro-survival signaling pathways in cancer cells, resulting in an acquired drug resistance. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is overexpressed in bladder cancer cells, making it an attractive molecular target for the detection and treatment of cancer. Fluorocoxib A is an optical imaging agent that selectively targets COX-2. In this study, we evaluated the ability of fluorocoxib A to monitor the responses of bladder cancer to targeted therapies in vivo. The effects of several tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs: axitinib, AB1010, toceranib, imatinib, erlotinib, gefitinib, imatinib, sorafenib, vandetanib, SP600125, UO126, and AZD 5438) on COX-2 expression were validated in ten human and canine bladder cancer cell lines (J82, RT4, T24, UM-UC-3, 5637, SW780, TCCSUP, K9TCC#1Lillie, K9TCC#2Dakota, K9TCC#5Lilly) in vitro. The effects of TKIs on bladder cancer in vivo were evaluated using the COX-2-expressing K9TCC#5Lilly xenograft mouse model and detected by fluorocoxib A. The increased COX-2 expression was detected by all tested TKIs in at least one of the tested COX-2-expressing bladder cancer cell lines (5637, SW780, TCCSUP, K9TCC#1Lillie, K9TCC#2Dakota, and K9TCC#5Lilly) in vitro. In addition, fluorocoxib A uptake correlated with the AB1010- and imatinib-induced COX-2 expression in the K9TCC#5Lilly xenografts in vivo. In conclusion, these results indicate that fluorocoxib A could be used for the monitoring the early responses to targeted therapies in COX-2-expressing bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Bourn
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.,University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.,Current address: Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Sony Pandey
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Jashim Uddin
- A. B. Hancock, Jr., Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Lawrence Marnett
- A. B. Hancock, Jr., Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Maria Cekanova
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.,University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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8
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Yue W, Liu B, Gao L, He M, Wang J, Zhang W, Chen L, Hu X, Xu L, Yang J. The pretreatment albumin to globulin ratio as a significant predictor in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 485:316-322. [PMID: 30006285 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pretreatment albumin to globulin ratio (AGR) has been used to predict survival in several types of tumors. However, whether AGR can predict outcomes in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains unclear. We evaluated the prognosis value of AGR in DLBCL patients. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the available serum biochemical results of 335 patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL before treatment. The AGR was calculated as: albumin (g/L)/globulin. X-tile program was used to generate an optimal cut-off value of 1.3 for AGR. And all patients were respectively divided into the low AGR and high AGR groups according to the cut-off value. RESULTS The low AGR group displayed more adverse clinical chacteristics, including old age, sex (female), increased β2-microglobulinpoor (β2-MG), increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), B symptoms, poor performance status (PS), advanced stage, number of extranodal sites ≥ 2 and higher International Prognostic Index (IPI). AGR was negatively correlated with age, IPI score, ECOG score, Ann Arbor stage, B symptoms, β2-MG, LDH, and extranodal involvement, while positively correlated with gender. Patients with a low AGR presented with significantly poorer overall survival (OS, P = .001). Multivariate analysis further demonstrated that a low AGR was an independent adverse predictor for OS (HR = 0.613; 95% CI = 0.412-0.910, P = .015). In addition, AGR distinguished patients with different prognosis in stage III-IV and the non-germinal center B cell-like lymphoma (non-GCB) groups, a low AGR was also significantly associated with poor OS in 2 groups. CONCLUSION Pretreatment AGR was a simple and effective clinical marker of survival in patients with DLBCL, and may had an additional prognostic value based on Ann Arbor stage and cell of origin for DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqin Yue
- Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Miaoxia He
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, CHINA
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Weiping Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaoxia Hu
- Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lili Xu
- Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jianmin Yang
- Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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9
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Bourn J, Cekanova M. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors potentiate receptor tyrosine kinase therapies in bladder cancer cells in vitro. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:1727-1742. [PMID: 29942116 PMCID: PMC6005335 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s158518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKIs) are used as targeted therapies for patients diagnosed with cancer with highly expressed receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), including the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and c-Kit receptor. Resistance to targeted therapies is partially due to the activation of alternative pro-survival signaling pathways, including cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. In this study, we validated the effects of two RTKIs, axitinib and AB1010, in combination with COX inhibitors on the V-akt murine thymoma oncogene homolog 1 (Akt) and COX-2 signaling pathways in bladder cancer cells. Methods The expression of several RTKs and their downstream signaling targets was analyzed by Western blot (WB) analysis in human and canine bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) cell lines. The effects of RTKIs and COX inhibitors in bladder TCC cells were assessed by MTS for cell viability, by Caspase-3/7 and Annexin V assay for apoptosis, by WB analysis for detection of COX-2 and Akt signaling pathways, and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels. Results All tested TCC cells expressed the c-Kit and PDGFRα receptors, except human 5637 cells that had low RTKs expression. In addition, all tested cells expressed COX-1, COX-2, Akt, extracellular signal regulated kinases 1/2, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhance of activated B cells proteins, except human UM-UC-3 cells, where no COX-2 expression was detected by WB analysis. Both RTKIs inhibited cell viability and increased apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in tested bladder TCC cells, which positively correlated with their expression levels of the PDGFRα and c-Kit receptors. RTKIs increased the expression of COX-2 in h-5637 and K9TCC#1Lillie cells. Co-treatment of indomethacin inhibited AB1010-induced COX-2 expression leading to an additive effect in inhibition of cell viability and PGE2 production in tested TCC cells. Conclusion Co-treatment of RTKIs with indomethacin inhibited cell viability and AB1010-induced COX-2 expression resulting in decreased PGE2 production in tested TCC cells. Thus, COX inhibition may further potentiate RTKIs therapies in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Bourn
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.,UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Maria Cekanova
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.,UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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10
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Stravodimou A, Tzelepi V, Papadaki H, Mouzaki A, Georgiou S, Melachrinou M, Kourea EP. Evaluation of T-lymphocyte subpopulations in actinic keratosis, in situ and invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. J Cutan Pathol 2018; 45:337-347. [PMID: 29419888 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) represent important regulators of carcinogenesis. Cutaneous invasive squamous cell carcinoma (inSCC) develops through precursor lesions, namely in situ squamous cell carcinoma (isSCC) and actinic keratosis (AK), representing a natural model of carcinogenesis. The study evaluates TIL subpopulations in inSCC and its precursors by comparing 2 semiquantitative scoring systems, and assesses the presence of regulatory T-cells (Tregs) in these lesions. METHODS Paraffin sections from 33 cases of AK, 19 isSCCs and 34 inSCCs with adjacent precursor lesions or normal skin (NS) were immunostained for CD3, CD4, CD8 and Foxp3. TIL subgroups were evaluated by the semiquantitative Klintrup-Mäkinen (K-M) score, and by a more detailed modification of this system. Treg counts were assessed by image analysis quantification. RESULTS An increase of all TIL subpolulations from precursor lesions toward inSCC was shown by both scoring systems. Treg counts progressively increased from NS to AK and isSCC, but decreased in inSCC. Tregs were more numerous in pT2 and around indolent inSCCs compared to T1 and aggressive subtypes. CONCLUSIONS T-cells and cytotoxic T-cells progressively increase in cutaneous squamous cell carcinogenesis, while Treg counts diminish in inSCC. The K-M score is an appropriate, easily applicable TIL scoring system in cutaneous inSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristea Stravodimou
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Tzelepi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Helen Papadaki
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Athanasia Mouzaki
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Sophia Georgiou
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Melachrinou
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Eleni P Kourea
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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11
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Oki S, Toiyama Y, Okugawa Y, Shimura T, Okigami M, Yasuda H, Fujikawa H, Okita Y, Yoshiyama S, Hiro J, Kobayashi M, Ohi M, Araki T, Inoue Y, Mohri Y, Kusunoki M. Clinical burden of preoperative albumin-globulin ratio in esophageal cancer patients. Am J Surg 2017; 214:891-898. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Zhang B, Song Y, Jin J, Zhou LQ, He ZS, Shen C, He Q, Li J, Liu LB, Wang C, Chen XY, Fan Y, Hu S, Zhang L, Yu W, Han WK. Preoperative Plasma Fibrinogen Level Represents an Independent Prognostic Factor in a Chinese Cohort of Patients with Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150193. [PMID: 26930207 PMCID: PMC4773108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased plasma fibrinogen is thought to contribute to tumor progression and metastasis. The association of plasma fibrinogen with clinicopathological characteristics, and the optimal cutoff with an ideal predictive value has not been fully determined in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). We aimed to investigate the clinical significance of this parameter in a Chinese cohort of patients with UTUC. Methods A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 184 operable UTUC patients in a Chinese cohort with a high incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). An optimal cutoff was set for further analysis according to validated web-based software. The associations of plasma fibrinogen with clinicopathological characteristics and survival were assessed. Multivariate analyses were performed to determine the independent prognostic factors. Results Elevated plasma fibrinogen was significantly associated with tumor necrosis, lymph node involvement, and a higher preoperative CKD stage, pathological tumor stage and grade (all P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that plasma fibrinogen ≥ 3.54 g/L predicted a poorer overall and cancer-specific survival than < 3.54 g/L (P < 0.001 for both). Multivariate analyses revealed that elevated preoperative plasma fibrinogen was an independent negative prognostic factor for overall survival (HR = 2.026; 95% CI: 1.226–3.349; P = 0.006) and cancer-specific survival (HR = 1.886; 95% CI: 1.019–3.490; P = 0.043). Conclusions Increased plasma fibrinogen was an independent prognostic risk factor for poor outcomes in UTUC. This parameter may serve as an effective biomarker with easy accessibility for evaluating prognosis for patients with UTUC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Song
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Qun Zhou
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Song He
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Shen
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qun He
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Bo Liu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cong Wang
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yu Chen
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Hu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (WY); (WKH)
| | - Wen-Ke Han
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (WY); (WKH)
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13
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Zhang B, Yu W, Zhou LQ, He ZS, Shen C, He Q, Li J, Liu LB, Wang C, Chen XY, Fan Y, Hu S, Zhang L, Han WK, Jin J. Prognostic Significance of Preoperative Albumin-Globulin Ratio in Patients with Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144961. [PMID: 26681341 PMCID: PMC4682975 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preoperative albumin-globulin ratio (AGR) reflects both malnutrition and systemic inflammation in cancer patients. In particular, systemic inflammation has been reported to contribute to tumor progression and poor oncological outcome in various malignancies. However, the prognostic value of preoperative AGR in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) has not been examined. Methods We retrospectively reviewed medical data of 187 operable UTUC patients in a Chinese cohort with a high incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). AGR was calculated as [AGR = albumin/(serum total protein—albumin)]. The associations of preoperative AGR with clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis were assessed. Multivariate analyses using Cox regression models were performed to determine the independent prognostic factors. Results The median (IQR) preoperative AGR was 1.50 (1.30–1.70), and the optimal cutoff value was determined to be 1.45 according to the receiver operating curve analysis. Low AGR was significantly associated with female gender, high CKD stage and tumor grade (P < 0.05). Eighty-three patients died before the follow-up endpoint. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that an AGR < 1.45 predicted significantly poorer overall and cancer-specific survivals compared to an AGR ≥ 1.45 (P < 0.001 and P = 0.008, respectively). Multivariate analyses showed that an AGR < 1.45 was an independent risk factor for poorer overall and cancer-specific survivals (P = 0.002 and P = 0.015, respectively). Conclusions Preoperative AGR can act as an effective biomarker with easy accessibility for evaluating the prognosis of patients with UTUC. AGR should be applied in UTUC patients for risk stratification and determination of optimal therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Qun Zhou
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Song He
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Shen
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qun He
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Bo Liu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cong Wang
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yu Chen
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Hu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Ke Han
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (WKH); (JJ)
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (WKH); (JJ)
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14
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Ferro M, De Cobelli O, Buonerba C, Di Lorenzo G, Capece M, Bruzzese D, Autorino R, Bottero D, Cioffi A, Matei DV, Caraglia M, Borghesi M, De Berardinis E, Busetto GM, Giovannone R, Lucarelli G, Ditonno P, Perdonà S, Bove P, Castaldo L, Hurle R, Musi G, Brescia A, Olivieri M, Cimmino A, Altieri V, Damiano R, Cantiello F, Serretta V, De Placido S, Mirone V, Sonpavde G, Terracciano D. Modified Glasgow Prognostic Score is Associated With Risk of Recurrence in Bladder Cancer Patients After Radical Cystectomy: A Multicenter Experience. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1861. [PMID: 26496339 PMCID: PMC4620818 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, many studies explored the role of inflammation parameters in the prognosis of urinary cancers, but the results were not consistent. The modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS), a systemic inflammation marker, is a prognostic marker in various types of cancers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the usefulness of the preoperative mGPS as predictor of recurrence-free (RFS), overall (OS), and cancer-specific (CSS) survivals in a large cohort of urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) patients.A total of 1037 patients with UBC were included in this study with a median follow-up of 22 months (range 3-60 months). An mGPS = 0 was observed in 646 patients (62.3%), mGPS = 1 in 297 patients (28.6 %), and mGPS = 2 in 94 patients (9.1%).In our study cohort, subjects with an mGPS equal to 2 had a significantly shorter median RFS compared with subjects with mGPS equal to 1 (16 vs 19 months, hazard ratio [HR] 1.54, 95% CI 1.31-1.81, P < 0.001) or with subjects with mGPS equal to 0 (16 vs 29 months, HR 2.38, 95% CI 1.86-3.05, P < 0.001). The association between mGPS and RFS was confirmed by weighted multivariate Cox model. Although in univariate analysis higher mGPS was associated with lower OS and CSS, this association disappeared in multivariate analysis where only the presence of lymph node-positive bladder cancer and T4 stage were predictors of worse prognosis for OS and CSS.In conclusion, the mGPS is an easily measured and inexpensive prognostic marker that was significantly associated with RFS in UBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ferro
- From the Division of Urology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy (MF, OD, DB, AC, DVM, GM, AB); Department of Urology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania (OD); Genitourinary Cancer Section, Medical Oncology Division, University Federico II, Napoli, Italy (CB, GD, SD); Division of Urology, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy (MC, VM); Department of Public Health, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy (DB); Urology Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA (RA); Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (MC); Department of Urology, University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy (MB); Division of Urology, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy (ED, GMB, RG); Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, Bari, Italy (GL, PD); Division of Urology, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy (SP); Department of Urology, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy (PB, LC, RH); Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy (MO, AC); Department of Urology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy (VA); Department of Urology, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy (RD, FC); Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, Institute of Urology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy (VS); Urologic Oncology, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA (GS); Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy (DT)
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15
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von der Emde L, Goltz D, Latz S, Müller SC, Kristiansen G, Ellinger J, Syring I. Prostaglandin receptors EP1-4 as a potential marker for clinical outcome in urothelial bladder cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2014; 4:952-962. [PMID: 25520883 PMCID: PMC4266727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins, especially prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and COX-2 play an important role in carcinogenesis of many tumors including bladder cancer (BCA). The PGE2 receptors EP1-4 regulate tumor cell growth, invasion and migration in different tumor entities but EP expression in BCA remains to be determined. In the present study we examined the expression of EP1-4 in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and normal urothelial tissue (NU) using immunohistochemistry. Nuclear and cytoplasmic EP1-4 expression was correlated with clinicopathological parameters and survival of BCA patients. EP1, EP2 and EP3 were significantly less expressed in the cytoplasm und nucleus of NMIBC and MIBC than in NU; EP4 cytoplasmic staining in MIBC was significantly higher compared to NU. The cytoplasmic staining was significantly more abundant in MIBC than in NMIBC in all investigated receptors except EP2. The level of EP staining in NMIBC was correlated with staging and grading, especially cytoplasmic EP1. Nuclear staining of EP1 was an independent predictor of BCA recurrence-free survival in NMIBC patients. EP receptors are dysregulated in BCA. The increase of EP1 may be used as prognostic parameter in NMIBC patients and its dysregulation could be targeted by specific EP1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura von der Emde
- Clinic for Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital of BonnGermany
| | - Diane Goltz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of BonnGermany
| | - Stefan Latz
- Clinic for Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital of BonnGermany
| | - Stefan C Müller
- Clinic for Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital of BonnGermany
| | | | - Jörg Ellinger
- Clinic for Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital of BonnGermany
| | - Isabella Syring
- Clinic for Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital of BonnGermany
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