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Wang Y, Liu Z, Pan C, Zheng Y, Chen Y, Lian X, Jiang Y, Chen C, Xue K, Zhang Y, Xu P, Liu K. Ultrasound-Driven Healing: Unleashing the Potential of Chondrocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Chondrogenesis in Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2836. [PMID: 37893208 PMCID: PMC10604747 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Repairing cartilage defects represents a significant clinical challenge. While adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC)-based strategies hold promise for cartilage regeneration, their inherent chondrogenic potential is limited. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from chondrocytes (CC-EVs) have shown potential in enhancing chondrogenesis, but their role in promoting chondrogenic differentiation of ADSCs remains poorly understood. Moreover, the clinical application of EVs faces limitations due to insufficient quantities for in vivo use, necessitating the development of effective methods for extracting significant amounts of CC-EVs. Our previous study demonstrated that low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS) stimulation enhances EV secretion from mesenchymal stem cells. Here, we identified a specific LIUS parameter for chondrocytes that increased EV secretion by 16-fold. CC-EVs were found to enhance cell activity, proliferation, migration, and 21-day chondrogenic differentiation of ADSCs in vitro, while EVs secreted by chondrocytes following LIUS stimulation (US-CC-EVs) exhibited superior efficacy. miRNA-seq revealed that US-CC-EVs were enriched in cartilage-regeneration-related miRNAs, contributing to chondrogenesis in various biological processes. In conclusion, we found that CC-EVs can enhance the chondrogenesis of ADSCs in vitro. In addition, our study introduces ultrasound-driven healing as an innovative method to enhance the quantity and quality of CC-EVs, meeting clinical demand and addressing the limited chondrogenic potential of ADSCs. The ultrasound-driven healing unleashes the potential of CC-EVs for chondrogenesis possibly through the enrichment of cartilage-regeneration-associated miRNAs in EVs, suggesting their potential role in cartilage reconstruction. These findings hold promise for advancing cartilage regeneration strategies and may pave the way for novel therapeutic interventions in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikai Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; (Y.W.); (Z.L.); (C.P.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (Y.J.); (C.C.); (K.X.)
| | - Zibo Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; (Y.W.); (Z.L.); (C.P.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (Y.J.); (C.C.); (K.X.)
| | - Chuqiao Pan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; (Y.W.); (Z.L.); (C.P.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (Y.J.); (C.C.); (K.X.)
| | - Yi Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; (Y.W.); (Z.L.); (C.P.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (Y.J.); (C.C.); (K.X.)
| | - Yahong Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; (Y.W.); (Z.L.); (C.P.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (Y.J.); (C.C.); (K.X.)
| | - Xiang Lian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; (Y.W.); (Z.L.); (C.P.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (Y.J.); (C.C.); (K.X.)
| | - Yu Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; (Y.W.); (Z.L.); (C.P.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (Y.J.); (C.C.); (K.X.)
| | - Chuhsin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; (Y.W.); (Z.L.); (C.P.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (Y.J.); (C.C.); (K.X.)
| | - Ke Xue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; (Y.W.); (Z.L.); (C.P.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (Y.J.); (C.C.); (K.X.)
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA;
| | - Peng Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; (Y.W.); (Z.L.); (C.P.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (Y.J.); (C.C.); (K.X.)
| | - Kai Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; (Y.W.); (Z.L.); (C.P.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (Y.J.); (C.C.); (K.X.)
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Xue K, Zhang X, Gao Z, Xia W, Qi L, Liu K. Cartilage progenitor cells combined with PHBV in cartilage tissue engineering. J Transl Med 2019; 17:104. [PMID: 30925884 PMCID: PMC6441183 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1855-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) and chondrocytes have been reported to present “dedifferentiation” and “phenotypic loss” during the chondrogenic differentiation process in cartilage tissue engineering, and cartilage progenitor cells (CPCs) are novel seeding cells for cartilage tissue engineering. In our previous study, cartilage progenitor cells from different subtypes of cartilage tissue were isolated and identified in vitro, but the study on in vivo chondrogenic characteristics of cartilage progenitor cells remained rarely. In the current study, we explored the feasibility of combining cartilage progenitor cells with poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) to produce tissue-engineered cartilage and compared the proliferation ability and chondrogenic characteristics of cartilage progenitor cells with those of bone marrow-derived stem cells and chondrocytes. Methods These three cells combined with PHBV were cultured in vitro for 1 week without chondrogenic induction and then transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice for 6 weeks. The cell-PHBV constructs were evaluated by gross observation, histological staining, glycosaminoglycan content measurement, biomechanical analysis and RT-PCR. Results The chondrocyte-PHBV constructs and CPC-PHBV constructs became an ivory-whitish cartilage-like tissue, while the BMSC-PHBV constructs became vascularized 6 weeks after the subcutaneous implantation. Histological examination showed that many typical cartilage structures were present in the chondrocyte group, some typical cartilage structures were observed in the CPC group, while no typical cartilage structures were observed in the BMSC group. Conclusions Cartilage progenitor cells may undergo chondrogenesis without chondrogenic induction and are better at chondrogenesis than BMSCs but worse than chondrocytes in the application of cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xue
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodie Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixu Gao
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No. 461, Bayi Avenue, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Wanyao Xia
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Radiology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, 221 West Yan-an Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
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Chen Y, Xue K, Zhang X, Zheng Z, Liu K. Exosomes derived from mature chondrocytes facilitate subcutaneous stable ectopic chondrogenesis of cartilage progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:318. [PMID: 30463592 PMCID: PMC6249792 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1047-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developing cartilage constructed with the appropriate matrix composition and persistent chondrogenesis remains an enduring challenge in cartilage defects. Cartilage progenitor cell (CPC)-based tissue engineering has attracted recent attention because of its strong chondrogenic differentiation capacity. However, due to the lack of a suitable chondrogenic niche, the clinical application of CPC-regenerated cartilage in the subcutaneous environment remains a challenge. In this study, exosomes derived from chondrocytes (CC-Exos) were used to provide the CPC constructs with a cartilage signal in subcutaneous environments for efficient ectopic cartilage regeneration. METHODS Rabbit CPC-alginate constructs were prepared and implanted subcutaneously in nude mice. CC-Exos were injected into the constructs at the same dose (30 μg exosomes per 100 μL injection) after surgery and thereafter weekly for a period of 12 weeks. Exosomes derived from bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC-Exos) were used as the positive control. The mice in the negative control were administered with the same volume of PBS. At 4 and 12 weeks after implantation, the potential of CC-Exos and BMSC-Exos to promote chondrogenesis and stability of cartilage tissue in a subcutaneous environment were analyzed by histology, immunostaining, and protein analysis. The influences of BMSC-Exos and CC-Exos on chondrogenesis and angiogenic characteristics in vitro were assessed via coculturing with CPCs and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. RESULTS The CC-Exos injection increased collagen deposition and minimized vascular ingrowth in engineered constructs, which efficiently and reproducibly developed into cartilage. The generated cartilage was phenotypically stable with minimal hypertrophy and vessel ingrowth up to 12 weeks, while the cartilage formed with BMSC-Exos was characterized by hypertrophic differentiation accompanied by vascular ingrowth. In vitro experiments indicated that CC-Exos stimulated CPCs proliferation and increased expression of chondrogenesis markers while inhibiting angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the novel CC-Exos provides the preferable niche in directing stable ectopic chondrogenesis of CPCs. The use of CC-Exos may represent an off-the-shelf and cell-free therapeutic approach for promoting cartilage regeneration in the subcutaneous environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahong Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 ZhiZaoJu Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Xue
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 ZhiZaoJu Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodie Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 ZhiZaoJu Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Zheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 ZhiZaoJu Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 639 ZhiZaoJu Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, 639 ZhiZaoJu Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 ZhiZaoJu Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
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Li H, Sun S, Liu H, Chen H, Rong X, Lou J, Yang Y, Yang Y, Liu H. Use of a biological reactor and platelet-rich plasma for the construction of tissue-engineered bone to repair articular cartilage defects. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:711-719. [PMID: 27446265 PMCID: PMC4950899 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage defects are a major clinical burden worldwide. Current methods to repair bone defects include bone autografts, allografts and external fixation. In recent years, the repair of bone defects by tissue engineering has emerged as a promising approach. The present study aimed to assess a novel method using a biological reactor with platelet-rich plasma to construct tissue-engineered bone. Beagle bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were isolated and differentiated into osteoblasts and chondroblasts using platelet-rich plasma and tricalcium phosphate scaffolds cultured in a bioreactor for 3 weeks. The cell scaffold composites were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and implanted into beagles with articular cartilage defects. The expression of osteogenic markers, alkaline phosphatase and bone γ-carboxyglutamate protein (BGLAP) were assessed using polymerase chain reaction after 3 months. Articular cartilage specimens were observed histologically. Adhesion and distribution of BMSCs on the β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffold were confirmed by SEM. Histological examination revealed that in vivo bone defects were largely repaired 12 weeks following implantation. The expression levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and BGLAP in the experimental groups were significantly elevated compared with the negative controls. BMSCs may be optimum seed cells for tissue engineering in bone repair. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) provides a rich source of cytokines to promote BMSC function. The β-TCP scaffold is advantageous for tissue engineering due to its biocompatibility and 3D structure that promotes cell adhesion, growth and differentiation. The tissue-engineered bone was constructed in a bioreactor using BMSCs, β-TCP scaffolds and PRP and displayed appropriate morphology and biological function. The present study provides an efficient method for the generation of tissue-engineered bone for cartilage repair, compared with previously used methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibo Li
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shui Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Haili Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xin Rong
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jigang Lou
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yunbei Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Zhang Q, Chen Y, Wang Q, Fang C, Sun Y, Yuan T, Wang Y, Bao R, Zhao N. Effect of bone marrow-derived stem cells on chondrocytes from patients with osteoarthritis. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:1795-800. [PMID: 26707906 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing numbers of individuals are suffering from osteoarthritis every year, and the directed intra-articular injection of bone marrow stem cells has provided a promising treatment strategy for osteoarthritis. Although a number of studies have demonstrated that intra-articular injection of bone marrow stem cells produced desirable results, the mechanism underlying this effect has not been elucidated. In the current study, the effect of bone marrow stem cells on chondrocytes from patients with osteoarthritis was observed in a co-culture system. Human chondrocytes were obtained from patients with osteoarthritis who underwent surgical procedures and bone marrow stem cells were obtained from bone marrow aspirates, and then the chondrocytes were then cultured alone or cocultured with bone marrow stem cells in 0.4-µm Transwell inserts. The differentiation and biological activity of chondrocytes in the culture system were measured, and the inflammatory factors and OA-associated markers were also measured. The results indicated that coculture with human bone marrow stem cells increases cell proliferation of chondrocytes and inhibits inflammatory activity in osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangzhi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Oncology, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Chaoyong Fang
- Department of Orthopedics, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Tao Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Yuebei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Rongni Bao
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Ningjian Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
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Zhang X, Xue K, Zhou J, Xu P, Huang H, Liu K. Chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow‑derived stem cells cultured in the supernatant of elastic cartilage cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:5355-60. [PMID: 26238630 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Repair of cartilage defects remains a challenge for surgeons, owing to its poor self‑repairing capacity. Cartilage tissue engineering, particularly marrow stem cell‑based cartilage regeneration, provides a promising option for the regeneration of damaged cartilage. Although producing tissue‑engineered cartilage from marrow stem cells appeared to be a feasible method, constructing certain sub‑types of cartilage, including elastic cartilage, remains difficult. Therefore, the present study explored the feasibility of constructing elastic cartilage by culturing bone marrow‑derived stem cells (BMSCs) in the supernatant of elastic cartilage cells to generate elastic cartilage. The elastic cartilage cells were obtained from the auricle cartilage of a newborn pig, and BMSCs were isolated from pig bone marrow aspirate. The supernatant of the chondrocytes was collected and then used to the culture BMSCs. At various time‑points, the differentiation of BMSCs was evaluated by gross view, histological examination and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. BMSCs changed from spindle‑shaped cells into polygonal cells with increasing culture time. The expression of collagen II and elastin was observed in the cells cultured in the supernatant of elastic chondrocytes, while no expression was observed in the control cells. Furthermore, the expression of collagen I and collagen X was downregulated in the cells cultured in the supernatant of elastic cartilage cells. The supernatant of elastic cartilage cells promoted the differentiation of BMSCs into elastic cartilage cells, which may be a promising method for constructing certain sub‑types of tissue‑engineered cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodie Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Ke Xue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Peng Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Huizhen Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Kai Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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Hu X, Zhu J, Li X, Zhang X, Meng Q, Yuan L, Zhang J, Fu X, Duan X, Chen H, Ao Y. Dextran-coated fluorapatite crystals doped with Yb3+/Ho3+ for labeling and tracking chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro and in vivo. Biomaterials 2015; 52:441-51. [PMID: 25818450 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Upconversion fluorescent nanoparticles are becoming more widely used as imaging contrast agents, owing to their high resolution and penetration depth, and avoidance of tissue auto-fluorescence and photodamage to cells. Here, we synthesized upconversion fluorescent crystals from rare-earth Yb3+ and Ho3+ co-doped fluorapatite (FA:Yb3+/Ho3+) suitable for long-term tracking and monitoring cartilage development (chondrogenesis) in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro and in vivo. We initially determined the structure, morphology and luminescence of the products using X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and two-photon confocal microscopy. When excited at 980 nm, FA:Yb3+/Ho3+ crystals exhibited distinct upconversion fluorescence peaks at 543 nm and 654 nm. We then conjugated FA:Yb3+/Ho3+ crystals with dextran to enhance hydrophilicity, biocompatibility and cell penetration. Next, we employed the dextran-coated FA:Yb3+/Ho3+ crystals in labeling and tracking chondrogenic differentiation processes in BMSCs stably expressing green fluorescent protein (BMSCsGFP) in vitro and in vivo. Labeled BMSCsGFP were shown to reproducibly exhibit chondrogenic differentiation potential in RT-PCR analysis, histological assessment and immunohistochemistry. We observed continuous luminescence from the FA:Yb3+/Ho3+ upconversion crystals at 4 weeks and 12 weeks post transplantation in BMSCsGFP, while GFP fluorescence in both control and crystal-treated groups significantly decreased at 12 weeks after BMSCsGFP transplantation. We therefore demonstrate the high biocompatibility and stability of FA:Yb3+/Ho3+ crystals in tracking and monitoring BMSCs chondrogenesis in vitro and in vivo, highlighting their excellent cell labeling potential in cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Hu
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxian Zhu
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyu Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyang Meng
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Yuan
- Medical and Healthy Analysis Centre, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiying Zhang
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Fu
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoning Duan
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingfang Ao
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.
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Guha Thakurta S, Budhiraja G, Subramanian A. Growth factor and ultrasound-assisted bioreactor synergism for human mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenesis. J Tissue Eng 2015; 6:2041731414566529. [PMID: 25610590 PMCID: PMC4300305 DOI: 10.1177/2041731414566529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound at 5.0 MHz was noted to be chondro-inductive, with improved SOX-9 gene and COL2A1 protein expression in constructs that allowed for cell-to-cell contact. To achieve tissue-engineered cartilage using macroporous scaffolds, it is hypothesized that a combination of ultrasound at 5.0 MHz and transforming growth factor-β3 induces human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation to chondrocytes. Expression of miR-145 was used as a metric to qualitatively assess the efficacy of human mesenchymal stem cell conversion. Our results suggest that in group 1 (no transforming growth factor-β3, no ultrasound), as anticipated, human mesenchymal stem cells were not efficiently differentiated into chondrocytes, judging by the lack of decrease in the level of miR-145 expression. Human mesenchymal stem cells differentiated into chondrocytes in group 2 (transforming growth factor-β3, no ultrasound) and group 3 (transforming growth factor-β3, ultrasound) with group 3 having a 2-fold lower miR-145 when compared to group 2 at day 7, indicating a higher conversion to chondrocytes. Transforming growth factor-β3-induced chondrogenesis with and without ultrasound stimulation for 14 days in the ultrasound-assisted bioreactor was compared and followed by additional culture in the absence of growth factors. The combination of growth factor and ultrasound stimulation (group 3) resulted in enhanced COL2A1, SOX-9, and ACAN protein expression when compared to growth factor alone (group 2). No COL10A1 protein expression was noted. Enhanced cell proliferation and glycosaminoglycan deposition was noted with the combination of growth factor and ultrasound stimulation. These results suggest that ultrasound at 5.0 MHz could be used to induce chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaurav Budhiraja
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Anuradha Subramanian
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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Xue K, Xia W, Zhang X, Qi L, Zhou J, Xu P, Liu K. Isolation and identification of stem cells in different subtype of cartilage tissue. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 15:623-32. [PMID: 25556915 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.989207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cartilage tissue engineering provided a promising therapy for the repair of cartilage defects, and seeding cells play a vital role in cartilage regeneration. Chondrocytes and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were reported to be the ideal seeding cells, but 'dedifferentiation' and 'unstable phenotype' of tissue-engineered cartilage constructed by the two cell type hamper their clinical application. Recently, cartilage tissue was reported to possess a stem cell population, which may be a more superior cell source in cartilage tissue engineering. METHODS In current study, we isolated a cell population from different subtype of cartilage tissue via a differential adhesion assay to fibronectin. RESULTS Flow cytometry analysis demonstrates the cell lines expressed mesenchyme stem cell positive surface marker such as CD29 and CD90. Meanwhile, the cells are highly proliferative and multipotent. Reverse transcription-PCR detection showed the cell population expressed osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation under different induction conditions. More interesting, monolayer cells underwent chondrogenic differentiation in the presence of dexamethasone and insulin-like growth factor 1. In addition, the expression of chondrogenic genes in cartilage-derived stem cells (CSCs) was higher than those in BMSCs. CONCLUSION CSC may become an ideal seeding cell in cartilage tissue engineering, owing to its stemness and chondrogenic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xue
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery , 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai 200011 , PR China +8613501909852 ; +862164397277 ;
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Autologous platelet‑rich plasma promotes proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of adipose‑derived stem cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:1298-303. [PMID: 25373459 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage regeneration is a promising potential therapy for articular cartilage defects and adult stem cells serve a key role in regenerative medicine. Adipose‑derived stem cells (ADSCs) have been identified as an alternative source of adult stem cells in recent years and can be differentiated into numerous types of cell, including chondrocytes, adipocytes and osteoblasts. However, their clinical use is restricted by the proliferation of cells, and their tendency to dedifferentiate. Platelet‑rich plasma (PRP) has recently emerged as a potential bioactive material to promote cell proliferation and differentiation, based on the release of growth factors. In the current study, the effect of autologous PRP on the proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of ADSCs was examined. The results indicated that PRP promotes ADSC proliferation and suggested that PRP leads to chondrogenic differentiation of ADSCs in vitro. When co‑cultured with chondrocytes, the ADSCs on three‑dimensional PRP scaffolds were able to form neocartilage, with positive staining of safranine O, which indicated the production of glycosaminoglycan, and type II collagen.
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11
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Xie A, Nie L, Shen G, Cui Z, Xu P, Ge H, Tan Q. The application of autologous platelet‑rich plasma gel in cartilage regeneration. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:1642-8. [PMID: 24993706 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage defect caused by disease or trauma remains a challenge for surgeons, owning to the limited healing capacity of cartilage tissues. Cartilage tissue engineering provides a novel approach to address this issue, and appears promising for patients with cartilage defects. The cell scaffold, as one of the three key elements of tissue engineering, plays an important role in cartilage tissue engineering. Platelet‑rich plasma (PRP), which is a fraction of the plasma containing multiple growth factors, has become a major research focus in the context of its use as a bioactive scaffold for tissue engineering. Therefore, we investigated the value of using PRP scaffolds combined with chondrocytes in cartilage tissue engineering. In this study, we examined the levels of growth factors in PRP, and the effects of PRP on cell proliferation and matrix synthesis in rabbit chondrocytes cultured in PRP. Short-term in vitro culture followed by long‑term in vivo implantation was performed to evaluate the chondrogenesis of neocartilage in vivo. The results show that PRP may provide a suitable environment for the proliferation and maturation of chondrocytes, and can be used as a promising bioactive scaffold for cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiguo Xie
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Lanjun Nie
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Gan Shen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Ziwei Cui
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Huaqiang Ge
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Qian Tan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
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Man Z, Yin L, Shao Z, Zhang X, Hu X, Zhu J, Dai L, Huang H, Yuan L, Zhou C, Chen H, Ao Y. The effects of co-delivery of BMSC-affinity peptide and rhTGF-β1 from coaxial electrospun scaffolds on chondrogenic differentiation. Biomaterials 2014; 35:5250-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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ZHOU MINGSHU, YU DONG. Cartilage tissue engineering using PHBV and PHBV/Bioglass scaffolds. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:508-14. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Li H, Tao Y, Liang C, Han B, Li F, Chen G, Chen Q. Influence of hypoxia in the intervertebral disc on the biological behaviors of rat adipose- and nucleus pulposus-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Cells Tissues Organs 2013; 198:266-77. [PMID: 24356285 DOI: 10.1159/000356505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) and nucleus pulposus-derived mesenchymal stem cells (NPMSCs) are two cell candidates for cell-based therapies for intervertebral disc (IVD) regeneration. However, little work has been done to determine the influence of hypoxia in the IVD on the biological behaviors of ADMSCs and NPMSCs. This study aimed to investigate the viability, proliferation and differentiation of rat ADMSCs and NPMSCs in the hypoxic environment of IVD in vitro. ADMSCs and NPMSCs isolated from 6 SD rats were cultured under normoxia (20% O2) and hypoxia (2% O2) mimicking the standard condition and hypoxic environment of the IVD for 14 days. Cell viability was determined by the annexin-V-FITC/propidium iodide double-staining assay and cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay. The expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, glucose transporter (GLUT)-1, GLUT-3 and vascular endothelial growth factor-A at the mRNA level was examined by RT-PCR. In cells cultured in three-dimensional micromass and differentiation medium, aggrecan, collagen-II and Sox-9 expression at mRNA and protein levels were examined by RT-PCR and Western blot. Hypoxia inhibited the viability and proliferation of both ADMSCs and NPMSCs, but promoted the chondrocytic differentiation of ADMSCs and NPMSCs. Compared to ADMSCs, NPMSCs showed greater viability, proliferation and chondrocytic differentiation under hypoxia. In conclusion, hypoxia in the IVD had a significant impact on the viability, proliferation and chondrocytic differentiation of ADMSCs and NPMSCs. NPMSCs exhibited more potent biological activity than ADMSCs in the hypoxic environment of the IVD and may represent another candidate for cell-based therapy for IVD regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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ZHANG ZHIQIANG, FANG YONGCHAO, WANG QIANG, SUN YU, XIONG CHUANZHI, CAO LI, WANG BEIYUE, BAO NIRONG, ZHAO JIANNING. Tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis regulates particle-induced inflammatory osteolysis via the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2012; 12:1499-505. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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