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Verduci E, Di Profio E, Corsello A, Scatigno L, Fiore G, Bosetti A, Zuccotti GV. Which Milk during the Second Year of Life: A Personalized Choice for a Healthy Future? Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103412. [PMID: 34684413 PMCID: PMC8540900 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrition in early life is a crucial element to provide all essential substrates for growth. Although this statement may appear obvious, several studies have shown how the intake of micro and macronutrients in toddlers differs a lot from the recommendations of scientific societies. Protein intake often exceeds the recommended amount, while the intake of iron and zinc is frequently insufficient, as well as Vitamin D. Nutritional errors in the first years of life can negatively impact the health of the child in the long term. To date, no clear evidence on which milk is suggested during the second year of life is yet to be established. In this study, we compare the nutrient profiles of cow’s milk and specific formulas as well as nutritional risks in toddlers linked to growth and childhood obesity development. The purpose of this review is to resume the latest clinical studies on toddlers fed with cow’s milk or young children formula (YCF), and the potential risks or benefits in the short and long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Verduci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20146 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.P.); (A.C.); (L.S.); (G.F.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Elisabetta Di Profio
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.P.); (A.C.); (L.S.); (G.F.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
- Department of Animal Sciences for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Corsello
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.P.); (A.C.); (L.S.); (G.F.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Lorenzo Scatigno
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.P.); (A.C.); (L.S.); (G.F.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Giulia Fiore
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.P.); (A.C.); (L.S.); (G.F.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Alessandra Bosetti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.P.); (A.C.); (L.S.); (G.F.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.P.); (A.C.); (L.S.); (G.F.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
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Moorthy D, Merrill R, Namaste S, Iannotti L. The Impact of Nutrition-Specific and Nutrition-Sensitive Interventions on Hemoglobin Concentrations and Anemia: A Meta-review of Systematic Reviews. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:1631-1645. [PMID: 32845972 PMCID: PMC7666908 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anemia is a multifactorial condition arising from inadequate nutrition, infection, chronic disease, and genetic-related etiologies. Our aim was to assess the impact of nutrition-sensitive and nutrition-specific interventions on hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations and anemia to inform the prioritization and scale-up of interventions to address the multiple causes of anemia. We performed a meta-review synthesis of information by searching multiple databases for reviews published between 1990 and 2017 and used standard methods for conducting a meta-review of reviews, including double independent screening, extraction, and quality assessment. Quantitative pooling and narrative syntheses were used to summarize information. Hb concentration and anemia outcomes were pooled in specific population groups (children aged <5 y, school-age children, and pregnant women). Methodological quality of the systematic reviews was assessed using Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) criteria. Of the 15,444 records screened, we identified 118 systematic reviews that met inclusion criteria. Reviews focused on nutrition-specific interventions (96%). Daily and intermittent iron supplementation, micronutrient powders, malaria treatment, use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), and delayed cord clamping were associated with increased Hb concentration in children aged <5 y. Among children older than 5 y, daily and intermittent iron supplementation and deworming, and in pregnant women, daily iron-folic acid supplementation, use of ITNs, and delayed cord clamping, were associated with increased Hb concentration. Similar results were obtained for the reduced risk of anemia outcome. This meta-review suggests the importance of nutrition-specific interventions for anemia and highlights the lack of evidence to understand the influence of nutrition-sensitive and multifaceted interventions on the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denish Moorthy
- USAID Advancing Nutrition (USAID AN), Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Rebecca Merrill
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sorrel Namaste
- The Demographic and Health Survey Program, ICF, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Lora Iannotti
- Brown School, Institute for Public Health, Washington University in St Louis, MO, USA
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Hajianfar H, Abbasi K, Azadbakht L, Esmaeilzadeh A, Mollaghasemi N, Arab A. The Association between Maternal Dietary Iron Intake during the First Trimester of Pregnancy with Pregnancy Outcomes and Pregnancy-Related Complications. Clin Nutr Res 2020; 9:52-62. [PMID: 32095448 PMCID: PMC7015730 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2020.9.1.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the associations of maternal dietary iron intake during the first trimester of pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes and related complications in pregnant women of Isfahan, Iran. In this prospective study, 812 healthy first-trimester singleton pregnant women were selected randomly from 20 various health centers across Isfahan city during 2015–2016. The maternal dietary iron classified into 2 groups, including heme and non-heme iron. Factors including pre-eclampsia, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and nausea and vomiting in pregnancy considered as the pregnancy-related complications. Infant's birth weight, birth height, and birth head circumference were also determined as the pregnancy-outcomes. There was a significant association between total iron consumption and infant head circumference (p = 0.01). Total maternal iron (the sum of heme and non-heme iron) was negatively associated with both infant's birth height (p = 0.006) and birth weight (p = 0.02). Non-heme iron consumption is positively associated with high-risk of IUGR (p = 0.004). Heme intake was associated with an increased risk of maternal fasting blood sugar (FBS) (p = 0.04). Higher heme, non-heme, and total iron intake were associated with lower risk of pre-eclampsia (heme: crude p = 0.05; non-heme iron: adjusted p = 0.02; total iron: adjusted p = 0.05). Maternal total iron intake was directly associated with infant head circumference, whereas, negatively associated with both birth weight and birth height. High non-heme iron intake may increase the risk of IUGR, and a high intake of heme iron may increase FBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Hajianfar
- Food Safety Research Center (salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 35131-19111, Iran.,Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 35131-19111, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Abbasi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14167-53955, Iran.,Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaeilzadeh
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Negar Mollaghasemi
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Arman Arab
- Student Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 35131-19111, Iran
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Xia XR, Jiang SW, Zhang Y, Hu YF, Yi HG, Liu J, Zhao NN, Chen J, Gao L, Cui YG, Liu JY. Serum levels of trace elements in children born after assisted reproductive technology. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 495:664-669. [PMID: 30248345 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The health and development of newborn children born via assisted reproductive technology (ART), as well as their health in adulthood, have raised great concern. This study was designed to investigate whether ART children have differences in the levels of trace elements compared with naturally conceived children. METHODS This study included those ART children and controls aged 1 to 12 years assessed with a follow-up protocol. Serum levels of the trace elements zinc, copper, iron, calcium, magnesium and lead were determined and analyzed. RESULTS There were no significant differences in age, gender or body weight between the ART and control groups. There were no significant differences in the rates of deficiency or excess of trace elements between the two groups. Serum lead levels in children born via ART were significantly higher than those in the controls, whereas the levels of zinc and iron were significantly decreased in the ART group, although these levels were still within the normal ranges. DISCUSSION These results indicate the need to monitor the blood levels of zinc, iron and lead in ART children aged 1-6 years old. These findings contribute to our understanding on the long-term safety of ART and may facilitate screening for potential diseases related to trace elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ru Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Shi-Wen Jiang
- The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China; Department of Biomedical Science, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - You-Fang Hu
- Department of Child Health, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hong-Gang Yi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Nan-Nan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Li Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yu-Gui Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Jia-Yin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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El Amin Aissiou MY, Assami MK, El Hadi Cherifi M, Djennadi N, Aroua H, Bitam A. Prolonged exclusive lactation and low educational level of mothers as potential risk factors for the occurrence of iron deficiency anemia among young Algerian preschool children living in poor rural area (Djelfa). MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2017. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-16104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Yehya El Amin Aissiou
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition and food Technology of Algiers, High National School of Agronomy of El Harrach, Street of Hassan Badi El Harrach, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Mustapha Kamel Assami
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition and food Technology of Algiers, High National School of Agronomy of El Harrach, Street of Hassan Badi El Harrach, Algiers, Algeria
| | | | | | - Hayet Aroua
- Clinical Laboratory of Larbaa, Larbaa, Blida, Algeria
| | - Arezki Bitam
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition and food Technology of Algiers, High National School of Agronomy of El Harrach, Street of Hassan Badi El Harrach, Algiers, Algeria
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