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den Braanker D, Maas R, Parr N, Deegens J, Smeets B, Wetzels J, van der Vlag J, Nijenhuis T. Novel mouse strains to study circulating permeability factor(s) in primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274959. [PMID: 36137166 PMCID: PMC9499224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrence of proteinuria after kidney transplantation in primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is unpredictable. Several putative circulating permeability factors (CPFs) have been suggested, but none have been validated. A clinically relevant experimental model is required that demonstrates the presence of CPF(s) in patient material, to study CPF(s) and possibly predict recurrence in patients. We aimed to develop a FSGS-prone Thy-1.1 transgenic mouse model with accelerated proteinuria after injection of samples from patients with FSGS. The Thy-1.1 transgene was backcrossed into 5 mouse strains. The age of onset and severity of spontaneous proteinuria varied between the different genetic backgrounds. 129X1/SvThy-1.1 and 129S2/SvPasThy-1.1 mice displayed proteinuria at 4 weeks, whereas Balb/cThy-1.1 and C57BL/6JThy-1.1 mice developed proteinuria from 6 weeks, and were used further. We determined the maximum protein dose that could be injected without causing protein overload in each background. Balb/cThy-1.1 and C57BL/6JThy-1.1 males and females were injected with presumably CPF-containing plasmapheresis effluent from 6 FSGS patients, which induced albuminuria particularly in Balb/cThy-1.1 males. Unfortunately, no response could be detected when using sera instead of plasmapheresis effluent, serum being more clinically relevant in the context of predicting FSGS recurrence. Considering the differences between responses elicited by serum and plasmapheresis effluent, simultaneously collected serum, plasma, and plasmapheresis effluent were tested. Whereas we could detect responses using a validated in vitro model, none of these presumably CPF-containing samples induced proteinuria in Balb/cThy-1.1 males. Thus, we have extensively tested the Thy-1.1 mouse model on different genetic backgrounds with proteinuria after injection of FSGS patient material as clinically relevant readout. The Balb/cThy-1.1 male mouse strain demonstrated the most promising results, but to detect CPF activity in FSGS serum e.g. prior to kidney transplantation, this strain clearly lacks sensitivity and is therefore not yet clinically applicable. It could, however, still be used as research tool to study CPFs in patient samples that did induce proteinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk den Braanker
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger Maas
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Naomi Parr
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Deegens
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Smeets
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jack Wetzels
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan van der Vlag
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Nijenhuis
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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The Pathophysiologic Role of Gelsolin in Chronic Kidney Disease: Focus on Podocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413281. [PMID: 34948078 PMCID: PMC8704698 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is normally related to proteinuria, a common finding in a compromised glomerular filtration barrier (GFB). GFB is a structure composed of glomerular endothelial cells, the basement membrane, and the podocytes. CKD with podocyte damage may be associated with actin cytoskeleton reorganization, resulting in podocyte effacement. Gelsolin plays a critical role in several diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Our current study aimed to determine the connection between gelsolin and podocyte, and thus the mechanism underlying podocyte injury in CKD. Experiments were carried out on Drosophila to demonstrate whether gelsolin had a physiological role in maintaining podocyte. Furthermore, the survival rate of gelsolin-knocked down Drosophila larvae was extensively reduced after AgNO3 exposure. Secondly, the in vitro podocytes treated with puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) enhanced the gelsolin protein expression, as well as small GTPase RhoA and Rac1, which also regulated actin dynamic expression incrementally with the PAN concentrations. Thirdly, we further demonstrated in vivo that GSN was highly expressed inside the glomeruli with mitochondrial dysfunction in a CKD mouse model. Our findings suggest that an excess of gelsolin may contribute to podocytes damage in glomeruli.
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Ardalan M, Hosseiniyan Khatibi SM, Rahbar Saadat Y, Bastami M, Nariman-Saleh-Fam Z, Abediazar S, Khalilov R, Zununi Vahed S. Migrasomes and exosomes; different types of messaging vesicles in podocytes. Cell Biol Int 2021; 46:52-62. [PMID: 34647672 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Podocytes, highly specified kidney epithelial cells, live under several pathological stimuli and stresses during which they adapt themselves to keep homeostasis. Nevertheless, under extreme stress, a complex scenario of podocyte damage and its consequences occur. Podocyte damage causes foot process effacement and their detachment from the glomerular basement membrane, leading to proteinuria. Podocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (pEVs), mainly microparticles and exosomes are considered as signaling mediators of intercellular communication. Recently, it has been shown that throughout the injury-related migration procedure, podocytes are capable of releasing the injury-related migrasomes. Evidence indicates that at the early stages of glomerular disorders, increased levels of pEVs are observed in urine. At the early stage of nephropathy, pEVs especially migrasomes seem to be more sensitive and reliable indicators of podocyte stress and/or damage than proteinuria. This review highlights the current knowledge of pEVs and their values for the diagnosis of different kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Milad Bastami
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Ziba Nariman-Saleh-Fam
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sima Abediazar
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rovshan Khalilov
- Department of Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan.,Joint Ukraine-Azerbaijan International Research and Education Center of Nanobiotechnology and Functional Nanosystems, Drohobych, Ukraine
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Ma J, Zhang Y, Sugai T, Kubota T, Keino H, El-Salhy M, Ozaki M, Umezawa K. Inhibition of Cellular and Animal Inflammatory Disease Models by NF-κB Inhibitor DHMEQ. Cells 2021; 10:2271. [PMID: 34571920 PMCID: PMC8466912 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
General inflammatory diseases include skin inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, sepsis, arteriosclerosis, and asthma. Although these diseases have been extensively studied, most of them are still difficult to treat. Meanwhile, NF-κB is a transcription factor promoting the expression of many inflammatory mediators. NF-κB is likely to be involved in the mechanism of most inflammatory diseases. We discovered a specific NF-κB inhibitor, dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin (DHMEQ), about 20 years ago by molecular design from a natural product. It directly binds to and inactivates NF-κB components. It has been widely used to suppress cellular and animal inflammatory disease models and was shown to be potent in vivo anti-inflammatory activity without any toxicity. We have prepared ointment of DHMEQ for the treatment of severe skin inflammation. It inhibited inflammatory cytokine expressions and lowered the clinical score in mouse models of atopic dermatitis. Intraperitoneal (IP) administration of DHMEQ ameliorated various disease models of inflammation, such as rheumatoid arthritis, sepsis, and also graft rejection. It has been suggested that inflammatory cells in the peritoneal cavity would be important for most peripheral inflammation. In the present review, we describe the synthesis, mechanism of action, and cellular and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities and discuss the clinical use of DHMEQ for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- Shenzhen Wanhe Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518107, China;
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China;
| | - Takeshi Sugai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan;
| | - Tetsuo Kubota
- Department of Medical Technology, Tsukuba International University, Tsuchiura 300-0051, Japan;
| | - Hiroshi Keino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan;
| | - Magdy El-Salhy
- Department of Medicine, Stord Helse-Fonna Hospital, Tysevegen 64, 54 16 Stord, Norway;
| | - Michitaka Ozaki
- Department of Biological Response and Regulation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan;
| | - Kazuo Umezawa
- Department of Molecular Target Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
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5
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Sun H, Perez-Gill C, Schlöndorff JS, Subramanian B, Pollak MR. Dysregulated Dynein-Mediated Trafficking of Nephrin Causes INF2-related Podocytopathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:307-322. [PMID: 33443052 PMCID: PMC8054882 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020081109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND FSGS caused by mutations in INF2 is characterized by a podocytopathy with mistrafficked nephrin, an essential component of the slit diaphragm. Because INF2 is a formin-type actin nucleator, research has focused on its actin-regulating function, providing an important but incomplete insight into how these mutations lead to podocytopathy. A yeast two-hybridization screen identified the interaction between INF2 and the dynein transport complex, suggesting a newly recognized role of INF2 in regulating dynein-mediated vesicular trafficking in podocytes. METHODS Live cell and quantitative imaging, fluorescent and surface biotinylation-based trafficking assays in cultured podocytes, and a new puromycin aminoglycoside nephropathy model of INF2 transgenic mice were used to demonstrate altered dynein-mediated trafficking of nephrin in INF2 associated podocytopathy. RESULTS Pathogenic INF2 mutations disrupt an interaction of INF2 with dynein light chain 1, a key dynein component. The best-studied mutation, R218Q, diverts dynein-mediated postendocytic sorting of nephrin from recycling endosomes to lysosomes for degradation. Antagonizing dynein-mediated transport can rescue this effect. Augmented dynein-mediated trafficking and degradation of nephrin underlies puromycin aminoglycoside-induced podocytopathy and FSGS in vivo. CONCLUSIONS INF2 mutations enhance dynein-mediated trafficking of nephrin to proteolytic pathways, diminishing its recycling required for maintaining slit diaphragm integrity. The recognition that dysregulated dynein-mediated transport of nephrin in R218Q knockin podocytes opens an avenue for developing targeted therapy for INF2-mediated FSGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Sun
- Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Renal Division, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Chandra Perez-Gill
- Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Johannes S Schlöndorff
- Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Balajikarthick Subramanian
- Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Martin R. Pollak
- Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Darvishzadeh Mahani F, Khaksari M, Raji-Amirhasani A. Renoprotective effects of estrogen on acute kidney injury: the role of SIRT1. Int Urol Nephrol 2021; 53:2299-2310. [PMID: 33458788 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-020-02761-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common syndrome associated with high morbidity and mortality, despite progress in medical care. Many studies have shown that there are sex differences and different role of sex hormones particularly estrogens in kidney injury. In this regard, the incidence and rate of progression of kidney diseases are higher in men compared with women. These observations suggest that female sex hormone may be renoprotective. Silent information regulator 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) is a histone deacetylase, which is implicated in multiple biologic processes in several organisms. In the kidneys, SIRT1 inhibits renal cell apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Studies have reported a link between SIRT1 and estrogen. In addition, SIRT1 regulates ERα expression and inhibition of SIRT1 activity suppresses ERα expression. This effect leads to inhibition of estrogen-responsive gene expression. In this text, we review the role of SIRT1 in mediating the protective effects of estrogen in the onset and progression of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Darvishzadeh Mahani
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Alireza Raji-Amirhasani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Liu Y, Li S, Rong W, Zeng C, Zhu X, Chen Q, Li L, Liu ZH, Zen K. Podocyte-Released Migrasomes in Urine Serve as an Indicator for Early Podocyte Injury. KIDNEY DISEASES 2020; 6:422-433. [PMID: 33313063 DOI: 10.1159/000511504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Levels of urinary microvesicles, which are increased during various kidney injuries, have diagnostic potential for renal diseases. However, the significance of urinary microvesicles as a renal disease indicator is dampened by the difficulty to ascertain their cell source. Objectives The aim of this study was to demonstrate that podocytes can release migrasomes, a unique class of microvesicle with size ranging between 400 and 2,000 nm, and the urine level of migrasomes may serve as novel non-invasive biomarker for early podocyte injury. Method In this study, immunofluorescence labeling, electronic microscopy, nanosite, and sequential centrifugation were used to purify and analyze migrasomes. Results Migrasomes released by podocytes differ from exosomes as they have different content and mechanism of release. Compared to podocytes, renal tubular cells secrete markedly less migrasomes. Moreover, secretion of migrasomes by human or murine podocytes was strongly augmented during podocyte injuries induced by LPS, puromycin amino nucleoside (PAN), or a high concentration of glucose (HG). LPS, PAN, or HG-induced podocyte migrasome release, however, was blocked by Rac-1 inhibitor. Strikingly, a higher level of podocyte migrasomes in urine was detected in mice with PAN-nephropathy than in control mice. In fact, increased urinary migrasome number was detected earlier than elevated proteinuria during PAN-nephropathy, suggesting that urinary migrasomes are a more sensitive podocyte injury indicator than proteinuria. Increased urinary migrasome number was also detected in diabetic nephropathy patients with proteinuria level <5.5 g/day. Conclusions Our findings reveal that podocytes release the "injury-related" migrasomes during migration and provide urinary podocyte migrasome as a potential diagnostic marker for early podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biotechnology, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Shan Li
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biotechnology, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Rong
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biotechnology, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Caihong Zeng
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qilin Chen
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Limin Li
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biotechnology, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Zen
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biotechnology, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Nanjing, China
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Zhai S, Li M, Sun B, Han Y. Amelioration of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Nephrotic Proteinuria by NFAT5 Depletion Involves Suppressed NF-κB Activity. Inflammation 2020; 42:1326-1335. [PMID: 30826989 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-00993-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is characterized by proteinuria, in which podocyte dysfunction associated with NF-κB-mediated inflammation plays an important role. The nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) has been shown to enhance NF-κB activity. However, whether NFAT5 is associated with proteinuria remains uncharacterized. NFAT5 is upregulated in the glomeruli in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse nephrotic proteinuria, as well as in LPS-treated podocytes in vitro. In addition, NFAT5 depletion improves filtration barrier function of LPS-treated podocytes in vitro. Mechanistically, NFAT5 depletion suppresses NF-κB activation and downstream proinflammatory reaction in LPS-treated podocytes, and moreover, NF-κB inhibition improves filtration barrier function of LPS-treated podocytes, suggesting that the suppressed NF-κB activity at least partly accounts for NFAT5 depletion-improved filtration barrier function. Furthermore, in vivo, depletion of NFAT5 suppresses NF-κB activity and ameliorates nephrotic proteinuria in LPS-treated mice. These findings suggest a protective role of NFAT5 depletion against LPS-induced nephrotic proteinuria and relate it to the suppression of NF-κB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubo Zhai
- Department of Pediatric Nephropathy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Meina Li
- Department of Infection Control, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Baichao Sun
- Department of Pediatric Nephropathy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yanyan Han
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71 of Xin Min Street, Chang Chun, 130021, Jilin Province, China.
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Dai R, Liu H, Han X, Liu J, Zhai Y, Rao J, Shen Q, Xu H. Angiopoietin-like-3 knockout protects against glomerulosclerosis in murine adriamycin-induced nephropathy by attenuating podocyte loss. BMC Nephrol 2019; 20:185. [PMID: 31126248 PMCID: PMC6533758 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-019-1383-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiopoietin-like-3 (Angptl3) knockout is known for its protective effects on podocyte injury and proteinuria in the early stage of adriamycin (ADR) nephropathy. The current study re-evaluated the renoprotective effect of Angptl3 knockout in chronic ADR nephropathy and attempted to explore the mechanism underlying the effect associated with Angptl3 knockout in glomerulosclerosis. Methods B6; 129S5 mice were injected with ADR to induce nephropathy. Kidney structure and serum and urine parameters were observed during long-term follow-up. Cultured primary mouse podocytes were exposed to ADR and analyzed for the expression of some relative proteins. Podocyte loss was analyzed in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. Results Angptl3 knockout attenuated proteinuria and hypoproteinemia, protected renal structure and function, and improved the survival of mice over the whole process of ADR nephropathy. Furthermore, Angptl3 knockout reduced the numbers of the detached and apoptotic cells in the renal tissue and alleviated podocyte loss in mice with ADR chronic nephropathy, thereby, delaying the glomerulosclerosis formation. Additional results in vitro showed that Angptl3 knockout attenuated ADR-induced primary podocyte loss, including podocyte detachment and apoptosis. Conclusion In addition to serving a renoprotective role in the early stage of ADR nephropathy, Angptl3 knockout contributed to disease amelioration throughout the ADR nephropathy process. Angptl3 knockout effectively delayed glomerulosclerosis formation by attenuating podocyte loss through rescuing podocytes from detachment and apoptosis. Angptl3 antagonists or inhibitors might have therapeutic potential in the occurrence and progression of nephropathy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12882-019-1383-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufeng Dai
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China.,Shanghai Kidney Development & Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Haimei Liu
- Shanghai Kidney Development & Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, 201102, China.,Department of Rheumatism, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Xinli Han
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China.,Shanghai Kidney Development & Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Junchao Liu
- Shanghai Kidney Development & Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, 201102, China.,Department of Chinese Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Yihui Zhai
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China.,Shanghai Kidney Development & Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Jia Rao
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China.,Shanghai Kidney Development & Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China.,Shanghai Kidney Development & Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China. .,Shanghai Kidney Development & Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, 201102, China.
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Li L, Liu Y, Li S, Yang R, Zeng C, Rong W, Liang H, Zhang M, Zhu X, Kidder K, Liu Y, Liu Z, Zen K. Signal regulatory protein α protects podocytes through promoting autophagic activity. JCI Insight 2019; 5:124747. [PMID: 30888336 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
High autophagic activity in podocytes, terminally differentiated cells which serve as main components of the kidney filtration barrier, is essential for podocyte survival under various challenges. How podocytes maintain such a high level of autophagy, however, remains unclear. Here we report that signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) plays a key role in promoting podocyte autophagy. Unlike other glomerular cells, podocytes strongly express SIRPα, which is, however, downregulated in patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and mice with experimental nephropathy. Podocyte SIRPα levels are inversely correlated with the severity of podocyte injury and proteinuria but positively with autophagy. Compared to wild-type littermates, Sirpa-deficient mice display greater age-related podocyte injury and proteinuria and develop more rapid and severe renal injury in various models of experimental nephropathy. Mechanistically, podocyte SIRPα strongly reduces Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling, leading to an increase in autophagic activity. Our findings thus demonstrate a critical protective role of SIRPα in podocyte survival via maintaining autophagic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Shan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Caihong Zeng
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongwei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Program of Cell and Molecular Immunology, Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mingchao Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Koby Kidder
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Program of Cell and Molecular Immunology, Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Program of Cell and Molecular Immunology, Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zhihong Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Zen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Nanjing, China
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11
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Cellular and molecular mechanisms of kidney fibrosis. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 65:16-36. [PMID: 29909119 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the final pathological process common to any ongoing, chronic kidney injury or maladaptive repair. It is considered as the underlying pathological process of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which affects more than 10% of world population and for which treatment options are limited. Renal fibrosis is defined by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, which disrupts and replaces the functional parenchyma that leads to organ failure. Kidney's histological structure can be divided into three main compartments, all of which can be affected by fibrosis, specifically termed glomerulosclerosis in glomeruli, interstitial fibrosis in tubulointerstitium and arteriosclerosis and perivascular fibrosis in vasculature. In this review, we summarized the different appearance, cellular origin and major emerging processes and mediators of fibrosis in each compartment. We also depicted and discussed the challenges in translation of anti-fibrotic treatment to clinical practice and discuss possible solutions and future directions.
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Kino J, Tsuji S, Kitao T, Akagawa Y, Yamanouchi S, Kimata T, Kaneko K. Antiproteinuric effect of an endothelin-1 receptor antagonist in puromycin aminonucleoside-induced nephrosis in rat. Pediatr Res 2018; 83:1041-1048. [PMID: 29360807 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2018.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundThe pathogenesis of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) remains unclear, although recent studies suggest endothelin 1 (ET-1) and CD80 of podocytes are involved. We investigated the potential of antagonist to ET-1 receptor type A (ETRA) as therapeutic agent through the suppression of CD80 in a rat model of INS.MethodsPuromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) was injected to Wister rats to induce proteinuria: some were treated with ETRA antagonist and others were treated with 0.5% methylcellulose. Blood and tissue samples were collected. Quantitative PCR was used to determine the expression of Toll-like receptor-3 (TLR-3), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), CD80, talin, ETRA, and ET-1 in the kidney. To confirm the level of CD80 protein expression, immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis of the renal tissue were performed.ResultsAmount of proteinuria in the treatment group was significantly lower than the other groups. The same-day body weight, serum creatinine values, and blood pressure were not significantly different. ETRA antagonist restores podocyte foot process effacement as well as the aberrant expression of TLR-3, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and CD80 in PAN-injured kidneys.ConclusionsThe ETRA antagonist may be promising drug for INS as it showed an antiproteinuric effect. Its action was considered to be through suppression of CD80 expression on podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Kino
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shoji Tsuji
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kitao
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuko Akagawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Takahisa Kimata
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazunari Kaneko
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
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Zhao X, Hwang DY, Kao HY. The Role of Glucocorticoid Receptors in Podocytes and Nephrotic Syndrome. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR RESEARCH 2018; 5. [PMID: 30417008 PMCID: PMC6224173 DOI: 10.11131/2018/101323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid receptor (GC), a founding member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, is a glucocorticoid-activated transcription factor that regulates gene expression and controls the development and homeostasis of human podocytes. Synthetic glucocorticoids are the standard treatment regimens for proteinuria (protein in the urine) and nephrotic syndrome (NS) caused by kidney diseases. These include minimal change disease (MCD), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), membranous nephropathy (MN) and immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) or subsequent complications due to diabetes mellitus or HIV infection. However, unwanted side effects and steroid-resistance remain major issues for their long-term use. Furthermore, the mechanism by which glucocorticoids elicit their renoprotective activity in podocyte and glomeruli is poorly understood. Podocytes are highly differentiated epithelial cells that contribute to the integrity of kidney glomerular filtration barrier. Injury or loss of podocytes leads to proteinuria and nephrotic syndrome. Recent studies in multiple experimental models have begun to explore the mechanism of GC action in podocytes. This review will discuss progress in our understanding of the role of glucocorticoid receptor and glucocorticoids in podocyte physiology and their renoprotective activity in nephrotic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Daw-Yang Hwang
- Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ying Kao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Yamagata A, Uchida T, Yamada Y, Nakanishi T, Nagai K, Imakiire T, Oshima N, Kumagai H. Rapid clinical improvement of amyloid A amyloidosis following treatment with tocilizumab despite persisting amyloid deposition: a case report. BMC Nephrol 2017; 18:377. [PMID: 29287589 PMCID: PMC5747944 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-017-0799-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Amyloid A amyloidosis is one of the most common forms of amyloidosis. It is secondary to rheumatoid arthritis, which is difficult to manage and has a poor prognosis. We present a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and amyloid A amyloidosis who was treated with tocilizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against interleukin 6 receptor, resulting in improvement in both proteinuria and gastrointestinal symptoms; however, amyloid deposition remained. Case presentation A 67-year-old woman who had previously been treated for rheumatoid arthritis presented with abdominal pain and diarrhea. Right renal cell carcinoma was found, and amyloid A amyloidosis was diagnosed concomitantly based on colon biopsy. The renal cell carcinoma was resected, and the non-cancerous part of the renal tissue also showed amyloid A deposition. Following surgery, protein levels in the urine increased to the nephrotic range, and administration of tocilizumab was initiated, which resulted in resolution of the proteinuria. The patient’s gastrointestinal symptoms were also alleviated. However, repeat colon biopsy showed amyloid deposition. Conclusions This case of amyloid A amyloidosis suggests that amyloid deposition indicates only structural change of the affected tissue, and that it is not amyloid deposition per se that causes the clinical symptoms of amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yamagata
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Uchida
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Yuji Yamada
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakanishi
- Department of Rheumatology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazue Nagai
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Imakiire
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Naoki Oshima
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Hiroo Kumagai
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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Rabe M, Schaefer F. Non-Transgenic Mouse Models of Kidney Disease. Nephron Clin Pract 2016; 133:53-61. [PMID: 27212380 DOI: 10.1159/000445171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models are essential tools to understand the mechanisms underlying the development and progression of renal disease and to study potential therapeutic approaches. Recently, interventional models suitable to induce acute and chronic kidney disease in the mouse have become a focus of interest due to the wide availability of genetically engineered mouse lines. These models differ by their damaging mechanism (cell toxicity, immune mechanisms, surgical renal mass reduction, ischemia, hypertension, ureter obstruction etc.), functional and histomorphological phenotype and disease evolution. The susceptibility to a damaging mechanism often depends on strain and gender. The C57BL/6 strain, the most commonly used genetic background of transgenic mice, appears to be relatively resistant against developing glomerulosclerosis, proteinuria and hypertension. This review serves to provide a comprehensive overview of interventional mouse models of acute and chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rabe
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Podocyte-specific NF-κB inhibition ameliorates proteinuria in adriamycin-induced nephropathy in mice. Clin Exp Nephrol 2016; 21:16-26. [PMID: 27089875 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-016-1268-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Podocytes play a central role in the formation of the glomerular filtration barrier in the kidney, and their dysfunction has been shown to result in proteinuria. In the present study, we sought to determine the cell-autonomous role of NF-κB, a proinflammatory signaling, within podocytes in proteinuric kidney disease. METHODS Podocyte-specific IκBΔN transgenic (Pod-IκBΔN) mice, in which NF-κB was inhibited specifically in podocytes, were generated by the Cre-loxP technology, and their phenotype was compared with control mice in adriamycin-induced nephropathy. RESULTS Pod-IκBΔN mice were phenotypically normal and did not exhibit proteinuria at the physiological condition. By the intravenous administration of adriamycin, overt proteinuria appeared in Pod-IκBΔN mice, as well as in control mice. However, of interest, the amount of proteinuria was significantly lower in adriamycin-injected Pod-IκBΔN mice (373 ± 122 mg albumin/g creatinine), compared with adriamycin-injected control mice (992 ± 395 mg albumin/g creatinine). Expression of podocyte-selective slit diaphragm-associated proteins, such as nephrin and synaptopodin, was markedly decreased by adriamycin injection in control mice, whereas the reduction was attenuated in Pod-IκBΔN mice. Adriamycin-induced reduction in synaptopodin expression was also seen in cultured podocytes derived from control mice, but not in those from Pod-IκBΔN mice. CONCLUSIONS Because nephrin and synaptopodin are essential for the maintenance of the slit diaphragm in podocytes, these results suggest that proteinuria in adriamycin-induced nephropathy is caused by the reduction in expression of these proteins. The results also suggest that the NF-κB signalling in podocytes cell-autonomously contributes to proteinuria through the regulation of these proteins.
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Abstract
Podocytes are highly specialized cells of the kidney glomerulus that wrap around capillaries and that neighbor cells of the Bowman’s capsule. When it comes to glomerular filtration, podocytes play an active role in preventing plasma proteins from entering the urinary ultrafiltrate by providing a barrier comprising filtration slits between foot processes, which in aggregate represent a dynamic network of cellular extensions. Foot processes interdigitate with foot processes from adjacent podocytes and form a network of narrow and rather uniform gaps. The fenestrated endothelial cells retain blood cells but permit passage of small solutes and an overlying basement membrane less permeable to macromolecules, in particular to albumin. The cytoskeletal dynamics and structural plasticity of podocytes as well as the signaling between each of these distinct layers are essential for an efficient glomerular filtration and thus for proper renal function. The genetic or acquired impairment of podocytes may lead to foot process effacement (podocyte fusion or retraction), a morphological hallmark of proteinuric renal diseases. Here, we briefly discuss aspects of a contemporary view of podocytes in glomerular filtration, the patterns of structural changes in podocytes associated with common glomerular diseases, and the current state of basic and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Reiser
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mehmet M Altintas
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Yamanouchi S, Adachi Y, Shimo T, Umezawa K, Okigaki M, Tsuji S, Li M, Takaya J, Kuge T, Ikehara S, Kaneko K. A nuclear factor-κB inhibitor, dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin, ameliorates GVHD in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Immunobiology 2015; 220:1059-66. [PMID: 26004346 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kaneko K, Tsuji S, Kimata T, Kitao T, Yamanouchi S, Kato S. Pathogenesis of childhood idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: a paradigm shift from T-cells to podocytes. World J Pediatr 2015; 11:21-8. [PMID: 25822700 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-015-0003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nephrotic syndrome is the most common cause of kidney disease in children, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. This article reviews the novel aspects of the mechanisms underlying massive proteinuria in minimal-change disease, which is the most common form of childhood nephrotic syndrome. DATA SOURCES This article integrates the findings of a PubMed database search for English language articles published in the past 40 years (from September 1974 to February 2014) using the key words "pathogenesis", "minimal change nephrotic syndrome" or "idiopathic nephrotic syndrome". RESULTS Unknown humoral factors associated with T-cell dysfunction have been thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of minimal-change disease. However, recent findings are changing this paradigm, i.e., visceral glomerular epithelial cells (podocytes) may be involved via expression of molecules such as CD80 and angiopoietin-like 4. CONCLUSIONS Recent evidence suggests that minimal-change disease results from interactions between humoral factors and dysfunctional podocytes. In addition to immunosuppressant drugs that target lymphocytes, a biological agent such as an antibody against the abnormal molecule(s) expressed by podocytes may provide novel drug treatment for minimal-change disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunari Kaneko
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan,
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Kong L, Wu H, Zhou W, Luo M, Tan Y, Miao L, Cai L. Sirtuin 1: A Target for Kidney Diseases. Mol Med 2015; 21:87-97. [PMID: 25587857 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2014.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is an evolutionarily conserved NAD(+)-dependent histone deacetylase that is necessary for caloric restriction-related lifespan extension. SIRT1, as an intracellular energy sensor, detects the concentration of intracellular NAD(+) and uses this information to adapt cellular energy output to cellular energy requirements. Previous studies on SIRT1 have confirmed its beneficial effects on cellular immunity to oxidative stress, reduction of fibrosis, suppression of inflammation, inhibition of apoptosis, regulation of metabolism, induction of autophagy and regulation of blood pressure. All of the above biological processes are involved in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. Therefore, the activation of SIRT1 may become a therapeutic target to improve the clinical outcome of kidney diseases. In this review, we give an overview of SIRT1 and its molecular targets as well as SIRT1-modulated biological processes, with a particular focus on the role of SIRT1 in kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Kong
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Wenhua Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Manyu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Yi Tan
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Lining Miao
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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Li X, Zhang X, Li X, Ding F, Ding J. The role of survivin in podocyte injury induced by puromycin aminonucleoside. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:6657-73. [PMID: 24747598 PMCID: PMC4013653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15046657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, which uniquely promotes mitosis and regulates apoptosis in cancer cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that survivin also expresses in several normal adult cells. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the function of survivin in the terminally differentiated epithelial cells, podocytes. Methods Survivin expression and location were detected by Quantitative Real-Time PCR, western blot and fluorescence confocal microscopy methods in normal and injured mouse podocytes. Cyto-protection function of survivin was also studied in cultured podocyte injured by puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN), transfected with survivin siRNA to down-regulate survivin expression, or with survivin plasmid to transiently over-express survivin. Results In podocytes, PAN stimulated expressions of survivin and the apoptosis related molecule caspase 3. Knockdown of survivin expression by siRNA increased the activation of caspase 3, induced podocyte apoptosis and remarkable rearrangement of actin cytoskeleton. Moreover, over-expression of survivin inhibited PAN-induced podocyte apoptosis and cytoskeleton rearrangement. Conclusion Our data provides the evidence that survivin plays an important role in protecting podocytes from apoptosis induced by PAN. The mechanism of survivin related anti-apoptosis may, at least partially, be through the activation of caspase 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejuan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi An Men Da Jie, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi An Men Da Jie, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi An Men Da Jie, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Fangrui Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi An Men Da Jie, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi An Men Da Jie, Beijing 100034, China.
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