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Liu S, Zheng J, Liu X, Lai Y, Zhang X, He T, Yang Y, Wang H, Zhang X. Comprehensive analysis of three female patients with different types of X/Y translocations and literature review. Mol Cytogenet 2023; 16:7. [PMID: 37202823 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-023-00639-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND X/Y translocations are highly heterogeneity in terms of clinical genetic effects, and most patients lack complete pedigree analysis for clinical and genetic characterization. RESULTS This study comprehensively analyzed the clinical and genetic characteristics of three new patients with X/Y translocations. Furthermore, cases with X/Y translocations reported in the literature and studies exploring the clinical genetic effects in patients with X/Y translocations were reviewed. All three female patients were carriers of X/Y translocations with different phenotypes. The karyotype for patient 1 was 46,X,der(X)t(X;Y)(p22.33;q12)mat, patient 2 was 46,X,der(X)t(X;Y)(q21.2;q11.2)dn, and patient 3 was 46,X,der(X)t(X;Y)(q28;q11.223)t(Y;Y)(q12;q11.223)mat. C-banding analysis of all three patients revealed a large heterochromatin region in the terminal region of the X chromosome. All patients underwent chromosomal microarray analysis, which revealed the precise copy number loss or gain. Data on 128 patients with X/Y translocations were retrieved from 81 studies; the phenotype of these patients was related to the breakpoint of the chromosome, size of the deleted region, and their sex. We reclassified the X/Y translocations into new types based on the breakpoints of the X and Y chromosomes. CONCLUSION X/Y translocations have substantial phenotypic diversity, and the genetic classification standards are not unified. With the development of molecular cytogenetics, it is necessary to combine multiple genetic methods to obtain an accurate and reasonable classification. Thus, clarifying their genetic causes and effects promptly will help in genetic counseling, prenatal diagnosis, preimplantation genetic testing, and improvement in clinical treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanquan Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics & Prenatal Diagnosis Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No.20, South Section 3, Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children(Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiemei Zheng
- Department of Medical Genetics & Prenatal Diagnosis Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No.20, South Section 3, Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children(Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Xijing Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics & Prenatal Diagnosis Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No.20, South Section 3, Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children(Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Lai
- Department of Medical Genetics & Prenatal Diagnosis Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No.20, South Section 3, Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children(Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics & Prenatal Diagnosis Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No.20, South Section 3, Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children(Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Tiantian He
- Department of Medical Genetics & Prenatal Diagnosis Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No.20, South Section 3, Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children(Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics & Prenatal Diagnosis Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No.20, South Section 3, Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children(Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics & Prenatal Diagnosis Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No.20, South Section 3, Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children(Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics & Prenatal Diagnosis Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No.20, South Section 3, Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children(Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.
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A Rare Chromosome Rearrangement Leading to de la Chapelle Syndrome with a Mosaic 45,X Cell Line: (46,X,psu dic(X;Y)(p22.13;q11.221)/45,X/45,psu dic(X;Y)(p22.13;q11.221). Genes (Basel) 2022; 14:genes14010081. [PMID: 36672822 PMCID: PMC9858770 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility affects about 15% of couples of childbearing age. About half of these cases can be attributed predominantly to a male factor, such as a quantitative or qualitative impairment in spermatogenesis. The first-line genetic screening for non-obstructive azoospermia is limited to karyotyping (to identify chromosome abnormalities) and Y chromosome microdeletions screening, with a view to explaining the spermatogenetic failure and evaluating the likelihood of sperm retrieval in a testicular biopsy. For patients with de la Chapelle syndrome (a 46,XX karyotype with the presence of SRY (Sex determining region Y) gene) and/or Y chromosome microdeletions, or sex chromosome mosaicism, sperm retrieval is usually unsuccessful. Here, we report a patient with de la Chapelle syndrome and a short stature caused by mosaicism and a very rare chromosome rearrangement: mos 46,X,psu dic(X;Y)/45,X/45,psu dic(X;Y). This case indicates that in de la Chapelle syndrome, X- and Y-chromosome breakpoint variability is high.
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Pavlistova L, Izakova S, Zemanova Z, Bartuskova L, Langova M, Malikova P, Michalova K. Rare congenital chromosomal aberration dic(X;Y)(p22.33;p11.32) in a patient with primary myelofibrosis. Mol Cytogenet 2016; 9:67. [PMID: 27588041 PMCID: PMC5007838 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-016-0276-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Constitutional translocations between sex chromosomes are rather rare in humans with breakpoints at Xp11 and Yq11 as the most frequent. Breakpoints on the short arm of the Y chromosome form one subgroup of t(X;Y), giving rise to a derived chromosome with the centromeres of both the X and Y chromosomes, dic(X;Y). Here, we report a rare congenital chromosomal aberration, 46,X,dic(X;Y)(p22.33;p11.32)[20]/45,X[10], in an adult male. CASE PRESENTATION Primary myelofibrosis, a malignant haematological disease, was diagnosed in a 63-year-old man following liver transplantation after hepatocellular carcinoma. By the analysis of the bone marrow sample, the karyotype 46,X,dic(X;Y)(p22.33;p11.32) was detected in all the mitoses analysed and verified with multicolour fluorescence in situ hybridization (mFISH). A cytogenetic examination of stimulated peripheral blood cells revealed the constitutional karyotype 46,X,dic(X;Y)(p22.33;p11.32)[20]/45,X[10]. The cell line 45,X was confirmed with FISH in 35 % of interphase nuclei. The SRY locus was present on the dicentric chromosome. A CGH/SNP array (Illumina) revealed a gain of 153,7 Mbp of the X chromosome and a 803-kbp microdeletion (including the SHOX gene), which were also confirmed with FISH. SHOX encodes a transcriptional factor that regulates the growth of the long bones. The deletion of the SHOX gene together with the Madelung deformity of the forearm and the short stature of the proband led to a diagnosis of Léri-Weill dyschondrosteosis (LWD). The gain of almost the whole X chromosome (153,7 Mbp) was considered a variant of Klinefelter syndrome (KS). The levels of gonadotropins and testosterone were consistent with gonadal dysfunction. A malformation of the right external ear was detected. CONCLUSIONS We have reported a structural aberration of the sex chromosomes, dic(X;Y)(p22.33;p11.32). The related genomic imbalance is associated with two known hereditary syndromes, LWD and a KS variant, identified in our proband at an advanced age. Because the breakpoints did not involve cancer genes, we inferred that the two malignancies in the proband were not caused by this abnormality. The possible influence of SHOX haploinsufficiency on the growth regulation of auricular chondrocytes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Pavlistova
- Center of Oncocytogenetics, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine of Charles University, U Nemocnice 499/2, Prague 2, 128 08 Czech Republic
| | - Silvia Izakova
- Center of Oncocytogenetics, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine of Charles University, U Nemocnice 499/2, Prague 2, 128 08 Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Zemanova
- Center of Oncocytogenetics, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine of Charles University, U Nemocnice 499/2, Prague 2, 128 08 Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bartuskova
- Center of Oncocytogenetics, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine of Charles University, U Nemocnice 499/2, Prague 2, 128 08 Czech Republic
| | - Martina Langova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty Thomayer's Hospital, Vídeňská 800, 140 00 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlina Malikova
- Department of Clinical Hematology IKEM, Vídeňská 1958/9, 140 21 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Kyra Michalova
- Center of Oncocytogenetics, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine of Charles University, U Nemocnice 499/2, Prague 2, 128 08 Czech Republic ; Department of Cytogenetics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 128 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Xia XY, Wang WP, Li TF, Li WW, Wu QY, Li N, Zhang C, Gao HL, Li XJ, Cui YX. A parthenogenetic maternal and double paternal contribution to an ovotesticular disorder of sex development. Mol Cytogenet 2014; 7:16. [PMID: 24581244 PMCID: PMC3974030 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-7-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An ovotesticular disorder of sex development (OT-DSD) was rarely found in human. The mechanism causing such condition is poorly understood. We hereby reported a 11-year-old child with OT-DSD and a karyotype 46,XX/46,XY, a single maternal and double paternal genetic contribution to the patient. RESULTS Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), blood grouping, HLA (human leukocyte antigen) haplotyping and a genome-wide scanning of lymphocytes with 398 short tandem repeat microsatellite markers were performed to investigate the origin of the cell lines concerned. ABO typing revealed that two populations of red cells were in the patient, which were group A and group B, both from paternal alleles. HLA haplotyping showed the patient had three haplotypes. Haplotype 1 was inherited from maternity, haplotype 2 and 3 were from paternity. The STR microsatellite analysis showed 25 of the 74 fully informative markers in both parents, three alleles were inherited: one of them was from mother, another two were from father. Seventeen of the thirty-eight paternal markers, the patient inherited two paternal alleles. For 121 informative maternal markers, the patient had a single maternal allele. There were two distinct alleles in locus DXS6810 and DXS1073 on X-chromosome, in which one was from the mother and the other from the father. CONCLUSIONS The patient was a single maternal and double paternal genetic, which was a type of a parthenogenetic division of a maternal haploid nucleus into two identical nuclei, followed by fertilization by two spermatozoa and fusion of the two zygotes into a single individual at the early embryonic stage. To the best of our knowledge, this is the oldest OT-DSD case of parthenogenetic chimerism. These data provide additional evidence that a parthenogenetic maternal and double paternal contribution causes 46,XX/46,XY OT-DSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Xia
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, PR China
| | - Wei-Ping Wang
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, PR China
| | - Tian-Fu Li
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, PR China
| | - Wei-Wei Li
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, PR China
| | - Qiu-Yue Wu
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, PR China
| | - Na Li
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, PR China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, PR China
| | - Hong-Liu Gao
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jun Li
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, PR China
| | - Ying-Xia Cui
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, PR China
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