1
|
Lahiri R, Rawat SS, Srikant K, Rao S. Intrathoracic Ewing's sarcoma in an adult masquerading as lung abscess. BMJ Case Rep 2024; 17:e256631. [PMID: 38296504 PMCID: PMC10831453 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-256631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Intrathoracic extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma (EES) is a relatively uncommon malignant tumour. Here, we present a scenario involving an adult man in his 20s with a large intrathoracic EES that manifested as a lung abscess. Preoperative diagnostic tests were inconclusive; hence, the patient underwent an exploratory thoracotomy for the excision of the mass. Histopathology revealed a small round blue cell tumour, and immunohistochemistry, along with fluorescence in situ hybridisation, confirmed the diagnosis of Ewing's sarcoma. Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy was recommended, but the patient did not comply. A year later, he presented with a recurrence of the intrathoracic mass and subsequently received adjuvant chemotherapy. Currently, he is in remission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raja Lahiri
- CVTS, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shubham Singh Rawat
- CVTS, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Shalinee Rao
- Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ioannidou M, Tsotridou E, Samoladas E, Tragiannidis A, Kouskouras K, Sfougaris D, Spyridakis I, Foroulis C, Galli-Tsinopoulou A, Hatzipantelis E. Unusual Manifestation of Extraosseous Ewing Sarcoma: Report of 3 Cases. Balkan J Med Genet 2023; 25:77-81. [PMID: 37265973 PMCID: PMC10230840 DOI: 10.2478/bjmg-2022-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES), described as a diffuse endothelioma of the bone, is divided into two categories: osseous and extraosseous, which mainly affects adolescents. Extraosseous Ewing Sarcomas (EES) are rare tumors originating from soft tissues. Their clinical presentation depends mainly on the primary location of the tumor and are highly chemosensitive and radiosensitive. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of 3 children with EES and uncommon presentation treated in our Unit. The diagnosis of EES was confirmed by biopsy and cytogenetic analysis with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Surgical excision was planned as primary treatment, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy according to EURO-E.W.I.N.G protocol. To date, all patients are alive, 1, 3 and 4 years after completion of treatment, with no signs of recurrence or metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ioannidou
- Children’s and Adolescent’s Hematology-Oncology Unit of 2 Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - E. Tsotridou
- Children’s and Adolescent’s Hematology-Oncology Unit of 2 Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - E. Samoladas
- 2 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, “Gennimatas” General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A. Tragiannidis
- Children’s and Adolescent’s Hematology-Oncology Unit of 2 Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - K. Kouskouras
- Department of Radiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - D. Sfougaris
- 1 Department of Pediatric Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, “Gennimatas” General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - I. Spyridakis
- 2 Department of Pediatric Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, “Papageorgiou” General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - C. Foroulis
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A. Galli-Tsinopoulou
- Children’s and Adolescent’s Hematology-Oncology Unit of 2 Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - E. Hatzipantelis
- Children’s and Adolescent’s Hematology-Oncology Unit of 2 Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mendpara V, Sayed Mushir Ali A, Tango T, Bhadana R, Kanisetti V, Tiwari U, Sahu S, Pancholi M. A Case of Extraskeletal Ewing Sarcoma Treated With Wide Local Excision With Latissimus Dorsi Flap and Systemic Therapy. Cureus 2023; 15:e36175. [PMID: 37065414 PMCID: PMC10103811 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma (EES) is a rare tumor of the soft tissue that looks the same as skeletal Ewing sarcoma (ES). A male in his 50s was diagnosed with extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma (EES) of the right shoulder, which had infiltrated the muscles around the shoulder joints. Although uncommon, all members of the ES family of tumors, including EES, were treated following the same general protocol for sarcoma tumors. Due to the significant tumor size in this patient and local invasion, wide local excision and a latissimus dorsi flap were required. This case highlighted the management of EES, including the surgical removal of the mass on the right shoulder, followed by chemotherapy, which led to a successful outcome.
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu YC, Yeh TC, Wu PS, Sheu JC, Lee HC, Yeung CY, Jiang CB, Liu HC, Hou JY, Chan WT. Rare presentation in a rare case of pancreatic extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31752. [PMID: 36451511 PMCID: PMC9704996 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma is a rare tumor which is aggressive with poor prognosis; it can occur anywhere in the body, but scantily in the pancreas. Pancreatic Ewing's sarcoma is not reported commonly, with inconsistent clinical manifestations. In this regard, early recognition of this disease is very important for the patient's sake. PATIENT CONCERNS A 16-year-old boy presented with left lower quadrant abdominal pain for 2 months, and left flank pain with dysuria for 1 month. DIAGNOSIS Abdominal and renal ultrasonography found a mass between the spleen and left kidney as well as left renal pelvic dilatation. Abdominal computed tomography found a heterogenous mass derived from the tail of the pancreas. Serial examinations revealed that the mass was a pancreatic Ewing's sarcoma. Furthermore, no metastasis was documented. INTERVENTIONS The tumor was totally excised after 6 months of chemotherapy, which included 10 courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with vincristine, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide, alternating with ifosfamide and etoposide. The patient completed consolidation chemotherapy with vincristine, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide, alternating with ifosfamide and etoposide for 5 courses. Radiotherapy was applied to the tumor-involved region and tumor bed. OUTCOMES To date, the malignancy has not recurred since the treatment was completed 4 years ago. There are no complications from the treatment for the patient. LESSONS The pancreas is a very rare extraosseous location for Ewing's sarcoma. Pancreatic extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma should be regarded as a differential diagnosis of non-urinary originated left flank pain with dysuria in adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chih Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Lienchiang County Hospital, Lienchiang, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chi Yeh
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, MacKay Children’s Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Su Wu
- Department of Pathology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Cherng Sheu
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chang Lee
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, MacKay Children’s Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yan Yeung
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, MacKay Children’s Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Bin Jiang
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, MacKay Children’s Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Che Liu
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, MacKay Children’s Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yin Hou
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, MacKay Children’s Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wai-Tao Chan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, MacKay Children’s Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * Correspondence: Wai-Tao Chan, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, MacKay Children’s Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shankar G, Konamme VK. Abdominal Wall Extraskeletal Ewing's Sarcoma in an 8-Year-Old Child. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2022; 27:771-774. [PMID: 36714498 PMCID: PMC9878526 DOI: 10.4103/jiaps.jiaps_46_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft-tissue sarcomas (NRSTSs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms of presumed mesenchymal origin. The precise diagnosis of the type of NRSTS tumor is complex. Among them, Ewing's sarcoma is very rare. We report a case of abdominal wall Ewing's sarcoma in an 8-year-old child. There are very few cases on pediatric abdominal wall Ewing's sarcoma reported. An 8-year-old female child presented with a progressively increasing swelling in the left iliac fossa for 3 months. On evaluation it was found to have a 4 cm × 2.87 cm × 4.1 cm circumscribed, heterogeneous exophytic mass arising from oblique muscles in the left lower abdominal wall with no intraperitoneal extension. On trucut biopsy and karyotyping, it was diagnosed to be an extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma (EES) of the abdominal wall. Due to the proximity to the pelvic bone and the possible large size, the child was given six cycles of VAEC-IE as neoadjuvant chemotherapy to downsize the tumor. Following chemotherapy, wide excision of the tumor was done requiring partial resection of the external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis, and leaving the transversalis fascia intact. The defect was closed using a polypropylene mesh. Histopathology showed tumor-free margins, with minimal histological tumor response to chemotherapy. Hence, the child underwent radiotherapy (45 Gy in 25 fractions). Follow-up fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography-computed tomography showed no recurrent lesion. There was no recurrence on 18-month follow-up. Extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma is a rare tumor arising from the abdominal wall. The evaluation and management are similar to EES. Treatment is multimodal; however, surgery is the mainstay. Wide excision with tumor negative margin has a good outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gowri Shankar
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Konamme
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang J, Wei H, Lin Y, Lin N, Wu S, Yu X. Challenges of Diagnosing Primary Ewing's Sarcoma in the Small Intestine of the Elderly: A Case Report. Front Oncol 2021; 11:565196. [PMID: 34307115 PMCID: PMC8299103 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.565196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma (EES) is a malignant tumor that is classified as a rare disease. EES is common in children and adolescents, with a rarer incidence being present in the elderly. ES of the primary intestine is rare, with only a few reports described in the literature. Here we report a case of a 69-year-old male patient who was experiencing abdominal pain for over 3 months. Ultrasonography (US) revealed a solid hypoechoic lesion with multiple irregular necrotic areas in the left lower abdomen close to the dome of the bladder. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) showed that the lesion exhibited heterogeneous enhancement and quick peripheral enhanced tissue wash-out classifying this mass as malignant. PET-CT showed a high metabolic mass in the lower abdomen, multiple metabolic nodules in the mesentery, considered as a small intestinal stromal tumor with lymph nodes metastasis, and that a diagnosis of lymphoma should be excluded. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy performed at another hospital 1 month prior to CT showed an abnormal density in the pelvic cavity that was considered as a colonic diverticulum with an abscess. The endoscopy showed no obvious occupying lesions. The mass was removed and postoperative pathology confirmed ES of the small intestine. The patient avoided receiving chemotherapy. After 2 months, skull metastasis was diagnosed and surgical intervention was done. His survival was only six months after the second surgery. To our knowledge, our case is the first report of ultrasound and CEUS manifestation of EES in the small intestine in elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianchuan Yang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of Cadre Health Care Office, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yucheng Lin
- Department of Ultrasonography, Affiliate Fuzhou First Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ning Lin
- Department of Ultrasonography, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Songsong Wu
- Department of Ultrasonography, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xunbin Yu
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tintila A, Doroftei B, Grab D, Simionescu G, Anton E, Maftei R, Ilea C, Anton C. Importance of studying primitive neuroectodermal tumors and extraosseous Ewings sarcoma of the vagina and vulva. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:171. [PMID: 33552288 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNT) and Ewing's sarcoma are rare, round-cell tumors, characterized by the presence of the t(11; 22)(q24; q12) chromosomal translocation. A review of the literature revealed only 38 previously reported cases of vulvar PNT and Ewing's sarcoma and 15 vaginal PNT and Ewing's sarcoma. Although rare, these types of tumors should be taken into consideration when making a differential diagnosis for vulvar or vaginal tumors. The currently available data is limited, and therefore, case reports are essential for improving knowledge and management of these types of extremely rare tumors. However, further molecular and histopathological studies are essential for an improved understanding of these conditions and for an early, correct diagnosis. Although the gathered and presented data from the present review are limited, the literature demonstrates that the outcome of these types of cancer are more favorable compared with outcomes observed for carcinomas in more typical locations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Tintila
- Clinical Department, Spitalul Judetean Suceava, Suceava 720224, Romania
| | - Bogdan Doroftei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Grigore T. Popa', Iasi 700115, Romania.,Clinical Department, Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology 'Cuza Voda', Iasi 700038, Romania.,Clinical Department, Origyn Fertility Center, Iasi 700032, Romania
| | - Delia Grab
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Grigore T. Popa', Iasi 700115, Romania.,Clinical Department, Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology 'Cuza Voda', Iasi 700038, Romania
| | - Gabriela Simionescu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Grigore T. Popa', Iasi 700115, Romania.,Clinical Department, Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology 'Cuza Voda', Iasi 700038, Romania.,Clinical Department, Origyn Fertility Center, Iasi 700032, Romania
| | - Emil Anton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Grigore T. Popa', Iasi 700115, Romania.,Clinical Department, Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology 'Cuza Voda', Iasi 700038, Romania
| | - Radu Maftei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Grigore T. Popa', Iasi 700115, Romania
| | - Ciprian Ilea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Grigore T. Popa', Iasi 700115, Romania.,Clinical Department, Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology 'Cuza Voda', Iasi 700038, Romania
| | - Carmen Anton
- Clinical Department, Sf. Spiridon Clinical Hospital, Iasi 700111, Romania.,Department of Gastroenterology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Grigore T. Popa', Iasi 700115, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yogi V, Mani HP, Singh OP, Ghori H. Atypical Presentation of Ewing’s Sarcoma. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/ijmpo.ijmpo_176_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Ewing’s sarcoma (ES) is an osseous malignancy of small round blue cells which may manifest even in soft tissue. It is the second most common primary tumor of bone in childhood. The common areas of occurrence are the diaphyses of femur followed by tibia, humerus, pelvis, and clavicle. However, there are many unusual presentations of ES on the basis of the site, e.g., craniofacial bones, paravertebral mass, and visceral organs. Chemotherapy with radiation therapy and cytoreductive surgery/limb salvage surgery is the mainstay treatment along with a strict patient compliance and counseling, critically being important for long-term survival. This study depicts presentations of ES who either presented with some unusuality at the time of diagnosis or developed peculiar features uncharacteristic of ES during their course of treatment. Context: This study provides an insight into the patterns of unusual presentation of ES and prognosis of such patients with current line of management. Multiple sites of metastases have a very poor dismal outlook. Aims: This study purports the importance of considering ES as a systemic disease rather an osseous malignancy and reviews the pattern of unusual sites of presentation. Setting and Design: This observational study was carried out in the Department of Radiotherapy, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal. Only patients with unusual patterns of metastases were included in the study cohort. Materials and Methods: We systematically reviewed patients with confirmed and immunohistochemistry-proven ES from July 2014 to July to 2017. A total of 69 patients were registered within the time frame. Of the 69 patients, 36 (52.2%) were males and 33 (47.8%) were females. Of the 11 (16%) unusual presentations, 8 were males and 3 were females. The mean age of presentation was 22.5 (3–52 years). All patients received chemotherapy as per treatment guidelines. Each patient was individually followed up and metastatic workup was performed in a systematic manner. Statistical Analysis: Since the pattern of metastasis was observed, no significant statistical analysis was required for this study. Results: Of the 11 patients, six succumbed during the course of treatment, one patient was lost to follow-up, while four patients are on regular follow-up. Of the six patients who succumbed, four had multiple metastases at the time of presentation to our outpatient department, while the other two patients had paraspinal ES with paraplegia. Two patients, one male and one female, had associated comorbidities with spherocytosis and bronchial asthma. The youngest patient was a 3-year-old child with paraspinal ES, while the oldest was a 52-year-old with extraosseous ES of the right thigh who presented with lung, liver, and supraclavicular metastases. Conclusion: In our study, pattern of metastases determined the patients’ survival. Those patients who presented with multiple metastases at the time of presentation had a very poor prognosis, with death occurring within 2–3 months. The chemotherapy protocols were neither modified nor changed. They were evaluated after every cycle. Those patients who had developed multiple metastases at the time of admission to our outpatient clinic fared the worst. Those who had metastases to the brain and lung also succumbed to the malignancy. It is time we consider ES as an osseo-systemic malignancy and incorporate newer techniques such as circulating tumor cells in the investigation and evaluation portfolio for better and aggressive management. A multidisciplinary tumor board is absolutely essential and weekly meetings mandatory to individualize the treatment scenario. In our study, uncustomary as it may seem, their metastatic sites demand a certain degree of limelight in the Annals of Oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veenita Yogi
- Department of Radiotherapy, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Haridas P Mani
- Department of Radiotherapy, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Om Prakash Singh
- Department of Radiotherapy, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Hameeduzzafar Ghori
- Department of Radiotherapy, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rhabdomyosarcoma and Extraosseous Ewing Sarcoma. CHILDREN-BASEL 2018; 5:children5120165. [PMID: 30544742 PMCID: PMC6306718 DOI: 10.3390/children5120165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a malignant tumor that represents the most common form of pediatric soft tissue sarcoma. It arises from mesenchymal origin and forms part of the group of small round blue cell tumors of childhood. It has a constant annual incidence of 4.5 cases per 1,000,000 children. The known histological diagnosis of the two major subtypes (embryonal and alveolar) has been recently enhanced by tumor biological markers and molecular differentiation diagnostic tools that have improved not only the updated classification based on risk stratification, but also the treatment approach based on the clinical group. Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a round cell tumor, highly malignant and poorly differentiated that is currently the second most common malignant bone tumor in children. In rare instances, it develops from an extraskeletal origin, classified as extraosseous Ewing sarcoma (EES). We provide an updated, evidence-based and comprehensive review of the molecular diagnosis, clinical and diagnostic approach and a multidisciplinary medical and surgical management according to the latest standard of care for the treatment of pediatric RMS and EES.
Collapse
|
10
|
Bong C, Thomson I, Lampe G. Case report and literature review of Ewing's sarcoma in the gastrointestinal tract. SURGICAL PRACTICE 2018; 22:84-92. [DOI: 10.1111/1744-1633.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Bong
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery and Soft Tissue; Princess Alexandra Hospital; Woolloongabba Queensland Australia
| | - Iain Thomson
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery and Soft Tissue; Princess Alexandra Hospital; Woolloongabba Queensland Australia
| | - Guy Lampe
- Department of Anatomical Pathology; Princess Alexandra Hospital; Woolloongabba Queensland Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gao J, Chow E, Aloma A, Gupta P. Peripheral primitive neuroendocrine tumor of the chest wall-A case report with pathological correlation. Radiol Case Rep 2018; 13:392-396. [PMID: 29904480 PMCID: PMC6000041 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Primitive neuroectodermal tumor is a high-grade malignant tumor originating from the neural crest and neuroectoderm, which can be subdivided into central and peripheral categories. Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor is thought to be identical to Ewing's sarcoma, and falls under a broader category of Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors. Very rarely, it may present without osseous involvement, known as extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma. Here we present a case of a 38-year-old woman, who presented with several-month history of a slow-growing chest wall mass, initially thought to be a breast mass. The mass was diagnosed as extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma upon tissue biopsy. The patient was started on a dose-intensified neoadjuvant therapy, based on protocol from pediatric population given rarity of this tumor in the adult population. While the patient was initially planned for surgical resection, the tumor showed excellent response to chemotherapy on follow-up imaging, and radiation therapy was elected in lieu of resection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jidi Gao
- Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Erika Chow
- Tufts University School of Medicine, 145 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Aishatu Aloma
- Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Payal Gupta
- Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Extraosseous Ewing Sarcoma: Diagnosis, Prognosis and Optimal Management. Indian J Surg 2015; 78:49-53. [PMID: 27186040 DOI: 10.1007/s12262-015-1399-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraosseous Ewing sarcomas (EESs) are rare tumours originating from soft tissues. Their clinical picture depends mainly on the primary site of the sarcoma. Patient characteristics and outcomes seem to be different in EES compared to patients with skeletal Ewing sarcoma, with implications for patient care and prognosis. However, multimodality therapeutic strategies are recommended for all types of the Ewing tumour family. The available diagnostic tools include ultrasonographic evaluation and computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging as well as histopathologic and immunohistochemical tissue examination. Several histologic and genetic biomarkers have been established, although their utilization needs to be further tested by larger prospective studies. Regarding localized disease, the recommended treatment remains surgery. However, chemotherapy can be added to achieve improved survival, with neoadjuvant regimens showing more promising results than adjuvant regimens. Radiotherapy is an option to obtain local control, although its complications have reduced its utilization. In metastatic or recurrent disease, systematic chemotherapy improves survival.
Collapse
|
13
|
Shibuya S, Takamizawa S, Hatata T, Komori K, Ogiso Y, Yoshizawa K, Yoshizawa K. Extraosseous Ewing sarcoma in the mesentery: the first report of cases in children. Pediatr Surg Int 2015; 31:995-9. [PMID: 26280743 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-015-3782-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Extraosseous ewing sarcoma (EES) is a rare soft-tissue tumor usually found in the extremities or paraspinal region. We describe the case of a 4-year-old boy with a large cystic mass in the mesentery diagnosed as mesenteric lymphangioma preoperatively and as EES after partial resection and histopathological examination. EES in the mesentery is extremely rare, with only 2 reports described in the English literature. This represents the first report of EES in a child.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soichi Shibuya
- Departments of Surgery, Nagano Children's Hospital, 3100 Toyoshina, Azumino-shi, Nagano, 399-8288, Japan.
| | - Shigeru Takamizawa
- Departments of Surgery, Nagano Children's Hospital, 3100 Toyoshina, Azumino-shi, Nagano, 399-8288, Japan
| | - Tomoko Hatata
- Departments of Surgery, Nagano Children's Hospital, 3100 Toyoshina, Azumino-shi, Nagano, 399-8288, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Komori
- Departments of Oncology, Nagano Children's Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Ogiso
- Departments of Pathology, Nagano Children's Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Katsumi Yoshizawa
- Departments of Surgery, Nagano Children's Hospital, 3100 Toyoshina, Azumino-shi, Nagano, 399-8288, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yoshizawa
- Departments of Surgery, Nagano Children's Hospital, 3100 Toyoshina, Azumino-shi, Nagano, 399-8288, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ozaki Y, Miura Y, Koganemaru S, Suyama K, Inoshita N, Fujii T, Hashimoto M, Tamura T, Takeuchi K, Takano T. Ewing sarcoma of the liver with multilocular cystic mass formation: a case report. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:16. [PMID: 25608963 PMCID: PMC4307901 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1017-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ewing sarcoma is a rare tumor that occurs commonly in the long bones of children or adolescents that can also arise in soft tissues including the extremities, retroperitoneum, chest wall, and rarely in the liver as primary sites. We report a case of Ewing sarcoma arising primarily in the liver and, to our knowledge, this is the fourth reported case of Ewing sarcoma occurring in the liver. Case presentation A 27-year-old Japanese woman was admitted with sudden onset right upper abdominal pain. Clinical examination revealed a multilocular cystic mass consisting of thickened, irregular septa and nodal walls in the right hepatic lobe. Ultrasound-guided aspiration biopsy of the liver mass showed clusters of small atypical round cells and the clinical preoperative diagnosis was mucinous cystadenoma of the liver. The patient underwent an extended right hepatectomy and histopathological findings revealed sheet-like proliferation of small- to medium-sized round cells. Tumor cells were positive for periodic acid-Schiff reaction and immunoreactive for glycoprotein C99 and gene NKX2.2, as well as the neuroendocrine markers, CD56 and synaptophysin. EWS-FLI-1 fusion transcript type 1 was detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Pathological and molecular analysis confirmed the diagnosis of Ewing sarcoma arising primarily in the liver and the patient received adjuvant systemic chemotherapy with vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide, alternating with ifosfamide and etoposide. We found no evidence of recurrence 15 months after completing chemotherapy. Conclusion We present an extremely rare case of Ewing sarcoma arising primarily in the liver. To our knowledge, this is the fourth reported case of Ewing sarcoma occurring in the liver, and the first case with a multilocular cystic liver mass. Imaging examinations of the other three reported cases showed solid tumors and a diffuse enlarged liver without mass lesion. Clinicians should consider the possibility of Ewing sarcoma in young patients with a multilocular cystic mass with thick and/or irregular cyst walls in the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukinori Ozaki
- Department of Medical Oncology, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8470, Japan.
| | - Yuji Miura
- Department of Medical Oncology, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8470, Japan.
| | - Shigehiro Koganemaru
- Department of Medical Oncology, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8470, Japan.
| | - Koichi Suyama
- Department of Medical Oncology, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8470, Japan.
| | - Naoko Inoshita
- Department of Pathology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Fujii
- Department of Pathology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masaji Hashimoto
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tetsuo Tamura
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medicine, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Takeuchi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medicine, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Toshimi Takano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8470, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|