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Mneimneh WS, Jiang Y, Harbhajanka A, Michael CW. Immunochemistry in the work-up of mesothelioma and its differential diagnosis and mimickers. Diagn Cytopathol 2021; 49:582-595. [PMID: 33675675 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The differential diagnosis in cellular effusions with cytological atypia often includes malignant mesothelioma (MM), reactive mesothelial proliferation, and malignancies of metastatic origin, particularly carcinomas. The International Reporting System for Serous Fluid recently established guidelines for reporting MM. In conjunction with the cytomorphologic evaluation, the role of immunochemistry (IC) was emphasized as a very useful tool in the workup of serous fluids, especially with the availability of novel markers. Utilizing a panel of markers, IC allows the characterization of the cells, whether mesothelial or not, and when mesothelial origin is established, IC can frequently assist in delineating its benign or malignant nature. IC can also confirm metastatic disease, allowing the identification of the primary origin in most cases. This review summarizes the current status of IC and its role in the diagnosis of MM and its differential diagnosis in serous fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wadad S Mneimneh
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yuying Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Firelands Regional Medical Center, Sandusky, Ohio, 44857, USA
| | - Aparna Harbhajanka
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Claire W Michael
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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An Algorithmic Immunohistochemical Approach to Define Tumor Type and Assign Site of Origin. Adv Anat Pathol 2020; 27:114-163. [PMID: 32205473 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry represents an indispensable complement to an epidemiology and morphology-driven approach to tumor diagnosis and site of origin assignment. This review reflects the state of my current practice, based on 15-years' experience in Pathology and a deep-dive into the literature, always striving to be better equipped to answer the age old questions, "What is it, and where is it from?" The tables and figures in this manuscript are the ones I "pull up on the computer" when I am teaching at the microscope and turn to myself when I am (frequently) stuck. This field is so exciting because I firmly believe that, through the application of next-generation immunohistochemistry, we can provide better answers than ever before. Specific topics covered in this review include (1) broad tumor classification and associated screening markers; (2) the role of cancer epidemiology in determining pretest probability; (3) broad-spectrum epithelial markers; (4) noncanonical expression of broad tumor class screening markers; (5) a morphologic pattern-based approach to poorly to undifferentiated malignant neoplasms; (6) a morphologic and immunohistochemical approach to define 4 main carcinoma types; (7) CK7/CK20 coordinate expression; (8) added value of semiquantitative immunohistochemical stain assessment; algorithmic immunohistochemical approaches to (9) "garden variety" adenocarcinomas presenting in the liver, (10) large polygonal cell adenocarcinomas, (11) the distinction of primary surface ovarian epithelial tumors with mucinous features from metastasis, (12) tumors presenting at alternative anatomic sites, (13) squamous cell carcinoma versus urothelial carcinoma, and neuroendocrine neoplasms, including (14) the distinction of pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma from well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor, site of origin assignment in (15) well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor and (16) poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma, and (17) the distinction of well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor G3 from poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma; it concludes with (18) a discussion of diagnostic considerations in the broad-spectrum keratin/CD45/S-100-"triple-negative" neoplasm.
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Yu GH, Glaser LJ, Gustafson KS. Role of Ancillary Techniques in Fluid Cytology. Acta Cytol 2019; 64:52-62. [PMID: 31018204 DOI: 10.1159/000496568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The cytologic evaluation of serous effusions may be challenging for a number of reasons. Distinction of benign, reactive conditions from malignancy represents the main focus when examining these specimens. The morphologic diagnosis of malignancy may be difficult due to the relative paucity of abnormal cells. In other situations, cellularity is not an issue, but the ability to confidently identify a second, foreign (i.e., tumor) population within a background mesothelial cells on the basis of cytomorphologic features alone may pose problems. Cases with definitive morphologic evidence of malignancy may require additional studies in order to determine the tumor subtype and, in the case of carcinoma, the primary site of origin. Cases in which a definitive and precise diagnosis of malignancy is made may be optimal candidates for further molecular testing in order to gain prognostic information and guide personal therapeutic decisions. Finally, while an inflammatory or infectious condition can be suggested on the basis of cellular components and associated background elements, the identification of causative agent(s) may be difficult without additional studies. In all of these situations, the use of ancillary studies and techniques is critical; their utility and appropriate application are the subject of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon H Yu
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,
| | - Laurel J Glaser
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Karen S Gustafson
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Engels M, Michael C, Dobra K, Hjerpe A, Fassina A, Firat P. Management of cytological material, pre-analytical procedures and bio-banking in effusion cytopathology. Cytopathology 2019; 30:31-38. [PMID: 30430668 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Serous effusion fluid is one of the most commonly encountered specimens in routine cytopathology practice. It provides invaluable information about the patient and the clinical status; but to get the most of it, specimen handling and processing must be carried out properly. Cytomorphology is the basis of a successful analysis which should complemented by ancillary tests when needed. A wide spectrum of ancillary techniques - ranging from immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry to different assays of molecular pathology - can be applied to serous effusions. This article describes the acquisition and management of serous effusion fluids, methods for preservation and transportation, different techniques of cytopreparation, application of immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, and fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH), as well as DNA extraction for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and next generation sequencing (NGS). Principles of bio-banking of effusion samples are also discussed which is getting more important in correlation with the developments in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Engels
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Claire Michael
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Health Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Katalin Dobra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Hjerpe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ambrogio Fassina
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Pinar Firat
- Department of Pathology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Li J, Li H, Lv X, Yang Z, Gao M, Bi Y, Zhang Z, Wang S, Cui Z, Zhou B, Yin Z. Polymorphism in lncRNA AC016683.6 and its interaction with smoking exposure on the susceptibility of lung cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:91. [PMID: 29997452 PMCID: PMC6031149 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0591-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Long non-coding RNAs play pivotal roles in the carcinogenesis of multiple types of cancers. This study is firstly to evaluate influence of rs4848320 and rs1110839 polymorphisms in long non-coding RNA AC016683.6 on the susceptibility of lung cancer. Methods The present study was a hospital-based case–control study with 434 lung cancer patients and 593 cancer-free controls. Genotyping of the two SNPs detected by Taqman® allelic discrimination method. Results There were no statistically significant associations between rs4848320 and rs1110839 polymorphisms in AC016683.6 and risk of lung cancer in overall population. However, in the smoking population, rs4848320 and rs1110839 polymorphisms significantly increased the risk of lung cancer in dominant and homozygous models (Rs4848320: P = 0.029; Rs1110839: P = 0.034), respectively. In male population, rs1110839 genetic variant was related to the risk of lung cancer in all genetic models (GG vs. TT: P = 0.008; Dominant model: P = 0.029; Recessive model: P = 0.027) rather than heterozygous model. The crossover analyses provided rs4848320 and rs1110839 risk genotypes carriers combined with smoking exposure 2.218-fold, 1.755-fold increased risk of lung cancer (Rs4848320: P = 0.005; Rs1110839: P = 0.017). Additionally, there were significantly positive multiplicative interaction of rs4848320 polymorphism with smoking status, with adjusted OR of 2.244 (1.162–4.334), but rs1110839 polymorphism did not exist. Conclusions Rs4848320 and rs1110839 polymorphisms may be associated with lung cancer susceptibility. Interaction of rs4848320 risk genotypes with smoking exposure may strengthen the risk effect on lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- 1Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122 People's Republic of China.,2Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122 People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Li
- 1Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122 People's Republic of China.,2Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Lv
- 1Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122 People's Republic of China.,2Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122 People's Republic of China
| | - Zitai Yang
- 1Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122 People's Republic of China.,2Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122 People's Republic of China
| | - Min Gao
- 1Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122 People's Republic of China.,2Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Bi
- 1Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122 People's Republic of China.,2Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122 People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- 1Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122 People's Republic of China.,2Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122 People's Republic of China
| | - Shengli Wang
- 1Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122 People's Republic of China.,2Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Cui
- 3School of Nursing, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122 China
| | - Baosen Zhou
- 1Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122 People's Republic of China.,2Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Yin
- 1Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122 People's Republic of China.,2Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122 People's Republic of China
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Comparative clinicopathological and cytomorphological analyses of peritoneal carcinomatosis associated with metastatic breast carcinoma and primary peritoneal/ovarian carcinoma in patients with a history of breast carcinoma. Virchows Arch 2018; 473:165-175. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-018-2390-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Li J, Li C, Wang J, Song G, Zhao Z, Wang H, Wang W, Li H, Li Z, Miao Y, Li G, Zhang Y. Genome-wide analysis of differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in primary gonadotrophin adenomas by RNA-seq. Oncotarget 2018; 8:4585-4606. [PMID: 27992366 PMCID: PMC5354857 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have received increased research interest owing to their participation via distinct mechanisms in the biological processes of nonfunctional pituitary adenomas. However, changes in the expression of lncRNAs in gonadotrophin adenoma, which is the most common nonfunctional pituitary adenomas, have not yet been reported. In this study, we performed a genome-wide analysis of lncRNAs and mRNAs obtained from gonadotrophin adenoma patients’ samples and normal pituitary tissues using RNA-seq. The differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs were identified using fold-change filtering. We identified 839 lncRNAs and 1015 mRNAs as differentially expressed. Gene Ontology analysis indicated that the biological functions of differentially expressed mRNAs were related to transcription regulator activity and basic metabolic processes. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was performed to identify 64 canonical pathways that were significantly enriched in the tumor samples. Furthermore, to investigate the potential regulatory roles of the differentially expressed lncRNAs on the mRNAs, we constructed general co-expression networks for 100 coding and 577 non-coding genes that showed significantly correlated expression patterns in tumor cohort. In particular, we built a special sub-network of co-expression involving 186 lncRNAs interacting with 15 key coding genes of the mTOR pathway, which might promote the pathogenesis of gonadotrophin tumor. This is the first study to explore the patterns of genome-wide lncRNAs expression and co-expression with mRNAs, which might contribute to the molecular pathogenesis of gonadotrophin adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiye Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Chuzhong Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Brain Tumor Center, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianpeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guidong Song
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Haoyuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hailong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenye Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yazhou Miao
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Guilin Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Yazhuo Zhang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Brain Tumor Center, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Dong J, Su M, Chang W, Zhang K, Wu S, Xu T. Long non-coding RNAs on the stage of cervical cancer (Review). Oncol Rep 2017; 38:1923-1931. [PMID: 28849103 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of most malignant gynecological tumors. However, effective means for diagnosing and treating cervical cancer have yet to be identified. A few decades ago, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were regarded as useless parts of the genome, however, increasing data have demonstrated the importance of lncRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancers. The aim of the present study is to summarize the role(s) of HOTAIR, MALAT1, CCAT2, SPRY4-IT1, RSU1P2, CCHE1, lncRNA-EBIC and PVT1. Approximately 14 lncRNAs are involved in cervical cancer and several important proteins, miRNAs and other molecules and play crucial roles in a few traditional signaling pathways that have been proven to be related to those lncRNAs. In conclusion, lncRNAs may be useful as exact treatment targets and diagnostic biomarkers for improving therapies in cervical cancer patients and lncRNAs may contribute to effective diagnosis and treatment methods for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxue Dong
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Manman Su
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Weiqin Chang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Shuying Wu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Tianmin Xu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
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El Hag MI, Ha J, Farag R, El Hag AM, Michael CW. Utility of GATA-3 in the work-Up of breast adenocarcinoma and its differential diagnosis in serous effusions:: A Cell-Block Microarray Study. Diagn Cytopathol 2016; 44:731-6. [PMID: 27338760 DOI: 10.1002/dc.23521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GATA-3 is a transcription factor involved in human tissue growth and differentiation. It is a potential marker for breast carcinoma origin in metastasis and predictive of good prognosis. We aim to evaluate the role of GATA3 in determining the breast origin of metastatic adenocarcinoma in malignant effusions using immunohistochemistry on cell-block microarray in comparison with ER and PR results. METHODS Cell blocks from 100 cases of malignant and reactive serous effusions with confirmed diagnosis were selected; 28 mammary carcinomas, 64 extra-mammary adenocarcinomas (gastrointestinal, pulmonary, gynecologic), and 8 reactive mesothelium proliferation as control. Immunohistochemistry on cell-block microarray was used. Microarray slides were stained for GATA-3, ER and PR. Nuclear staining of >1% was considered positive. RESULTS GATA3, ER and PR were positive in 25 (89%), 20 (71%) and 16 (57%) of breast carcinoma cases, respectively. All non-breast cancer cases were negative for GATA-3 with the exception of one Müllerian adenocarcinoma (1.6%). The calculated sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) of GATA3 reactivity in determining the breast origin of metastatic adenocarcinoma was 89.3% (95% CI: 71.7-97.7%), 98.6% (95% CI: 91.6-99.9%) and 96.2% (95% CI: 80.4-99.9%), respectively. GATA3 positivity was associated with ER or PR positivity in 84% of cases. CONCLUSIONS GATA3 is a useful marker in determining the breast origin of metastatic adenocarcinoma in malignant serous effusions. Reactivity to GATA3 may indicate good prognosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:731-736. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I El Hag
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical Center, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jennifer Ha
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Rm 212B, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Rosemary Farag
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Rm 212B, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Amani M El Hag
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Claire W Michael
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Rm 212B, Cleveland, Ohio
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Han J, Zhou W, Jia M, Wen J, Jiang J, Shi J, Zhang K, Ma H, Liu J, Ren J, Dai M, Hu Z, Hang D, Li N, Shen H. Expression quantitative trait loci in long non-coding RNA PAX8-AS1 are associated with decreased risk of cervical cancer. Mol Genet Genomics 2016; 291:1743-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-016-1217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Damiani D, Suciu V, Genestie C, Vielh P. Cytomorphology of ovarian clear cell carcinomas in peritoneal effusions. Cytopathology 2016; 27:427-432. [DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Damiani
- Department of Biopathology; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center; Villejuif Cedex France
| | - V. Suciu
- Department of Biopathology; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center; Villejuif Cedex France
| | - C. Genestie
- Department of Biopathology; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center; Villejuif Cedex France
| | - P. Vielh
- Department of Biopathology; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center; Villejuif Cedex France
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McCroskey Z, Pambuccian SE, Wojcik EM, Barkan GA. Can We Identify Nephrogenic Adenoma in Urine Cytology Specimens? A Study Evaluating Previously Described Cytomorphologic Features in Correlation With PAX8 Immunohistochemical Staining Results. Am J Clin Pathol 2016; 145:373-8. [PMID: 27124920 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqw006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to determine if the diagnosis of nephrogenic adenoma (NA) can be made on cytologic criteria alone and if pair box gene transcription factor 8 (PAX8) is useful in the diagnosis of NA in daily cytology practice. METHODS Cytologic features of NA previously described in a literature were used to identify NA cells in urinary specimens. Subsequently, all cytology and corresponding biopsy specimens were stained with the PAX8 immunohistochemistry stain. The stains were examined; the results were tabulated. RESULTS A total of 44 specimens were reviewed (35 with corresponding biopsy specimens diagnosed as NA and nine negative for NA diagnosis on corresponding biopsy specimens). Of them, 14 demonstrated features previously described as NA. None of atypical cells that were morphologically suspicious for NA showed positive staining, whereas all of the corresponding biopsy sections demonstrated nuclear PAX8 positivity. Only rare lymphocytes present in cytology specimens showed nuclear staining with PAX8. CONCLUSIONS Assuming that the results of the PAX8 stain performed are accurate at least in most cases, as suggested by the presence of internal positive controls, our study shows that the previously described cytologic features of NA cannot be used as diagnostic criteria, since they are not characteristic for this entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfia McCroskey
- From the Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL.
| | - Stefan E Pambuccian
- From the Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL
| | - Eva M Wojcik
- From the Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL
| | - Güliz A Barkan
- From the Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL
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Hiensch R, Meinhof K, Leytin A, Hagopian G, Szemraj E, Epelbaum O. Clinically occult primary fallopian tube carcinoma presenting as a malignant pleural effusion. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2016; 11:1086-1090. [PMID: 26646473 DOI: 10.1111/crj.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the first known case of malignant pleural effusion (MPE) as the sole presenting feature of clinically occult primary fallopian tube carcinoma (PFTC). A 57-year-old healthy woman was admitted with dyspnea. Evaluation demonstrated a right pleural effusion, fluid of which was malignant. The immunohistochemical profile, including negative calretinin, favored metastatic adenocarcinoma over mesothelioma but could not identify the primary tumour site. Pleural biopsy was not pursued as it would not have helped localize the primary. Chest, abdomen and pelvic computed tomography (CT) demonstrated only borderline lymphadenopathy in the left para-aortic lymph node chain that was hypermetabolic on positron emission tomography. Ultrasound and CT showed normal adnexal anatomy. These findings, coupled with an elevated serum CA-125, prompted empiric neoadjuvant chemotherapy targeting epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) followed by surgery, which revealed a tiny left PFTC with negative peritoneal washings. Sampled left para-aortic lymph nodes were positive. The pleural effusion resolved after chemotherapy. Malignant pleural disease without peritoneal involvement is more characteristic of PFTC than of EOC, in which MPE is common but almost always accompanies peritoneal carcinomatosis. The extensive lymphatic supply of the fallopian tube promotes distant metastasis of small, seemingly localized tumours. This case is a reminder that the clinician should not be dissuaded from considering carcinoma of Müllerian origin, especially PFTC, as the cause of a MPE even in the face of normal gynecologic imaging. Appropriately broad immunohistochemical staining and careful attention to even minimal lymphadenopathy can be invaluable in pinpointing the primary tumour site in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hiensch
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Klaus Meinhof
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Anatoly Leytin
- Department of Pathology, Elmhurst Hospital Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Queens, NY, 11373, USA
| | - George Hagopian
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Elmhurst Hospital Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Queens, NY, 11373, USA
| | - Eva Szemraj
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Elmhurst Hospital Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Queens, NY, 11373, USA
| | - Oleg Epelbaum
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Elmhurst Hospital Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Queens, NY, 11373, USA
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14
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Pax genes in renal development, disease and regeneration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 44:97-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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