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Linder T, Schnürch M, Mihovilovic MD. One-pot synthesis of triazines as potential agents affecting cell differentiation. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2018; 149:1257-1284. [PMID: 29983453 PMCID: PMC6006243 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-018-2212-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract This paper outlines the synthesis of a number of structural analogs of 3-[(4,6-diphenoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]benzoic acid which represent compounds with potential cardiogenetic activity. A one-pot protocol was developed for swift functionalization of the 1,3,5-triazine core without the need of isolating intermediates. The developed route starts from readily available 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine, displacing the chlorine atoms sequentially by aryloxy, arylamino, or arylthio moieties to enable access to molecules with three different substituents of this type in good yields. To facilitate purification, tert-butyl, methyl, and ethyl ester derivatives of the target compounds were initially synthesized. The tert-butyl esters could be readily hydrolyzed to the desired compounds, while reduction of the methyl and ethyl esters gave the corresponding benzylic alcohols in high yields, thereby expanding the substrate scope for future relevant cell assays. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Linder
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Schnürch
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marko D. Mihovilovic
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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Lewandowski J, Kolanowski TJ, Kurpisz M. Techniques for the induction of human pluripotent stem cell differentiation towards cardiomyocytes. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:1658-1674. [PMID: 26777594 DOI: 10.1002/term.2117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The derivation of pluripotent stem cells from human embryos and the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from somatic cells opened a new chapter in studies on the regeneration of the post-infarction heart and regenerative medicine as a whole. Thus, protocols for obtaining iPSCs were enthusiastically adopted and widely used for further experiments on cardiac differentiation. iPSC-mediated cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) under in vitro culture conditions are generated by simulating natural cardiomyogenesis and involve the wingless-type mouse mammary tumour virus integration site family (WNT), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling pathways. New strategies have been proposed to take advantage of small chemical molecules, organic compounds and even electric or mechanical stimulation. There are three main approaches to support cardiac commitment in vitro: embryoid bodis (EBs), monolayer in vitro cultures and inductive co-cultures with visceral endoderm-like (END2) cells. In EB technique initial uniform size of pluripotent stem cell (PSC) colonies has a pivotal significance. Hence, some methods were designed to support cells aggregation. Another well-suited procedure is based on culturing cells in monolayer conditions in order to improve accessibility of growth factors and nutrients. Other distinct tactics are using visceral endoderm-like cells to culture them with PSCs due to secretion of procardiac cytokines. Finally, the appropriate purification of the obtained cardiomyocytes is required prior to their administration to a patient under the prospective cellular therapy strategy. This goal can be achieved using non-genetic methods, such as the application of surface markers and fluorescent dyes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Lewandowski
- Department of Reproductive Biology and Stem Cells, Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz J Kolanowski
- Department of Reproductive Biology and Stem Cells, Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Kurpisz
- Department of Reproductive Biology and Stem Cells, Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Petrakova OS, Ashapkin VV, Shtratnikova VY, Kutueva LI, Vorotelyak EA, Borisov MA, Terskikh VV, Gvazava IG, Vasiliev AV. Valproic Acid Increases the Hepatic Differentiation Potential of Salivary Gland Cells. Acta Naturae 2015; 7:80-92. [PMID: 26798494 PMCID: PMC4717252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The studies of cell plasticity and differentiation abilities are important problems in modern cellular biology. The use of histone deacetylase inhibitor - valproic acid is a promising approach to increasing the differentiation efficiency of various cell types. In this paper we investigate the ability of mouse submandibular salivary gland cells to differentiate into the hepatic direction and the effect of valproic acid on the efficiency of this differentiation. It was shown that the gene expression levels of hepatocyte markers (Aat, Afp, G6p, Pepck, Tat, Cyp3a13) and liver-enriched transcription factors (Hnf-3α, Hnf-3β, Hnf-4α, Hnf-6) were increased after differentiation in salivary gland cells. Valproic acid increases the specificity of hepatic differentiation, reducing the expression levels of the ductal (Krt19, Hhex1, Cyp7a1) and acinar (Ptf1a) markers. After valproic acid exposure, the efficiency of hepatic differentiation also increases, as evidenced by the increase in the gene expression level of Alb and Tdo, and increase in urea production by differentiated cells. No change was found in DNA methylation of the promoter regions of the genes; however, valproic acid treatment and subsequent hepatic differentiation largely affected the histone H3 methylation of liver-enriched genes. Thus, mouse submandibular salivary gland cells are capable of effective differentiation in the hepatic direction. Valproic acid increases the specificity and efficiency of the hepatic differentiation of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. S. Petrakova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Leninskie Gory, Moscow State University, 1, bld. 12, 119991, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov str., 1, 117997, Moscow, Russia
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova str., 26, 119334 , Moscow, Russia
| | - V. V. Ashapkin
- Belozersky Institute, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/40, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - V. Y. Shtratnikova
- Department of bioengineering and bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/73, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - L. I. Kutueva
- Belozersky Institute, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/40, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - E. A. Vorotelyak
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Leninskie Gory, Moscow State University, 1, bld. 12, 119991, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov str., 1, 117997, Moscow, Russia
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova str., 26, 119334 , Moscow, Russia
| | - M. A. Borisov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov str., 1, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - V. V. Terskikh
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova str., 26, 119334 , Moscow, Russia
| | - I. G. Gvazava
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov str., 1, 117997, Moscow, Russia
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova str., 26, 119334 , Moscow, Russia
| | - A. V. Vasiliev
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova str., 26, 119334 , Moscow, Russia
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Schade
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse
6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Alleyn T. Plowright
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Innovative
Medicines, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 43183, Sweden
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