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A Narrative Review of Cardiovascular Abnormalities After Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2019; 31:199-211. [PMID: 29389729 DOI: 10.1097/ana.0000000000000493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recommended cardiac workup of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) includes an electrocardiogram (ECG) and cardiac troponin. However, abnormalities in other cardiovascular domains may occur. We reviewed the literature to examine the spectrum of observed cardiovascular abnormalities in patients with ICH. METHODS A narrative review of cardiovascular abnormalities in ECG, cardiac biomarkers, echocardiogram, and hemodynamic domains was conducted on patients with ICH. RESULTS We searched PubMed for articles using MeSH Terms "heart," "cardiac," hypertension," "hypotension," "blood pressure," "electro," "echocardio," "troponin," "beta natriuretic peptide," "adverse events," "arrhythmi," "donor," "ICH," "intracerebral hemorrhage." Using Covidence software, 670 articles were screened for title and abstracts, 482 articles for full-text review, and 310 extracted. A total of 161 articles met inclusion and exclusion criteria, and, included in the manuscript. Cardiovascular abnormalities reported after ICH include electrocardiographic abnormalities (56% to 81%) in form of prolonged QT interval (19% to 67%), and ST-T changes (19% to 41%), elevation in cardiac troponin (>0.04 ng/mL), and beta-natriuretic peptide (BNP) (>156.6 pg/mL, up to 78%), echocardiographic abnormalities in form of regional wall motion abnormalities (14%) and reduced ejection fraction. Location and volume of ICH affect the prevalence of cardiovascular abnormalities. Prolonged QT interval, elevated troponin-I, and BNP associated with increased in-hospital mortality after ICH. Blood pressure control after ICH aims to preserve cerebral perfusion pressure and maintain systolic blood pressure between 140 and 179 mm Hg, and avoid intensive blood pressure reduction (110 to 140 mm Hg). The recipients of ICH donor hearts especially those with reduced ejection fraction experience increased early mortality and graft rejection. CONCLUSIONS Various cardiovascular abnormalities are common after spontaneous ICH. The workup of patients with spontaneous ICH should involve 12-lead ECG, cardiac troponin-I, as well as BNP, and echocardiogram to evaluate for heart failure. Blood pressure control with preservation of cerebral perfusion pressure is a cornerstone of hemodynamic management after ICH. The perioperative implications of hemodynamic perturbations after ICH warrant urgent further examination.
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Roever L, Resende ES, Roerver-Borges AS. Impact of pro-atrial natriuretic peptide in atrial fibrillation and stroke. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2017; 24:1239-1241. [PMID: 28452559 DOI: 10.1177/2047487317707832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Roever
- 1 Federal University of Uberlândia, Department of Clinical Research, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Elmiro Santos Resende
- 1 Federal University of Uberlândia, Department of Clinical Research, Uberlândia, Brazil
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Meyer T, Herrmann-Lingen C. Natriuretic Peptides in Anxiety and Panic Disorder. ANXIETY 2017; 103:131-145. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Iemolo F, Sanzaro E, Duro G, Giordano A, Paciaroni M. The prognostic value of biomarkers in stroke. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2016; 13:19. [PMID: 27247610 PMCID: PMC4886399 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-016-0074-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Ischemic injury triggers inflammatory cascades and changes in the protein synthesis, neurotransmitters and neuro-hormones in the brain parenchyma that may further amplify the tissue damage. The “Triage® Stroke Panel”, a biochemical multimarker assay, detects Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP), D-Dimers (DD), Matrix-Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and S100β protein generating a Multimarker index of these values (MMX). The aims of this prospective study in consecutive patients with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke were to assess: 1) the rate of an increase of biomarkers (BNP, D-dimer, MMP-9 and S-100β) tested with the Triage Stroke Panel; 2) the correlation between the increase of these biomarkers and functional outcome at 4 months; 3) the risk factors for the increase of biomarkers. Methods The outcome of the study was 120-day mortality and it was compared in patients with Stroke Panel >4 and ≤4. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors for death and for the increase of biomarkers. Results 244 consecutive patients (mean age 73.02 years; 53.7 % males) were included in the study; 210 ischemic strokes and 34 hemorrhagic strokes. 161/244 (66.0 %) had an increase of biomarkers. At 120 days, 85 patients had died (34.8 %). Death was seen in 68/161 patients with an increase of biomarkers (42.2 %) compared with 17/83 patients without (20.5 %). Regression logistic analysis found that a Stroke Panel >4 (OR 3.1; 95 % CI 1.5–6.2, p = 0.002) was associated with mortality. The increase of biomarkers was independently predicted by an increase of PCR on admission (OR 2.9, 95 CI 1.4–6.0, p = 0.003). Conclusions An increase of biochemical markers such as BNP, D-Dimers, MMP-9, and S100β tested with a Triage Stroke Panel (>4) was correlated with mortality at 120 days from stroke onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Iemolo
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy ; Department of Neurology, "R. Guzzardi" Hospital-ASP Ragusa, Via Papa Giovanni XXIII, Vittoria (Ragusa), Italy ; Department of Neuroscience, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Enzo Sanzaro
- Department of Neurology, "R. Guzzardi" Hospital-ASP Ragusa, Via Papa Giovanni XXIII, Vittoria (Ragusa), Italy
| | - Giovanni Duro
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonello Giordano
- Department of Neurology, "R. Guzzardi" Hospital-ASP Ragusa, Via Papa Giovanni XXIII, Vittoria (Ragusa), Italy
| | - Maurizio Paciaroni
- Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Alqahtani MF, Smith CM, Weiss SL, Dawson S, Ralay Ranaivo H, Wainwright MS. Evaluation of New Diagnostic Biomarkers in Pediatric Sepsis: Matrix Metalloproteinase-9, Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1, Mid-Regional Pro-Atrial Natriuretic Peptide, and Adipocyte Fatty-Acid Binding Protein. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153645. [PMID: 27089280 PMCID: PMC4835068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated plasma concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), mid-regional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (mrProANP), and adipocyte fatty-acid-binding proteins (A-FaBPs) have been investigated as biomarkers for sepsis or detection of acute neurological injuries in adults, but not children. We carried out a single-center, prospective observational study to determine if these measures could serve as biomarkers to identify children with sepsis. A secondary aim was to determine if these biomarkers could identify children with neurologic complications of sepsis. A total of 90 patients ≤ 18 years-old were included in this study. 30 with severe sepsis or septic shock were compared to 30 age-matched febrile and 30 age-matched healthy controls. Serial measurements of each biomarker were obtained, beginning on day 1 of ICU admission. In septic patients, MMP9-/TIMP-1 ratios (Median, IQR, n) were reduced on day 1 (0.024, 0.004–0.174, 13), day 2 (0.020, 0.002–0.109, 10), and day 3 (0.018, 0.003–0.058, 23) compared with febrile (0.705, 0.187–1.778, 22) and healthy (0.7, 0.4–1.2, 29) (p< 0.05) controls. A-FaBP and mrProANP (Median, IQR ng/mL, n) were elevated in septic patients compared to control groups on first 2 days after admission to the PICU (p <0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) for MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio, mrProANP, and A-FaBP to distinguish septic patients from healthy controls were 0.96, 0.99, and 0.76, respectively. MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio was inversely and mrProANP was directly related to PIM-2, PELOD, and ICU and hospital LOS (p<0.05). A-FaBP level was associated with PELOD, hospital and ICU length of stay (p<0.05). MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio associated with poor Glasgow Outcome Score (p<0.05). A-FaBP levels in septic patients with neurological dysfunction (29.3, 17.2–54.6, 7) were significantly increased compared to septic patients without neurological dysfunction (14.6, 13.3–20.6, 11). MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratios were significantly lower, while A-FaBP and mrProANP were higher in septic patients compared to the control groups. Each biomarker was associated with hospital morbidity and length of stay. These results suggest that these biomarkers merit further prospective study for the early identification of children with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashael F. Alqahtani
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Critical Care, Ann & Robert. H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Craig M. Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Critical Care, Ann & Robert. H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Neurology, Ann & Robert. H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Ruth D. & Ken M. Davee Pediatric Neurocritical Care Program, Ann & Robert. H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Scott L. Weiss
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Susan Dawson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Swedish Covenant Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Hantamalala Ralay Ranaivo
- Ruth D. & Ken M. Davee Pediatric Neurocritical Care Program, Ann & Robert. H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Mark S. Wainwright
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Critical Care, Ann & Robert. H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Neurology, Ann & Robert. H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Ruth D. & Ken M. Davee Pediatric Neurocritical Care Program, Ann & Robert. H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Outcome prediction and temperature dependency of MR-proANP and Copeptin in comatose resuscitated patients. Resuscitation 2015; 89:75-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Bustamante A, Garcia-Berrocoso T, Llombart V, Simats A, Giralt D, Montaner J. Neuroendocrine hormones as prognostic biomarkers in the setting of acute stroke: overcoming the major hurdles. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 14:1391-403. [PMID: 25418815 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2014.977867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Stroke represents one of the major causes of disability and mortality worldwide and prediction of outcome represents a challenge for both clinicians and researchers. In the past years, many blood markers have been associated with stroke outcome but despite this evidence, no biomarker is routinely used in stroke management. In this review, we focus on markers of the neuroendocrine system, which represent potential candidates to be implemented in clinical practice. Moreover, we present a systematic review and literature-based meta-analysis for copeptin, a new biomarker of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis that has shown additional predictive value over clinical information in a large prospective study. The meta-analysis of the included 7 studies, with more than 2000 patients, reinforced its association with poor outcome (pooled odds ratio: 2.474 [1.678-3.268]) and mortality (pooled OR: 2.569 [1.642-3.495]). We further review the current situation of the topic and next steps to implement these tools by clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Bustamante
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institut of Research, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Pg. Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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Yokobori S, Watanabe A, Igarashi Y, Tagami T, Kuwamoto K, Ishinokami S, Yokota H. The serum level of brain natriuretic peptide increases in severe subarachnoid hemorrhage thereby reflecting an increase in both cardiac preload and afterload. Cerebrovasc Dis 2014; 38:276-83. [PMID: 25402208 DOI: 10.1159/000368217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increase of serum brain natriuretic peptide (sBNP) is well known in patients with severe subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, the pathophysiology between the clinical severity of SAH and the sBNP secretion is still not clear. The aim of this study is thus to clarify the cardiovascular pathophysiological mechanisms of sBNP secretion in severe SAH patients. METHODS From the database of multicenter prospective study (SAH PiCCO study), sBNP level was compared among initial Hunt and Kosnik (H-K) gradings on the first day. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was applied to decide the threshold existing between severe (H-K grade 4-5) and non-severe (H-K grade 2-3) patients. Cardiopulmonary parameters were also measured with thermodilution techniques and compared between low and high sBNP groups. RESULTS sBNP level was significantly higher in severe patients than in non-severe patients (566.5 ± 204.2 vs. 155.7 ± 32.8 pg/ml, p = 0.034). Based on ROC analysis, the threshold value that divides severe and non-severe was 78.6 pg/ml (AUC = 0.79). In the higher sBNP group (≥78.6 pg/ml), global end-diastolic volume index (GEDI) and intrathoracic blood volume index (ITVI), which indicate the cardiac preload, were significantly higher than in the low sBNP group. The systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), the indicator for sympathetic activation and cardiac afterload, was also higher in the high BNP group. CONCLUSIONS In severe SAH patients, sBNP elevation was significantly associated with the increase of both cardiac preload and afterload. sBNP may be a good severity biomarker in SAH patients, reflecting the systemic impact it makes on cardiovascular preload and afterload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Yokobori
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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