1
|
Kang SJ, Shin CM, Han K, Jung JH, Jin EH, Lim JH, Choi YJ, Yoon H, Park YS, Kim N, Lee DH. Impact of Smoking and Alcohol Consumption on Early-Onset Gastric Cancer Development in Young Koreans: A Population-Based Study. J Gastric Cancer 2024; 24:145-158. [PMID: 38575508 PMCID: PMC10995832 DOI: 10.5230/jgc.2024.24.e2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although smoking and alcohol consumption are known risk factors for gastric cancer (GC), studies assessing their effects on early-onset GC are limited. In this nationwide, population-based, prospective cohort study, we assessed the effects of smoking and alcohol consumption on early-onset GC in patients aged <50 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed data of patients aged 20-39 years who underwent cancer and general health screening in the Korean National Health Screening Program between 2009 and 2012. We calculated the adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for GC incidence until December 2020. RESULTS We enrolled 6,793,699 individuals (men:women=4,077,292:2,716,407) in this cohort. The mean duration of follow-up was 9.4 years. During follow-up, 9,893 cases of GC (men:women=6,304:3,589) were reported. Compared with the aHRs (95% CI) of never-smokers, those of former and current-smokers were 1.121 (1.044-1.205) and 1.282 (1.212-1.355), respectively. Compared with the aHRs (95% CI) of non-consumers, those of low-moderate- and high-risk alcohol consumers were 1.095 (1.046-1.146) and 1.212 (1.113-1.321), respectively. GC risk was the highest in current-smokers and high-risk alcohol consumers (1.447 [1.297-1.615]). Interestingly, alcohol consumption and smoking additively increased the GC risk in men but not in women (Pinteraction=0.002). CONCLUSION Smoking and alcohol consumption are significant risk factors for early-onset GC in young Koreans. Further studies are needed to investigate sex-based impact of alcohol consumption and smoking on GC incidence in young individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Joo Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea. ,
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea. ,
| | - Jin Hyung Jung
- Department of Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Hyo Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Jin Choi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyuk Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Young Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu XR, Wen ZL, Liu F, Li ZW, Liu XY, Zhang W, Peng D. Colonoscopy plays an important role in detecting colorectal neoplasms in patients with gastric neoplasms. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:133-143. [PMID: 38292850 PMCID: PMC10824114 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i1.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) are the fifth and third most common cancer worldwide, respectively. Nowadays, GC is reported to have a potential predictive value for CRC, especially for advanced CRC. AIM To evaluate the necessity of colonoscopy for gastric neoplasm (GN) patients. METHODS Four databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Ovid, were used to perform the search strategy on May 2, 2023. The prevalence of colorectal neoplasms (CRN) and baseline characteristics were compared between the neoplasm group and the control group. Continuous variables are expressed as the mean difference and standard deviation. Relationships of categorical variables in the two groups are expressed as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs). Subgroup analysis according to different kinds of GNs was conducted for more in-depth analysis. The results of this study are represented by forest plots. Publication bias was evaluated by a funnel plot. All data analyses were performed by STATA SE 16.0 software. RESULTS A total of 3018 patients with GNs and 3905 healthy controls (age and sex matched) were enrolled for analysis. After comparing the prevalence of CRNs between the two groups, CRNs were detected significantly more frequently in GN patients than in controls (OR = 1.69, 95%CI = 1.28 to 2.23, I2 = 85.12%, P = 0.00), especially in patients with GC (OR =1.80, 95%CI = 1.49 to 2.18, I2 = 25.55%, P < 0.1). Moreover, other risk factors including age (OR = 1.08, 95%CI = 1.00 to 1.17, I2 = 90.13%, P = 0.00) and male sex (OR = 2.31, 95%CI = 1.26 to 4.22, I2 = 87.35%, P = 0.00), were related to the prevalence of CRNs. For patients in the GN group, body mass index (BMI, OR = 0.88, 95%CI = 0.80 to 0.98, I2 = 0.00%, P = 0.92) and smoking (OR = 1.03, 95%CI = 1.01 to 1.05, I2 = 0.00%, P = 0.57) were protective and risk factors for CRNs, respectively. CONCLUSION Patients are recommended to undergo colonoscopy when diagnosed with GNs, especially GC patients with a low BMI and a history of smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Rui Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ze-Lin Wen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zi-Wei Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Dong Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen L, Wei S, He Y, Wang X, He T, Zhang A, Jing M, Li H, Wang R, Zhao Y. Treatment of Chronic Gastritis with Traditional Chinese Medicine: Pharmacological Activities and Mechanisms. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1308. [PMID: 37765116 PMCID: PMC10537303 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic gastritis (CG) is a common clinical digestive system disease, which is not easyily cured and is prone to recurrence. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plays a significant role in the treatment of CG and has attracted increasing attention for clinical applications. In recent years, a large number of reports have shown that TCM has good therapeutic effect on CG. The aim of this paper is to investigate the pharmacological activities and mechanism of action of TCM in the treatment of CAG. Therefore, by searching the databases of Pubmed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and Baidu academic databases, this paper has summarized the molecular mechanisms of TCM in improving CG. The results show that the improvement of GC by TCM is closely related to a variety of molecular mechanisms, including the inhibition of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection, alleviation of oxidative stress, improvement of gastric function, repair of gastric mucosa, inhibition of inflammatory response, and apoptosis. More importantly, IRF8-IFN-γ, IL-4-STAT6, Hedgehog, pERK1/2, MAPK, PI3K-Akt, NF-κB, TNFR-c-Src-ERK1/2-c-Fos, Nrf2/HO-1, and HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathways are considered as important molecular targets for TCM in the treatment of GC. These important findings will provide a direction and a basis for further exploring the pathogenesis of GC and tapping the potential of TCM in clinical treatment. This review also puts forward a bright prospect for future research of TCM in the treatment of CG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisheng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (L.C.); (Y.H.); (X.W.); (M.J.); (H.L.)
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Shizhang Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (L.C.); (Y.H.); (X.W.); (M.J.); (H.L.)
| | - Yong He
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (L.C.); (Y.H.); (X.W.); (M.J.); (H.L.)
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (L.C.); (Y.H.); (X.W.); (M.J.); (H.L.)
| | - Tingting He
- Division of Integrative Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100039, China; (T.H.); (A.Z.); (R.W.)
| | - Aozhe Zhang
- Division of Integrative Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100039, China; (T.H.); (A.Z.); (R.W.)
| | - Manyi Jing
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (L.C.); (Y.H.); (X.W.); (M.J.); (H.L.)
| | - Haotian Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (L.C.); (Y.H.); (X.W.); (M.J.); (H.L.)
| | - Ruilin Wang
- Division of Integrative Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100039, China; (T.H.); (A.Z.); (R.W.)
| | - Yanling Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (L.C.); (Y.H.); (X.W.); (M.J.); (H.L.)
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100039, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer and Liver Cirrhosis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092269. [PMID: 35565397 PMCID: PMC9105927 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary There is a higher incidence rate of upper gastrointestinal cancer in those with liver cirrhosis. The contributing factors include gastric ulcers, congestive gastropathy, zinc deficiency, alcohol drinking, tobacco use and gut microbiota. Most of the de novo malignancies that develop after liver transplantation for cirrhotic patients are upper gastrointestinal cancers. The surgical risk of upper gastrointestinal cancers in cirrhotic patients with advanced liver cirrhosis is higher. Abstract The extended scope of upper gastrointestinal cancer can include esophageal cancer, gastric cancer and pancreatic cancer. A higher incidence rate of gastric cancer and esophageal cancer in patients with liver cirrhosis has been reported. It is attributable to four possible causes which exist in cirrhotic patients, including a higher prevalence of gastric ulcers and congestive gastropathy, zinc deficiency, alcohol drinking and tobacco use and coexisting gut microbiota. Helicobacter pylori infection enhances the development of gastric cancer. In addition, Helicobacter pylori, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans also contribute to the development of pancreatic cancer in cirrhotic patients. Cirrhotic patients (especially those with alcoholic liver cirrhosis) who undergo liver transplantation have a higher overall risk of developing de novo malignancies. Most de novo malignancies are upper gastrointestinal malignancies. The prognosis is usually poor. Considering the surgical risk of upper gastrointestinal cancer among those with liver cirrhosis, a radical gastrectomy with D1 or D2 lymph node dissection can be undertaken in Child class A patients. D1 lymph node dissection can be performed in Child class B patients. Endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastric cancer or esophageal cancer can be undertaken safely in selected cirrhotic patients. In Child class C patients, a radical gastrectomy is potentially fatal. Pancreatic radical surgery should be avoided in those with liver cirrhosis with Child class B or a MELD score over 15. The current review focuses on the recent reports on some factors in liver cirrhosis that contribute to the development of upper gastrointestinal cancer. Quitting alcohol drinking and tobacco use is important. How to decrease the risk of the development of gastrointestinal cancer in those with liver cirrhosis remains a challenging problem.
Collapse
|
5
|
Identification of Antimotilins, Novel Inhibitors of Helicobacter pylori Flagellar Motility That Inhibit Stomach Colonization in a Mouse Model. mBio 2022; 13:e0375521. [PMID: 35227071 PMCID: PMC8941896 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03755-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
New treatment options against the widespread cancerogenic gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori are urgently needed. We describe a novel screening procedure for inhibitors of H. pylori flagellar biosynthesis. The assay is based on a flaA flagellin gene-luciferase reporter fusion in H. pylori and was amenable to multi-well screening formats with an excellent Z factor. We screened various compound libraries to identify virulence blockers ("antimotilins") that inhibit H. pylori motility or the flagellar type III secretion apparatus. We identified compounds that either inhibit both motility and the bacterial viability, or the flagellar system only, without negatively affecting bacterial growth. Novel anti-virulence compounds which suppressed flagellar biosynthesis in H. pylori were active on pure H. pylori cultures in vitro and partially suppressed motility directly, reduced flagellin transcript and flagellin protein amounts. We performed a proof-of-principle treatment study in a mouse model of chronic H. pylori infection and demonstrated a significant effect on H. pylori colonization for one antimotilin termed Active2 even as a monotherapy. The diversity of the intestinal microbiota was not significantly affected by Active2. In conclusion, the novel antimotilins active against motility and flagellar assembly bear promise to complement commonly used antibiotic-based combination therapies for treating and eradicating H. pylori infections. IMPORTANCE Helicobacter pylori is one of the most prevalent bacterial pathogens, inflicting hundreds of thousands of peptic ulcers and gastric cancers to patients every year. Antibacterial treatment of H. pylori is complicated due to the need of combining multiple antibiotics, entailing serious side effects and increasing selection for antibiotic resistance. Here, we aimed to explore novel nonantibiotic approaches to H. pylori treatment. We selected an antimotility approach since flagellar motility is essential for H. pylori colonization. We developed a screening system for inhibitors of H. pylori motility and flagellar assembly, and identified numerous novel antibacterial and anti-motility compounds (antimotilins). Selected compounds were further characterized, and one was evaluated in a preclinical therapy study in mice. The antimotilin compound showed a good efficacy to reduce bacterial colonization in the model, such that the antimotilin approach bears promise to be further developed into a therapy against H. pylori infection in humans.
Collapse
|
6
|
BRAF Mutation Is Associated with Hyperplastic Polyp-Associated Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312724. [PMID: 34884530 PMCID: PMC8657452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric hyperplastic polyps (GHP) are frequently found to be benign polyps and have been considered to have a low carcinogenic potential. The characteristics of the hyperplastic polyp-associated gastric cancer (HPAGC) remain unclear. Therefore, we analyzed samples from 102 GHP patients and identified 20 low-grade atypical GHPs (19.6%), 7 high-grade atypical GHPs (6.9%), and 5 intramucosal cancer samples (4.9%). GHP atypia was more common in the elderly and increased with increasing polyp size. In particular, polyps larger than 1 cm were associated with a higher grade and cancer. Furthermore, mucus production decreased with increasing atypia. Although no correlation was found between atypia and Helicobacter pylori infection or intestinal metaplasia, enhanced proliferative ability (Ki-67) did correlate with atypia, as did nuclear 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels. Interestingly, 4-hydroxynonenal levels in granulation tissue and the area ratio of granulation tissue within polyps also correlated with GHP atypia. In five cases of HPAGC, three cases exhibited caudal type homeobox transcription factor (CDX2)-positive cells and a mixed mucin phenotype, which is considered to be related to H. pylori infection. By contrast, two cases were CDX2 negative, with a gastric mucin phenotype, and H. pylori infection was not observed in the tumor or the surrounding mucosa. In these cases, a v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) mutation (V600E) was detected. All cancer samples showed high stemness and p53 protein accumulation, but no KRAS mutations. The molecular and phenotypic characteristics of the cases characterized by BRAF mutations may represent a novel subtype of HPAGC, reflecting a conserved pathway to oncogenesis that does not involve H. pylori infection. These findings are worthy of further investigation in a large-scale study with a substantial cohort of HPAGC patients to establish their clinical significance.
Collapse
|
7
|
Teufel A, Quante M, Kandulski A, Hirth M, Zhan T, Eckardt M, Thieme R, Kusnik A, Yesmembetov K, Wiest I, Riemann JF, Schlitt HJ, Gockel I, Malfertheiner P, Ebert MP. [Prevention of gastrointestinal cancer]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2021; 59:964-982. [PMID: 34507375 DOI: 10.1055/a-1540-7539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Throughout the past decades, considerable progress has been made in the (early) diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal cancers. However, the prognosis for advanced stages of gastrointestinal tumors remains limited for many patients and approximately one third of all tumor patients die as a result of gastrointestinal tumors. The prevention and early detection of gastrointestinal tumors is therefore of great importance.For this reason, we summarize the current state of knowledge and recommendations for the primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of esophageal, stomach, pancreas, liver and colorectal cancer in the following.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Teufel
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Sektion Hepatologie, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Mannheim.,Klinische Kooperationseinheit Healthy Metabolism, Zentrum für Präventivmedizin und Digitale Gesundheit Baden-Württemberg, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim
| | - Michael Quante
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Medizinische Universitätsklinik, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau
| | - Arne Kandulski
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg
| | - Michael Hirth
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Mannheim
| | - Tianzuo Zhan
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Mannheim
| | - Maximilian Eckardt
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Mannheim
| | - René Thieme
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Viszeral-, Transplantations-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Department für Operative Medizin (DOPM), Universitatsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig
| | - Alexander Kusnik
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Mannheim
| | - Kakharman Yesmembetov
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Stoffwechselerkrankungen und Internistische Intensivmedizin (Med. III), RWTH Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen
| | - Isabella Wiest
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Mannheim
| | | | - Hans Jürgen Schlitt
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Chirurgie, Universitatsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg
| | - Ines Gockel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Viszeral-, Transplantations-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Department für Operative Medizin (DOPM), Universitatsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig
| | - Peter Malfertheiner
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Infektiologie, Medizinische Fakultät Magdeburg, Magdeburg
| | - Matthias Philip Ebert
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Mannheim.,Klinische Kooperationseinheit Healthy Metabolism, Zentrum für Präventivmedizin und Digitale Gesundheit Baden-Württemberg, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Goswami S. Interplay of potassium channel, gastric parietal cell and proton pump in gastrointestinal physiology, pathology and pharmacology. Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino) 2021; 68:289-305. [PMID: 34309336 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5985.21.02964-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Gastric acid secretion plays a pivotal role in the physiology of gastrointestinal tract. The functioning of the system encompasses a P2 ATPase pump (which shuttles electroneutral function at low pH) along with different voltage sensitive/neutral ion channels, cytosolic proteins, acid sensor receptors as well hormonal regulators. The increased acid secretion is a pathological marker of several diseases like peptic ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), chronic gastritis, and the bug Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has also a critical role, which altogether affects the patient's quality of life. This review comprehensively describes about the nature of potassium ion channel and its mediators, the different clinical strategy to control acid rebound, and some basic experimental observations performed to study the interplay of ion channels, pumps, as well as mediators during acid secretion. Different aspects of regulation of gastric acid secretion have been focused either in terms of physiology of secretion or molecular interactions. The importance of H pylori infection and its treatment have also been discussed. Furthermore, the relevance of calcium signaling during acid secretion has been reviewed. The entire theme will make anyone to understand in details about the gastric secretion machinery in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suchandra Goswami
- Smt. Vidyawati College of Pharmacy, Gora Machhiya, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India -
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shetty NP, Prabhakaran M, Srivastava AK. Pleiotropic nature of curcumin in targeting multiple apoptotic-mediated factors and related strategies to treat gastric cancer: A review. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5397-5416. [PMID: 34028111 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the major reasons for cancer-associated death and exhibits the second-highest mortality rate worldwide. Several advanced approaches have been designed to treat GC; however, these strategies possess many innate complications. In view of this, the upcoming research relying on natural products could result in designing potential anticancer agents with fewer side effects. Curcumin, isolated from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa L. has several medicinal properties like antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antiapoptotic, antitumor, and antimetastatic. Such pleiotropic nature of curcumin impedes the invasion and proliferation of GC by targeting several oncogenic factors like p23, human epidermal factor receptor2 including Helicobacter pylori. The side effect of chemotherapy, that is, chemotherapeutic resistance and radiotherapy could be reduced combination therapy of curcumin. Moreover, the photodynamic therapy of curcumin destroys the cancer cells without affecting normal cells. However, further more potential studies are required to establish the potent efficacy of curcumin in the treatment of GC. The current review details the anticancer activities of curcumin and related strategies which could be employed to treat GC with additional focus on its inhibitory properties against viability, proliferation, and migration of GC cells through cell cycle arrest and stimulation by apoptosis-mediated factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nandini P Shetty
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India
| | - Manoj Prabhakaran
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hoffmann W. Trefoil Factor Family (TFF) Peptides and Their Links to Inflammation: A Re-evaluation and New Medical Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094909. [PMID: 34066339 PMCID: PMC8125380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trefoil factor family peptides (TFF1, TFF2, TFF3), together with mucins, are typical exocrine products of mucous epithelia. Here, they act as a gastric tumor suppressor (TFF1) or they play different roles in mucosal innate immune defense (TFF2, TFF3). Minute amounts are also secreted as endocrine, e.g., by the immune and central nervous systems. As a hallmark, TFF peptides have different lectin activities, best characterized for TFF2, but also TFF1. Pathologically, ectopic expression occurs during inflammation and in various tumors. In this review, the role of TFF peptides during inflammation is discussed on two levels. On the one hand, the expression of TFF1-3 is regulated by inflammatory signals in different ways (upstream links). On the other hand, TFF peptides influence inflammatory processes (downstream links). The latter are recognized best in various Tff-deficient mice, which have completely different phenotypes. In particular, TFF2 is secreted by myeloid cells (e.g., macrophages) and lymphocytes (e.g., memory T cells), where it modulates immune reactions triggering inflammation. As a new concept, in addition to lectin-triggered activation, a hypothetical lectin-triggered inhibition of glycosylated transmembrane receptors by TFF peptides is discussed. Thus, TFFs are promising players in the field of glycoimmunology, such as galectins and C-type lectins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Hoffmann
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Simkin J, Nash SH, Barchuk A, O'Brien DK, Erickson AC, Hanley B, Hannah H, Corriveau A, Larsen IK, Skovlund CW, Larønningen S, Dummer TJB, Bruce MG, Ogilvie G. Stomach Cancer Incidence and Mortality Trends among Circumpolar Nations. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:845-856. [PMID: 33627381 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-1618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stomach cancer incidence and mortality rates are declining across circumpolar nations, but the burden may not be distributed equally across subpopulations, including Indigenous peoples. Our objective was to examine stomach cancer incidence and mortality trends across circumpolar populations. METHODS Cancer incidence and mortality data from 1999-2016 were obtained from the Canadian Cancer Registry, Canadian Vital Statistics, CDC WONDER, NORDCAN, Northwestern Russian cancer registries, and National Cancer Reports. The direct method was used to calculate 10-year rolling age-standardized incidence and mortality rates to the world (WHO 2000-2025) and 2011 Canadian standard populations. Standardized incidence rate ratios (SRR) were calculated. Data were stratified by sex, year, and region. U.S. data were broken down by race [White; American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN)]. Race data were not available from non-U.S. cancer registries. RESULTS Most populations showed declining incidence and mortality rates over time. Incidence rates among Greenland males and females, Alaska AIAN males and females, and Northern Canadian both sexes were elevated compared with regional counterparts and remained stable. The largest male SRR was observed among Alaska AIAN versus Alaska Whites [SRR = 3.82; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 2.71-5.37]. The largest female SRR was observed among Alaska AIAN versus Alaska Whites (SRR = 4.10; 95% CI, 2.62-6.43). CONCLUSIONS Despite stomach cancer incidence and mortality rates declining overall, some northern and Indigenous populations experience elevated and stable incidence and mortality rates. IMPACT There is a need to address disparities observed among circumpolar subpopulations. Given similarities in incidence, mortality, and risk factor prevalence across circumpolar regions, addressing disparities could benefit from coordinated international action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Simkin
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, British Columbia, Canada. .,School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sarah H Nash
- Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, Alaska
| | - Anton Barchuk
- European University at Saint Petersburg, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,NN Petrov National Cancer Research Medical Center of Oncology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - David K O'Brien
- Alaska Cancer Registry, Health Analytics and Vital Records Section (HAVRS), Alaska Department of Health and Social Services, Anchorage, Alaska
| | - Anders C Erickson
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brendan Hanley
- Office of the Chief Medical Officer of Health, Department of Health and Social Services, Government of Yukon, Whitehorse, Yukon Territory, Canada
| | - Heather Hannah
- Department of Health and Social Services, Government of Northwest Territories, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada
| | - Andre Corriveau
- Department of Health and Social Services, Government of Northwest Territories, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Trevor J B Dummer
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre of Excellence in Cancer Prevention, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael G Bruce
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska
| | - Gina Ogilvie
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, British Columbia, Canada.,School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada.,Women's Health Research Institute, BC Women's Hospital + Health Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Alternate remedies with natural products provides unlimited opportunities for new drug development. These can be either as pure compounds or as standardized set of compounds. The phytochemicals and secondary metabolites are in great demand for screening bioactive compounds and plays an important role towards drug development. Natural products have many advantages over to synthetic chemical drugs. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) a Gram-negative bacteria has been classified as Class I carcinogen by World Health Organization in 1994. Current treatment regimens for H. pylori is ‘triple therapy’ administrated for two weeks which includes a combination of two antibiotics like Amoxicillin and Clarithromycin and a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) like Lansoprazole, and for ‘quadruple therapy’ in addition to antibiotics and a PPI, Bismuth is used. Antibiotic resistance can be named as the main factor for failure of treatment of H. pylori infection. The need of the hour is to develop a herbal remedy that could combat the growth of H. pylori. Probiotics can also be used as ‘feasible’ tool for H. pylori infection management. Present review is an attempt to briefly discuss about the pathogenicity, genetic predisposition, perturbation of gut microbiota due to antibiotic treatment and restoration of healthy gut microbiota with phytochemicals and probiotics.
Collapse
|
13
|
Ciccaglione AF, Di Giulio M, Di Lodovico S, Di Campli E, Cellini L, Marzio L. Bovine lactoferrin enhances the efficacy of levofloxacin-based triple therapy as first-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection: an in vitro and in vivo study. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 74:1069-1077. [PMID: 30668729 PMCID: PMC6419617 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dky510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial/antivirulence action of bovine lactoferrin and its ability to synergize with levofloxacin against resistant Helicobacter pylori strains and to analyse the effect of levofloxacin, amoxicillin and esomeprazole with and without bovine lactoferrin as the first-line treatment for H. pylori infection. Methods The bovine lactoferrin antimicrobial/antivirulence effect was analysed in vitro by MIC/MBC determination and twitching motility against six clinical H. pylori strains and a reference strain. The synergism was evaluated using the chequerboard assay. The prospective therapeutic trial was carried out on two separate patient groups, one treated with esomeprazole/amoxicillin/levofloxacin and the other with esomeprazole/amoxicillin/levofloxacin/bovine lactoferrin. Treatment outcome was determined with the [13C]urea breath test. Results In vitro, bovine lactoferrin inhibited the growth of 50% of strains at 10 mg/mL and expressed 50% bactericidal effect at 40 mg/mL. The combination of levofloxacin and bovine lactoferrin displayed a synergistic effect for all strains, with the best MIC reduction of 16- and 32-fold for levofloxacin and bovine lactoferrin, respectively. Bovine lactoferrin at one-fourth MIC reduced microbial motility significantly for all strains studied. In the in vivo study, 6 of 24 patients recruited had treatment failure recorded with esomeprazole/amoxicillin/levofloxacin (75% success, 95% CI 57.68%–92.32%), and in the group with esomeprazole/amoxicillin/levofloxacin/bovine lactoferrin, 2 out of 53 patients recruited had failure recorded (96.07% success, 95% CI 90.62%–101.38%). Conclusions Bovine lactoferrin can be considered a novel potentiator for restoring susceptibility in resistant H. pylori strains. Bovine lactoferrin added to a triple therapy in first-line treatment potentiates the therapeutic effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mara Di Giulio
- Department of Pharmacy, 'G. d'Annunzio' University, Via dei Vestini, Chieti, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Lodovico
- Department of Pharmacy, 'G. d'Annunzio' University, Via dei Vestini, Chieti, Italy
| | - Emanuela Di Campli
- Department of Pharmacy, 'G. d'Annunzio' University, Via dei Vestini, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigina Cellini
- Department of Pharmacy, 'G. d'Annunzio' University, Via dei Vestini, Chieti, Italy
| | - Leonardo Marzio
- Digestive Sciences Unit, 'G. d'Annunzio' University, Pescara Civic Hospital, Via Fonte Romana 8, Pescara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Diaz MDP, Icaza G, Nuñez L, Pou SA. Gastric Cancer Mortality Trends in the Southern Cone: Disentangling age, period and cohort patterns in Argentina and Chile. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1526. [PMID: 32001804 PMCID: PMC6992761 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58539-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Argentina and Chile are neighboring countries, gastric cancer (GC) is the first cancer death cause in the Chilean male population, while it is ranked in fifth place for Argentinean males. This study is the first to identify the differential time-patterns associated with the age-period-cohort effects for the last few decades (1990-2015) in these Southern Cone countries. Trends of age-standardized truncated mortality rates (ASMR) for GC were analyzed using log-linear Poisson age-period-cohort models, including cubic splines for each component. The ASMR trends for GC decreased in both sexes but more considerably in Chile and more favorably for males (annual percentage changes 2002-2015 = -3.5, 95%CI: -3.9 to -3.1). Moreover, GC age-specific mortality rates were noticeably higher in Chile. A favorable decreasing mortality risk throughout the periods (from 2000) and by cohort was observed for both countries; however, the risk reduction has stabilized in younger female cohorts since 1950-cohort. In conclusion, overall favorable decreasing trends for GC mortality were found; however, when age-period-cohort effects were disentangled, Chile and younger female cohorts showed a more unfavorable scenario. Obesity, lifestyles, and environmental conditions (like altitude) may explain country differences. This analytical approach may be a valuable tool to be replicated in other countries with no population-based cancer registries and acceptable mortality data quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Del Pilar Diaz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Estadística y Bioestadística, Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Bv. de la Reforma, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gloria Icaza
- Instituto de Matemática y Física, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.,Programa de Investigación Asociativa en Cáncer Gástrico, Avenida Lircay s/n, Talca, Chile
| | - Loreto Nuñez
- Programa de Investigación Asociativa en Cáncer Gástrico, Avenida Lircay s/n, Talca, Chile.,Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Sonia A Pou
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Estadística y Bioestadística, Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Bv. de la Reforma, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 5016, Córdoba, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lee MH, Yang JY, Cho Y, Woo HJ, Kwon HJ, Kim DH, Park M, Moon C, Yeon MJ, Kim HW, Seo WD, Kim SH, Kim JB. Inhibitory Effects of Menadione on Helicobacter pylori Growth and Helicobacter pylori-Induced Inflammation via NF-κB Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051169. [PMID: 30866458 PMCID: PMC6429389 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
H. pylori is classified as a group I carcinogen by WHO because of its involvement in gastric cancer development. Several reports have suggested anti-bacterial effects of menadione, although the effect of menadione on major virulence factors of H. pylori and H. pylori-induced inflammation is yet to be elucidated. In this study, therefore, we demonstrated that menadione has anti-H. pylori and anti-inflammatory effects. Menadione inhibited growth of H. pylori reference strains and clinical isolates. Menadione reduced expression of vacA in H. pylori, and translocation of VacA protein into AGS (gastric adenocarcinoma cell) was also decreased by menadione treatment. This result was concordant with decreased apoptosis in AGS cells infected with H. pylori. Moreover, cytotoxin-associated protein A (CagA) translocation into H. pylori-infected AGS cells was also decreased by menadione. Menadione inhibited expression of several type IV secretion system (T4SS) components, including virB2, virB7, virB8, and virB10, that are responsible for translocation of CagA into host cells. In particular, menadione inhibited nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-κB) activation and thereby reduced expression of the proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in AGS as well as in THP-1 (monocytic leukemia cell) cell lines. Collectively, these results suggest the anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of menadione against H. pylori.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Ho Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea.
- Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service, Wonju 26460, Korea.
| | - Ji Yeong Yang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea.
| | - Yoonjung Cho
- Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service, Wonju 26460, Korea.
| | - Hyun Jun Woo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Korea.
| | - Hye Jin Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea.
| | - Do Hyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea.
| | - Min Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Daekyeung University, Gyeongsan 38547, Korea.
| | - Cheol Moon
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Semyung University, Jecheon 27136, Korea.
| | - Min Ji Yeon
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung 25451, Korea.
| | - Hyun Woo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea.
| | - Woo-Duck Seo
- National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-Gun 55365, Korea.
| | - Sa-Hyun Kim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Semyung University, Jecheon 27136, Korea.
| | - Jong-Bae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
An experimental in-vitro study to evaluate the anti-helicobacter activity of Glycyrrhetinic acid. REV ROMANA MED LAB 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/rrlm-2019-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the in-vitro efficacy of Glycyrrhetinic acid against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) strains, as compared with conventional antibacterial agents.
Methods: A total of 41 H. pylori isolates were used, 6 of which were of standard strains (NCTC 1637), 8 of which were drug-sensitive, and 27 were resistant to drugs isolates. Clarithromycin and metronidazole resistance in all strains of H. pylori were determined by the Epsilometer test (E-test) method. MIC study was performed by using microdilution broth method.
Results: Glycyrrhetinic acid was found to be effective against H. pylori NCTC 1637 in doses of 12.0±4.38 µg/mL, while the MIC value of clinical H. pylori isolates susceptible to antimicrobials was 20.8±10.11 µg/ml. It was found that the MIC values for antimicrobial-sensitive clinical H. pylori isolates was higher when compared with H. pylori NCTC 1637 strains. The MIC values of the standard antimicrobial agents against drug-resistant H. pylori strains were higher than H. pylori NCTC 1637 strains and drug-sensitive H. pylori strains. The MIC value was found to be 14.22±7.77 µg/ml for metronidazole, 3.89±1.90 µg/ml for clarithromycin, 2.33±1.0 µg/ml for amoxicillin, 2.44±0.88 µg/ml for levofloxacin and 4.89±2.47 µg/ml for tetracycline, whereas the MIC value of Glycyrrhetinic acid was 26.67±8.0 µg/ml in metronidazole-resistant H. pylori isolates. Besides, MIC values of the antimicrobials and 18ß-Glycyrrhetinic acid among the strains resistant to clarithromycin were as follows: 3.25±2.12 µg/ml for metronidazole, 9.71±4.54 µg/ml for clarithromycin, 2.06±1.32 µg/ml for amoxicillin, 3.88±4.22 µg/ml for levofloaxacin and 3.25±1.04 µg/mL for tetracycline and 22.0±11.11 µg/ml for Glycyrrhetinic acid.
Conclusion: Glycyrrhetinic acid had significant antimicrobial activity against H. pylori strains. Although further in-vivo studies are needed on antimicrobial activity of Glycyrrhetinic acid, increased resistance to drugs currently used in treatment suggests that Glycyrrhetinic acid may be a potential agent for the treatment of H. pylori.
Collapse
|
17
|
Selgrad M, Bornschein J, Kandulski A, Weigt J, Roessner A, Wex T, Malfertheiner P. Combined Gastric and Colorectal Cancer Screening-A New Strategy. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3854. [PMID: 30513960 PMCID: PMC6321419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aim was to evaluate the feasibility of a serological assessment of gastric cancer risk in patients undergoing colonoscopy in countries with low-to-moderate incidence rates. METHODS Serum samples were prospectively collected from 453 patients (>50 years old) undergoing colonoscopies. Of these, 279 (61.6%) also underwent gastroscopy to correlate the results for serum pepsinogen I and II (sPG-I and sPG-II), sPG-I/II ratio, and anti-H. pylori antibodies with gastric histopathology findings (graded according to the updated Sydney classification and the Operative Link of Gastritis Assessment (OLGA) and the Operative Link for Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia assessment (OLGIM) systems). RESULTS H. pylori was found in 85 patients (30.5%). Chronic atrophic gastritis was diagnosed in 89 (31.9%) patients. High-risk OLGA (III⁻IV) stages were present in 24 patients, and high-risk OLGIM stages were present in 14 patients. There was an inverse correlation of sPG-I with the degree of atrophy and intestinal metaplasia (IM), as well as with the respective OLGA (r = -0.425; p < 0.001) and OLGIM (r = -0.303; p < 0.001) stages. A pathological sPG-I result was associated with a relative risk (RR) of 12.2 (95% confidence interval: 6.29⁻23.54; p < 0.001) for gastric preneoplastic changes. CONCLUSIONS The assessment of serum pepsinogen allows the identification of patients at increased risk of gastric cancer. A prevention strategy of combining a screening colonoscopy with a serological screening for preneoplastic gastric changes should be considered in the general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Selgrad
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke-University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Jan Bornschein
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke-University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Arne Kandulski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke-University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Jochen Weigt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke-University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Albert Roessner
- Department of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke-University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Wex
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke-University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
- Medical Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular Genetics, Schwiesaustr. 12, 39124 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Peter Malfertheiner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke-University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nolen LD, Bruden D, Miernyk K, McMahon BJ, Sacco F, Varner W, Mezzetti T, Hurlburt D, Tiesinga J, Bruce MG. H. pylori-associated pathologic findings among Alaska native patients. Int J Circumpolar Health 2018; 77:1510715. [PMID: 30157723 PMCID: PMC6116699 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2018.1510715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is common among Alaska native (AN) people, however scant gastric histopathologic data is available for this population. This study aimed to characterise gastric histopathology and H. pylori infection among AN people. We enrolled AN adults undergoing upper endoscopy. Gastric biopsy samples were evaluated for pathologic changes, the presence of H. pylori, and the presence of cag pathogenicity island-positive bacteria. Of 432 persons; two persons were diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma, two with MALT lymphoma, 40 (10%) with ulcers, and 51 (12%) with intestinal metaplasia. Fifty-five per cent of H. pylori-positive persons had cag pathogenicity island positive bacteria. The gastric antrum had the highest prevalence of acute and chronic moderate-severe gastritis. H. pylori-positive persons were 16 and four times more likely to have moderate-severe acute gastritis and chronic gastritis (p < 0.01), respectively. An intact cag pathogenicity island positive was correlated with moderate-severe acute antral gastritis (53% vs. 31%, p = 0.0003). H. pylori-positive persons were more likely to have moderate-severe acute and chronic gastritis compared to H. pylori-negative persons. Gastritis and intestinal metaplasia were most frequently found in the gastric antrum. Intact cag pathogenicity island positive was correlated with acute antral gastritis and intestinal metaplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leisha Diane Nolen
- Arctic Investigations Program, DPEI/NCEZID, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Dana Bruden
- Arctic Investigations Program, DPEI/NCEZID, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Karen Miernyk
- Arctic Investigations Program, DPEI/NCEZID, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Brian J. McMahon
- Arctic Investigations Program, DPEI/NCEZID, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA
- Liver Disease and Hepatitis Program, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Frank Sacco
- Department of Surgery, The Alaska Native Medical Center, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Wayne Varner
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, The Alaska Native Medical Center, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Tom Mezzetti
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, The Alaska Native Medical Center, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Debby Hurlburt
- Arctic Investigations Program, DPEI/NCEZID, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - James Tiesinga
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, The Alaska Native Medical Center, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Michael G. Bruce
- Arctic Investigations Program, DPEI/NCEZID, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang J, Liu Y, Sun W, Zhang Q, Gu T, Li G. Plasma exosomes as novel biomarker for the early diagnosis of gastric cancer. Cancer Biomark 2018; 21:805-812. [PMID: 29400660 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are lipid bilayer vesicles of endocytic origin ranging from 30 to 100 nm in size, and contain various nucleic acid molecules such as DNA, mRNA, miRNA, lncRNA and multiple proteins, which could be transferred into target cells. Recent study indicated that exosomes as information carriers between cells has introduced us to a new previously unknown biological communication system. Increasing evidences show that exosomes play a crucial role in gastric cancer because they are potential to influence normal cellular physiology and promote various states of the cancer. In this review, we focus on the latest findings on exosomes in the plasma of gastric cancer patients, mainly summarizing the functions of miRNAs, lncRNAs and multiple proteins in diagnosis, prognosis, and in establishing treatment regimens against gastric cancer. Furtherly, potential functions of exosomes as novel diagnostic biomarkers for gastric cancer are discussed extensively. Exosomes are believed to be a non-invasive disease biomarker with a dual capability to provide insights into the early diagnosis for gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan First People's Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan First People's Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan First People's Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan First People's Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wangwei Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan First People's Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinghui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan First People's Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan First People's Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangxin Li
- Cancer Institute of Chongqing, Chongqing 400030, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Barboza KRM, Coco LZ, Alves GM, Peters B, Vasquez EC, Pereira TMC, Meyrelles SS, Campagnaro BP. Gastroprotective effect of oral kefir on indomethacin-induced acute gastric lesions in mice: Impact on oxidative stress. Life Sci 2018; 209:370-376. [PMID: 30120965 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study investigated the gastroprotective effects and the systemic oxidative status of oral kefir pretreatment in albino mice submitted to acute gastric ulcer induced by indomethacin. MAIN METHODS Male Swiss mice were divided into three groups (n = 7): Vehicle (0.3 mL of whole milk/100 g body weight, pH adjusted to 5.0), Kefir (0.3 mL of kefir/100 g body weight) and Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI, 30 mg/kg of lansoprazole), via gavage for 14 days. Animals were fasted for 16 h and treated orally with indomethacin (40 mg/kg). After 6 h the animals were euthanized, the blood samples were obtained and used for the determination of ROS production, oxidation of macromolecules and apoptosis. The stomachs were removed, opened by the greater curvature, and a macroscopic analysis of the gastric lesions was performed. KEY FINDINGS Our findings demonstrated that the symbiotic kefir significantly alleviated blood oxidative stress by reducing superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl/peroxynitrite radicals, thereby leading to reduced oxidative damage to macromolecules due to a decreased oxidative stress status in induced gastric lesions. These anti-oxidative properties might contribute favorably to the ulcer attenuation in the kefir group. SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, these findings support a significant role played by the antioxidant actions of kefir in counteracting the gastric damage induced by this cyclooxygenase inhibitor. It is also worthy to mention that, kefir also exerted the gastroprotective property partly by inhibiting oxidative systemic damage. Based on these considerations, it was implied that kefir might be a contributor for the ROS-scavenging effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Ribeiro Moura Barboza
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology and Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Vila Velha University (UVV), Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Larissa Zambom Coco
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology and Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Vila Velha University (UVV), Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Gisele Maziero Alves
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology and Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Vila Velha University (UVV), Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Peters
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology and Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Vila Velha University (UVV), Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Elisardo Corral Vasquez
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology and Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Vila Velha University (UVV), Vila Velha, ES, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Melo Costa Pereira
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology and Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Vila Velha University (UVV), Vila Velha, ES, Brazil; Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFES), Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Silvana Santos Meyrelles
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo (UFES), Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Bianca Prandi Campagnaro
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology and Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Vila Velha University (UVV), Vila Velha, ES, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chrysophyllum cainito (apple-star): a fruit with gastroprotective activity in experimental ulcer models. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 27:985-996. [PMID: 29222687 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0427-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The gastroprotective potential of the methanolic extracts from peels (MEPe), seeds (MESe) and pulp (MEPu) of Chrysophyllum cainito L. (Sapotaceae) fruits was evaluated in mice using ethanol/HCl- and indomethacin-induced ulcer, as well as the antiulcer effect of the juice and flour from this fruit. The lowest oral gastroprotective dose of MEPe, MESe and MEPu against ethanol/HCl was 3, 3 and 10 mg/kg, respectively. Moreover, all extracts increased mucin secretion at 176, 198 and 193%. Intraperitoneal administration of MEPe (0.3 mg/kg), MESe (0.3 mg/kg) and MEPu (1 mg/kg) also promoted gastroprotection against ethanol/HCl. In addition, MEPe (3 mg/kg, p.o), MESe (3 mg/kg, p.o) and MEPu (10 mg/kg, p.o) reduced indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in mice by 78, 70 and 50%, respectively. Regarding the mode of action, the gastroprotective effect of MEPe was decreased by the pre-administration of N-ethylmaleimide (NEM, a sulfhydryl group chelator, 10 mg/kg, i.p), glibenclamide (a potassium channel blocker, 10 mg/kg, i.p), yohimbine (10 mg/kg, i.p, an alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist, 10 mg/kg, i.p) and indomethacin (a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, 10 mg/kg, i.p). The gastroprotective effect of MESe was reduced by the pre-administration of NEM, glibenclamide, N-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, 70 mg/kg, i.p) and yohimbine, while MEPu had the gastroprotective effect decreased in animals pretreated with NEM and L-NAME. However, the extracts did not reduce gastric acid secretion. The supplementation with the flour from C. cainito fruit at 10% by 7 days, but not the juice intake, displayed gastroprotective potential, evidencing the fruit as a promising functional food. Together, the antiulcer effect of extracts of the C. cainito fruit in different experimental models was confirmed by the favoring of mucosal protective mechanisms among different, but complementary, modes of action. In parallel, the gastroprotective effects of the flour from C. cainito fruit were also described.
Collapse
|
22
|
Selgrad M, Malfertheiner P. Management of Helicobacter pylori Infection: What Should the Surgeon Know? Visc Med 2017; 33:216-219. [PMID: 28785571 DOI: 10.1159/000477977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with Helicobacter pylori continues to represent a major global health care burden, and various national and international consensus reports and guidelines have aimed at tracking recent developments for their translation into an optimized clinical management. The most important 'innovation' is the definition of H. pylori gastritis as an infectious disease. This does imply the consideration of therapy of this condition even before the development of clinical manifestations including non-malignant and malignant gastroduodenal diseases, such as peptic ulcer disease, gastric cancer, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Treatment of H. pylori is facing an increasing number of failures, with the main reason being an increasing antibiotic resistance to some of the previously most effective antibiotics, i.e. clarithromycin and levofloxacin, for H. pylori strains. Several new treatment options or modifications of already established regimens have been introduced to overcome bacterial resistance and treatment failure. In this review, we provide an update on the current recommendations for a successful management of H. pylori infection, and in this context a special reference is made to the role of visceral surgeons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Selgrad
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Malfertheiner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Beber AP, de Souza P, Boeing T, Somensi LB, Mariano LNB, Cury BJ, Burci LM, da Silva CB, Simionatto E, de Andrade SF, da Silva LM. Constituents of leaves from Bauhinia curvula Benth. exert gastroprotective activity in rodents: role of quercitrin and kaempferol. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 26:539-550. [PMID: 28176198 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0313-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The Bauhinia genus is known as "Pata-de-Vaca" and a wide variety of these species are used in Brazilian folk medicine due to their gastroprotective properties. This study aimed to investigate the antiulcer efficacy of the hydroalcoholic extract from B. curvula (HEBC) leaves, as well as its semi-purified fraction (SPFr) and the contribution of their phytochemicals constituents for this effect. For that, ethanol 60%/HCl 0.3 M- and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer were performed in rodents. Gastric ulcerated tissues were processed for histological, histochemical and biochemical analysis. The oral treatment with HEBC and SPFr decreased the gastric ulcer induced by ethanol/HCl in mice and by indomethacin (only HEBC) in rats. The gastroprotective effect of HEBC was abolished in mice pretreated with Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, N-Ethylmaleimide, glibenclamide or indomethacin. Both HEBC and SPFr reduced myeloperoxidase activity in parallel with a decrease of lipoperoxides content at the site of the lesion. On the other hand, HEBC did not alter volume, pH, total acidity or pepsin activity of acid gastric secretion in rats, and neither inhibited the in vitro H(+),K(+)-ATPase activity. Additionally, the compounds identified and isolated from the SPFr, the flavonoids quercitrin (65%) and kaempferol (35%), were able to diminish the extent of ulcerated area induced by both ethanol/HCl and indomethacin. Taking together, these findings show that B. curvula extracts present gastroprotective effect, mainly explained by the presence of flavonoids quercitrin and kaempferol, which may possibly improve the defensive factors of gastric mucosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Beber
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí-UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai, 458, 88302-901, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Priscila de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí-UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai, 458, 88302-901, Itajaí, SC, Brazil.
| | - Thaise Boeing
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí-UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai, 458, 88302-901, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Lincon Bordignon Somensi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí-UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai, 458, 88302-901, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Luísa Nathália Bolda Mariano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí-UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai, 458, 88302-901, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Benhur Judah Cury
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí-UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai, 458, 88302-901, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Ligia Moura Burci
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Euclésio Simionatto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Faloni de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí-UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai, 458, 88302-901, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Luísa Mota da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí-UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai, 458, 88302-901, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Javadi MB, Katzenmeier G. The Forgotten Virulence Factor: The 'non-conventional' Hemolysin TlyA And Its Role in Helicobacter pylori Infection. Curr Microbiol 2016; 73:930-937. [PMID: 27686341 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-016-1141-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a human-specific Gram-negative pathogenic bacterium which colonizes the gastric mucosal layer in the stomach causing diseases such as peptic ulcer, adenocarcinoma, and gastric lymphoma. It is estimated that approximately half of the world's population is infected with H. pylori making it the most intensively characterized microbial pathogen up to now. Hemolysis has been suggested to significantly contribute to colonization of the stomach and disease progression by H. pylori. In a number of earlier studies, TlyA was characterized as a putative pore-forming cytolysin. Although a few observations in the literature suggest a role for TlyA as significant virulence factor of H. pylori, the molecular and structural characterization of this protein is much curtailed at present. Given the intensive characterization of numerous H. pylori virulence factors over the past decade, surprisingly little information exists for the TlyA toxin and its significance for pathogenesis. This review provides a brief overview on microbial hemolysis and its role for pathogenesis and discusses recent research efforts aimed at an improved understanding of the role of the 'non-conventional' hemolysin and its associated RNA methyltransferase TlyA from H. pylori.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bagher Javadi
- Bacterial Toxin Research Cluster, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakornpathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Gerd Katzenmeier
- Bacterial Toxin Research Cluster, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakornpathom, 73170, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Junaid M, Linn AK, Javadi MB, Al-Gubare S, Ali N, Katzenmeier G. Vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) - A multi-talented pore-forming toxin from Helicobacter pylori. Toxicon 2016; 118:27-35. [PMID: 27105670 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is associated with severe and chronic diseases of the stomach and duodenum such as peptic ulcer, non-cardial adenocarcinoma and gastric lymphoma, making Helicobacter pylori the only bacterial pathogen which is known to cause cancer. The worldwide rate of incidence for these diseases is extremely high and it is estimated that about half of the world's population is infected with H. pylori. Among the bacterial virulence factors is the vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA), which represents an important determinant of pathogenicity. Intensive characterization of VacA over the past years has provided insight into an ample variety of mechanisms contributing to host-pathogen interactions. The toxin is considered as an important target for ongoing research for several reasons: i) VacA displays unique features and structural properties and its mechanism of action is unrelated to any other known bacterial toxin; ii) the toxin is involved in disease progress and colonization by H. pylori of the stomach; iii) VacA is a potential and promising candidate for the inclusion as antigen in a vaccine directed against H. pylori and iv) the vacA gene is characterized by a high allelic diversity, and allelic variants contribute differently to the pathogenicity of H. pylori. Despite the accumulation of substantial data related to VacA over the past years, several aspects of VacA-related activity have been characterized only to a limited extent. The biologically most significant effect of VacA activity on host cells is the formation of membrane pores and the induction of vacuole formation. This review discusses recent findings and advances on structure-function relations of the H. pylori VacA toxin, in particular with a view to membrane channel formation, oligomerization, receptor binding and apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Junaid
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 18550, Pakistan; Bacterial Toxin Research Cluster, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Aung Khine Linn
- Bacterial Toxin Research Cluster, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Mohammad Bagher Javadi
- Bacterial Toxin Research Cluster, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Sarbast Al-Gubare
- Bacterial Toxin Research Cluster, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Niaz Ali
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan.
| | - Gerd Katzenmeier
- Bacterial Toxin Research Cluster, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wise PH. Child Poverty and the Promise of Human Capacity: Childhood as a Foundation for Healthy Aging. Acad Pediatr 2016; 16:S37-45. [PMID: 27044700 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of child poverty and related early life experiences on adult health outcomes and patterns of aging has become a central focus of child health research and advocacy. In this article a critical review of this proliferating literature and its relevance to child health programs and policy are presented. This literature review focused on evidence of the influence of child poverty on the major contributors to adult morbidity and mortality in the United States, the mechanisms by which these associations operate, and the implications for reforming child health programs and policies. Strong and varied evidence base documents the effect of child poverty and related early life experiences and exposures on the major threats to adult health and healthy aging. Studies using a variety of methodologies, including longitudinal and cross-sectional strategies, have reported significant findings regarding cardiovascular disorders, obesity and diabetes, certain cancers, mental health conditions, osteoporosis and fractures, and possibly dementia. These relationships can operate through alterations in fetal and infant development, stress reactivity and inflammation, the development of adverse health behaviors, the conveyance of child chronic illness into adulthood, and inadequate access to effective interventions in childhood. Although the reviewed studies document meaningful relationships between child poverty and adult outcomes, they also reveal that poverty, experiences, and behaviors in adulthood make important contributions to adult health and aging. There is strong evidence that poverty in childhood contributes significantly to adult health. Changes in the content, financing, and advocacy of current child health programs will be required to address the childhood influences on adult health and disease. Policy reforms that reduce child poverty and mitigate its developmental effects must be integrated into broader initiatives and advocacy that also attend to the health and well-being of adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul H Wise
- March of Dimes Center for Prematurity Research, the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, and the Centers for Health Policy/Primary Care and Outcomes Research, Stanford University, Calif.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhao Z, Wang F, Fang C, Wang G, Shuang J, Chu G, Hu S, Chen L, Du J. A possible role of GDDR in the development of Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric cancer. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10303-15. [PMID: 26842925 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4862-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection plays an important part in the development of gastric carcinoma. GDDR has been confirmed as a tumor suppressor gene in gastric tumorigenesis. However, the underlying mechanism of GDDR in H. pylori-induced carcinogenesis is not well known. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinicopathological significance and possible molecular mechanism of GDDR in gastric cancer associated with H. pylori. Western blot, real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression level of GDDR with or without H. pylori infection. The function and possible related molecular mechanisms of GDDR were further explored in vitro and in vivo. The variability of GDDR expression appeared in the early stage of gastric carcinogenesis with positive H. pylori infection status. GDDR might inhibit the progression of normal gastric epithelial cells to cancer cells by suppressing NF-kappaB signaling pathway, which in turn could be regulated by H. pylori infection. Our results suggested, for the first time, that the gradual change in GDDR expression might not only be directly related to H. pylori infection but also be an early molecular event in the development of gastric carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China
| | - Cheng Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China
| | - Jianbo Shuang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China
| | - Guanghui Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China
| | - Sijun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China
| | - Jianjun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Shimoda A, Ueda K, Nishiumi S, Murata-Kamiya N, Mukai SA, Sawada SI, Azuma T, Hatakeyama M, Akiyoshi K. Exosomes as nanocarriers for systemic delivery of the Helicobacter pylori virulence factor CagA. Sci Rep 2016. [PMID: 26739388 DOI: 10.10.38/srep18346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CagA, encoded by cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA), is a major virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori, a gastric pathogen involved in the development of upper gastrointestinal diseases. Infection with cagA-positive H. pylori may also be associated with diseases outside the stomach, although the mechanisms through which H. pylori infection promotes extragastric diseases remain unknown. Here, we report that CagA is present in serum-derived extracellular vesicles, known as exosomes, in patients infected with cagA-positive H. pylori (n = 4). We also found that gastric epithelial cells inducibly expressing CagA secrete exosomes containing CagA. Addition of purified CagA-containing exosomes to gastric epithelial cells induced an elongated cell shape, indicating that the exosomes deliver functional CagA into cells. These findings indicated that exosomes secreted from CagA-expressing gastric epithelial cells may enter into circulation, delivering CagA to distant organs and tissues. Thus, CagA-containing exosomes may be involved in the development of extragastric disorders associated with cagA-positive H. pylori infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asako Shimoda
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), The Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Bio-nanotransporter Project, Katsura Int'tech Center, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
| | - Koji Ueda
- Division of Biosciences, Functional Proteomics Center, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, CREST hall 1F, Institute of Medical Science, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Shin Nishiumi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chu-o-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Naoko Murata-Kamiya
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sada-Atsu Mukai
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), The Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Bio-nanotransporter Project, Katsura Int'tech Center, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Sawada
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), The Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Bio-nanotransporter Project, Katsura Int'tech Center, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
| | - Takeshi Azuma
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chu-o-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Masanori Hatakeyama
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), The Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Bio-nanotransporter Project, Katsura Int'tech Center, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Shimoda A, Ueda K, Nishiumi S, Murata-Kamiya N, Mukai SA, Sawada SI, Azuma T, Hatakeyama M, Akiyoshi K. Exosomes as nanocarriers for systemic delivery of the Helicobacter pylori virulence factor CagA. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18346. [PMID: 26739388 PMCID: PMC4703974 DOI: 10.1038/srep18346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CagA, encoded by cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA), is a major virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori, a gastric pathogen involved in the development of upper gastrointestinal diseases. Infection with cagA-positive H. pylori may also be associated with diseases outside the stomach, although the mechanisms through which H. pylori infection promotes extragastric diseases remain unknown. Here, we report that CagA is present in serum-derived extracellular vesicles, known as exosomes, in patients infected with cagA-positive H. pylori (n = 4). We also found that gastric epithelial cells inducibly expressing CagA secrete exosomes containing CagA. Addition of purified CagA-containing exosomes to gastric epithelial cells induced an elongated cell shape, indicating that the exosomes deliver functional CagA into cells. These findings indicated that exosomes secreted from CagA-expressing gastric epithelial cells may enter into circulation, delivering CagA to distant organs and tissues. Thus, CagA-containing exosomes may be involved in the development of extragastric disorders associated with cagA-positive H. pylori infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asako Shimoda
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), The Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Bio-nanotransporter Project, Katsura Int'tech Center, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
| | - Koji Ueda
- Division of Biosciences, Functional Proteomics Center, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, CREST hall 1F, Institute of Medical Science, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Shin Nishiumi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chu-o-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Naoko Murata-Kamiya
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sada-Atsu Mukai
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), The Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Bio-nanotransporter Project, Katsura Int'tech Center, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Sawada
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), The Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Bio-nanotransporter Project, Katsura Int'tech Center, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
| | - Takeshi Azuma
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chu-o-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Masanori Hatakeyama
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), The Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Bio-nanotransporter Project, Katsura Int'tech Center, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hudler P. Challenges of deciphering gastric cancer heterogeneity. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:10510-10527. [PMID: 26457012 PMCID: PMC4588074 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i37.10510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is in decline in most developed countries; however, it still accounts for a notable fraction of global mortality and morbidity related to cancer. High-throughput methods are rapidly changing our view and understanding of the molecular basis of gastric carcinogenesis. Today, it is widely accepted that the molecular complexity and heterogeneity, both inter- and intra-tumour, of gastric adenocarcinomas present significant obstacles in elucidating specific biomarkers for early detection of the disease. Although genome-wide sequencing and gene expression studies have revealed the intricate nature of the molecular changes that occur in tumour landscapes, the collected data and results are complex and sometimes contradictory. Several aberrant molecules have already been tested in clinical trials, although their diagnostic and prognostic utilities have not been confirmed thus far. The gold standard for the detection of sporadic gastric cancer is still the gastric endoscopy, which is considered invasive. In addition, genome-wide association studies have confirmed that genetic variations are important contributors to increased cancer risk and could participate in the initiation of malignant transformation. This hypothesis could in part explain the late onset of sporadic gastric cancers. The elaborate interplay of polymorphic low penetrance genes and lifestyle and environmental risk factors requires additional research to decipher their relative impacts on tumorigenesis. The purpose of this article is to present details of the molecular heterogeneity of sporadic gastric cancers at the DNA, RNA, and proteome levels and to discuss issues relevant to the translation of basic research data to clinically valuable tools. The focus of this work is the identification of relevant molecular changes that could be detected non-invasively.
Collapse
|
31
|
Yari F, Abiri R, Aryan E, Ahmadi Jouybari T, Navabi J, Alvandi A. Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification as a Fast Noninvasive Method of Helicobacter pylori Diagnosis. J Clin Lab Anal 2015; 30:464-70. [PMID: 26351213 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori infection is etiologically associated with some important health problems such as gastric cancer. Because of the high clinical importance of H. pylori infection, development of a noninvasive test for the detection of H. pylori is desirable. METHODS In this study, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) targeted ureC of H. pylori was evaluated on 100 stool specimens and compared with a stool antigen test. Culture and rapid urease test were considered as gold standards. RESULTS The overall detection rate of the fecal antigen test and LAMP was 58% and 82%, respectively. The analytical sensitivity of the fecal antigen test and LAMP was 500 and 10 H. pylori cells/g and 10 fg DNA/reaction, which is equal to six H. pylori genome. CONCLUSION LAMP technique has been characterized by high sensitivity and low detection limit for the detection of H. pylori in stool specimen. Clinical diagnostic performance of LAMP was better than the stool antigen test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Yari
- Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch, Qom, Iran
| | - Ramin Abiri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ehsan Aryan
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center & Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Touraj Ahmadi Jouybari
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital and Department of Internal Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Jafar Navabi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital and Department of Internal Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amirhooshang Alvandi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Current Status on Stem Cells and Cancers of the Gastric Epithelium. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:19153-69. [PMID: 26287172 PMCID: PMC4581291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160819153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is still a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide in spite of declining incidence. Gastric cancers are, essentially, adenocarcinomas and one of the strongest risk factors is still infection with Helicobacter pylori. Within the last years, it became clear that gastric self-renewal and carcinogenesis are intimately linked, particularly during chronic inflammatory conditions. Generally, gastric cancer is now regarded as a disease resulting from dysregulated differentiation of stem and progenitor cells, mainly due to an inflammatory environment. However, the situation in the stomach is rather complex, consisting of two types of gastric units which show bidirectional self-renewal from an unexpectedly large variety of progenitor/stem cell populations. As in many other tumors, cancer stem cells have also been characterized for gastric cancer. This review focuses on the various gastric epithelial stem cells, how they contribute to self-renewal and which routes are known to gastric adenocarcinomas, including their stem cells.
Collapse
|
33
|
Association between EGF +61 A>G polymorphism and gastric cancer risk: A meta-analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 35:327-332. [PMID: 26072068 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-015-1432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies suggested an association between the EGF +61 A>G polymorphism and susceptibility to gastric cancer, but the results have been inconsistent. To draw a more precise risk estimation of the association, we performed a meta-analysis of published studies. PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar and the Chinese Wanfang databases were systematically searched to identify relevant studies. There were 7 studies involving 1992 cases of gastric cancer and 3202 controls in this meta-analysis. Our study showed that, overall, the EGF +61 A>G polymorphism was significantly associated with the increased risk of gastric cancer in allele model (G vs. A: OR=1.18, 95% CI=1.00-1.39), dominant model (GG + GA vs. AA: OR=1.28, 95% CI=1.05-1.55), homozygous model (GG vs. AA: OR=1.31, 95% CI=1.06-1.63) and heterozygous model (GA vs. AA: OR=1.25, 95% CI=1.01-1.53). The stratified analysis by ethnicity revealed a significant association between EGF +61 A>G polymorphism and gastric cancer risks in Asians. This meta-analysis indicates that EGF +61 A>G polymorphism may increase the risk of gastric cancer, especially in Asians. Large-sized, well-designed studies involving different ethnic groups should be conducted to confirm this association.
Collapse
|
34
|
Bornschein J, Leja M. The global challenge of a healthy stomach. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2014; 28:949-51. [PMID: 25439062 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bornschein
- Dept. of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Marcis Leja
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga East University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Helicobacter pylori: the balance between a role as colonizer and pathogen. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2014; 28:1017-29. [PMID: 25439068 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The isolation of Helicobacter pylori from the human stomach produced significant changes in how gastroenterologists, immunologists, epidemiologists, pathologists and microbiologists have approached gastro-duodenal diseases in the last half of the XX century. However, research of this organism has progressed greatly in the first decade of this century, evidence suggest that H. pylori is associated with disease only in humans older than 40 years, while, the lack of H. pylori colonization is associated with the emergence of new diseases, particularly in younger individuals. These differing effects of H. pylori colonization have created two contrasting concepts: the 'bad' and the 'good' Helicobacter. Following from renewed interest in the normal human microbiome, we need to reconsider our definitions and perhaps recognize that H. pylori might be a normal member of the human gastric microbiome in ancient humans that gradually, as results of the improvement in our environment, is disappearing.
Collapse
|
36
|
Feng B, Fan Y, Wang W, Yao G, Zhai J. IL-17A G197A and C1249T polymorphisms in gastric carcinogenesis. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:9977-85. [PMID: 25008567 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2288-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 17A (IL-17A) is a critical cytokine involved in inflammatory diseases and inflammation-associated cancers. Increasing case-control studies have implicated crucial roles of IL-17A single nucleotide polymorphisms (G197A and C1249T) in gastric carcinogenesis, but providing inconclusive findings. The present study is aimed to estimate the association of IL-17A G197A and C1249T polymorphisms with gastric cancer risk by pooling all available publications. A comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang databases was performed for eligible publications from their inception up to May 5, 2014. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the effect of IL-17A polymorphisms on gastric carcinogenesis. Stratified analysis by ethnicity, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, and smoking status were also conducted. All analyses were performed by using the Stata 12.0 software. There were five case-control studies with 2,774 cases and 3,162 controls and two case-control studies with 620 cases and 1,123 controls on the susceptibility of IL-17A G197A and C1249T polymorphisms to gastric cancer, respectively. Significant association was observed between IL-17A G197A polymorphism and gastric cancer risk, particularly among Asians. The status of H. pylori infection and smoking did not influence this association. In addition, the IL-17A C1249T polymorphism did not confer a risk effect on gastric carcinogenesis. The pooled results were not materially altered by sensitivity analysis. We firstly show that the polymorphism of IL-17A G197A but not C1249T is a risk factor for gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Feng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Science and Technology University, Luoyang, 471000, Henan Province, China,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|