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Willis NB, Muñoz CX, Mysonhimer AR, Edwards CG, Wolf PG, Hillman CH, Burd NA, Holscher HD, Khan NA. Hydration Biomarkers Are Related to the Differential Abundance of Fecal Microbiota and Plasma Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein in Adults. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2021; 77 Suppl 4:37-45. [PMID: 35226903 DOI: 10.1159/000520478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prevalence of chronic hypohydration remains elevated among adults in the USA; however, the health effects of hypohydration in regards to human gut health have not been explored. METHODS This study examined the relationship between total water intake, hydration biomarkers (first-morning urine specific gravity [FMUsg], first-morning urine volume [FMUvol], and plasma copeptin), fecal microbiota, and plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) in adults (25-45 years, 64% female). Fecal microbiota composition was assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing (V4 region). Immunoassays quantified plasma copeptin and LBP in fasted venous blood samples. Dietary variables were measured using 7-day food records. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analyzed differentially abundant microbiota based on median cutoffs for hydration markers. Multiple linear regressions examined the relationship between LBP and copeptin. RESULTS LEfSe identified 6 common taxa at the genus or species level that were differentially abundant in FMUsg, total water (g/day), or plasma copeptin (µg/mL) groups when split by their median values. Uncultured species in the Bacteroides, Desulfovibrio, Roseburia, Peptococcus, and Akkermansia genera were more abundant in groups that might indicate poorer hydration status. Multivariate linear analyses revealed a positive relationship between plasma copeptin and LBP when controlling confounding variables (F(6,52) = 4.45, p = 0.002, R2 = 0.34). CONCLUSIONS Taxa common between markers are associated with the intestinal mucus layer, which suggests a potential link between hydration status and intestinal mucus homeostasis. The relationship between LBP and copeptin indicates that copeptin may be sensitive to metabolic endotoxemia and potentially gut barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel B Willis
- Division of Nutritional Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA,
| | - Colleen X Muñoz
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Hartford, West Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Annemarie R Mysonhimer
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Caitlyn G Edwards
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patricia G Wolf
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Charles H Hillman
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, & Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas A Burd
- Division of Nutritional Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA.,Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Hannah D Holscher
- Division of Nutritional Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA.,Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Naiman A Khan
- Division of Nutritional Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA.,Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
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Harris PR, Keen DA, Constantopoulos E, Weninger SN, Hines E, Koppinger MP, Khalpey ZI, Konhilas JP. Fluid type influences acute hydration and muscle performance recovery in human subjects. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2019; 16:15. [PMID: 30947727 PMCID: PMC6449982 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-019-0282-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exercise and heat trigger dehydration and an increase in extracellular fluid osmolality, leading to deficits in exercise performance and thermoregulation. Evidence from previous studies supports the potential for deep-ocean mineral water to improve recovery of exercise performance post-exercise. We therefore wished to determine whether acute rehydration and muscle strength recovery was enhanced by deep-ocean mineral water following a dehydrating exercise, compared to a sports drink or mountain spring water. We hypothesized that muscle strength would decrease as a result of dehydrating exercise, and that recovery of muscle strength and hydration would depend on the type of rehydrating fluid. Methods Using a counterbalanced, crossover study design, female (n = 8) and male (n = 9) participants performed a dehydrating exercise protocol under heat stress until achieving 3% body mass loss. Participants rehydrated with either deep-ocean mineral water (Deep), mountain spring water (Spring), or a carbohydrate-based sports drink (Sports) at a volume equal to the volume of fluid loss. We measured relative hydration using salivary osmolality (Sosm) and muscle strength using peak torque from a leg extension maneuver. Results Sosm significantly increased (p < 0.0001) with loss of body mass during the dehydrating exercise protocol. Males took less time (90.0 ± 18.3 min; P < 0.0034) to reach 3% body mass loss when compared to females (127.1 ± 20.0 min). We used a mono-exponential model to fit the return of Sosm to baseline values during the rehydrating phase. Whether fitting stimulated or unstimulated Sosm, male and female participants receiving Deep as the hydrating fluid exhibited the most rapid return to baseline Sosm (p < 0.0001) regardless of the fit parameter. Males compared to females generated more peak torque (p = 0.0005) at baseline (308.3 ± 56.7 Nm vs 172.8 ± 40.8 Nm, respectively) and immediately following 3% body mass loss (276.3 ± 39.5 Nm vs 153.5 ± 35.9 Nm). Participants experienced a loss. We also identified a significant effect of rehydrating fluid and sex on post-rehydration peak torque (p < 0.0117). Conclusion We conclude that deep-ocean mineral water positively affected hydration recovery after dehydrating exercise, and that it may also be beneficial for muscle strength recovery, although this, as well as the influence of sex, needs to be further examined by future research. Trial registration clincialtrials.gov PRS, NCT02486224. Registered 08 June 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preston R Harris
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Douglas A Keen
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Eleni Constantopoulos
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | | | - Eric Hines
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Matthew P Koppinger
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Zain I Khalpey
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - John P Konhilas
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA. .,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
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Keen DA, Constantopoulos E, Konhilas JP. The impact of post-exercise hydration with deep-ocean mineral water on rehydration and exercise performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2016; 13:17. [PMID: 27087798 PMCID: PMC4833963 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-016-0129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dehydration caused by prolonged exercise impairs thermoregulation, endurance and exercise performance. Evidence from animal and human studies validates the potential of desalinated deep-ocean mineral water to positively impact physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Here, we hypothesize that deep-ocean mineral water drawn from a depth of 915 m off the Kona, HI coast enhances recovery of hydration and exercise performance following a dehydrating exercise protocol compared to mountain spring water and a carbohydrate-based sports drink. Findings Subjects (n = 8) were exposed to an exercise-dehydration protocol (stationary biking) under warm conditions (30 °C) to achieve a body mass loss of 3 % (93.4 ± 21.7 total exercise time). During the post-exercise recovery period, subjects received deep-ocean mineral water (Kona), mountain spring water (Spring) or a carbohydrate-based sports drink (Sports) at a volume (in L) equivalent to body mass loss (in Kg). Salivary samples were collected at regular intervals during exercise and post-exercise rehydration. Additionally, each participant performed peak torque knee extension as a measure of lower body muscle performance. Subjects who received Kona during the rehydrating period showed a significantly more rapid return to pre-exercise (baseline) hydration state, measured as the rate of decline in peak to baseline salivary osmolality, compared to Sports and Spring groups. In addition, subjects demonstrated significantly improved recovery of lower body muscle performance following rehydration with Kona versus Sports or Spring groups. Conclusions Deep-ocean mineral water shows promise as an optimal rehydrating source over spring water and/or sports drink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A Keen
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ 85724 USA
| | - Eleni Constantopoulos
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ 85724 USA ; Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ 85724 USA
| | - John P Konhilas
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ 85724 USA ; Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ 85724 USA
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