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Moretti de Lima A, Rodrigues MM, Santiago Reis CM. Cutaneous Cryptococcosis Mimicking Leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018; 98:3-4. [PMID: 29342402 PMCID: PMC5928695 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Moretti de Lima
- Department of Dermatology, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Milena Marchini Rodrigues
- Resident of the Dermatology Service, Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto State School of Medicine (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
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Alves JCO, Ferreira GF, Santos JR, Silva LCN, Rodrigues JFS, Neto WRN, Farah EI, Santos ÁRC, Mendes BS, Sousa LVNF, Monteiro AS, Dos Santos VL, Santos DA, Perez AC, Romero TRL, Denadai ÂML, Guzzo LS. Eugenol Induces Phenotypic Alterations and Increases the Oxidative Burst in Cryptococcus. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2419. [PMID: 29270159 PMCID: PMC5726113 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eugenol is a phenolic compound and the main constituent of the essential oil of clove India. Although there are reports of some pharmacological effects of eugenol, this study is the first that proposes to evaluate the antifungal effects of this phenol against both Cryptococcus gattii and C. neoformans cells. The effect of eugenol against yeast cells was analyzed for drug susceptibility, alterations in cell diameter, capsule properties, amounts of ergosterol, oxidative burst, and thermodynamics data. Data demonstrated that there is no interaction between eugenol and fluconazole and amphotericin B. Eugenol reduced the cell diameter and the capsule size, increased cell surface/volume, changed positively the cell surface charge of cryptococcal cells. We also verified increased levels of reactive oxygen species without activation of antioxidant enzymes, leading to increased lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial membrane depolarization and reduction of lysosomal integrity in cryptococcal cells. Additionally, the results showed that there is no significant molecular interaction between eugenol and C. neoformans. Morphological alterations, changes of cellular superficial charges and oxidative stress play an important role in antifungal activity of eugenol against C. gattii and C. neoformans that could be used as an auxiliary treatment to cutaneous cryptococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júnia C O Alves
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Vale do Rio Doce, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | - Gabriella F Ferreira
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - Campus Governador Valadares, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | | | - Luís C N Silva
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís, Brazil
| | | | - Wallace R N Neto
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís, Brazil
| | | | - Áquila R C Santos
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - Campus Governador Valadares, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | - Brenda S Mendes
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Vale do Rio Doce, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | - Lourimar V N F Sousa
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Vale do Rio Doce, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | | | - Vera L Dos Santos
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniel A Santos
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Andrea C Perez
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thiago R L Romero
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ângelo M L Denadai
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - Campus Governador Valadares, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | - Luciana S Guzzo
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - Campus Governador Valadares, Governador Valadares, Brazil
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Disseminated cryptococcosis in a patient taking tocilizumab for Castleman's disease. J Infect Chemother 2017; 24:138-141. [PMID: 29021093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Infections occur more frequently in patients receiving biologics. However, cryptococcal infection is uncommon in patients receiving tocilizumab, an interleukin-6 inhibitor, in contrast to patients receiving tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors. In this report, we describe a case of disseminated cryptococcosis in a 55-year-old man who was receiving tocilizumab every 2 weeks along with daily prednisolone and cyclosporine for Castleman's disease. He initially developed cellulitis on both upper limbs, and his condition worsened despite antibacterial therapy. Chest X-ray scanning and computed tomography demonstrated bilateral pulmonary infiltration. Cryptococcus neoformans was detected in blood, skin, and sputum cultures. He was diagnosed with disseminated cryptococcosis, and successfully treated with liposomal amphotericin B for a week followed by oral fluconazole for 11 months. The findings of this study indicate that cryptococcosis should be considered during the differential diagnosis of infection in patients receiving tocilizumab, especially in the presence of other risk factors for infections or a short tocilizumab dosing interval.
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