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Zhu L, Yuan Q, Jing C, Sun L, Jiang L. Angiogenic responses are enhanced by recombinant human erythropoietin in a model of periventricular white matter damage of neonatal rats through EPOR-ERK1 signaling. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2024; 83:161-167. [PMID: 38263262 PMCID: PMC10880070 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Recombinant human erythropoietin (rh-EPO) has been shown to stimulate neurogenesis and angiogenesis, both of which play crucial roles in the repair of brain injuries. Previously, we observed that rh-EPO treatment effectively reduced brain damage and enhanced angiogenesis in a neonatal rat model of periventricular white matter damage (PWMD). The objective of this research is to investigate the specific mechanism through which rh-EPO regulates angiogenesis following PWMD in premature neonates. We conducted experiments utilizing a neonatal PWMD model. Following rh-EPO treatment, the levels of erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) were found to be increased in the damaged brain of rats. Although the total amount of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), a downstream protein in the EPO signaling pathway, remained unchanged, there was clear upregulation of phosphorylated ERK1 (p-ERK1) levels. The increase in levels of p-ERK1 was inhibited by an ERK kinase inhibitor, while the total amount of ERK remained unchanged. Conversely, the levels of EPOR were not affected by the inhibitor. Notably, the introduction of rh-EPO led to a significant increase in the frequency of angiogenesis-related cells and the expression levels of angiogenic factors. However, these effects were nullified when the ERK pathway was blocked. These findings indicate that rh-EPO enhances angiogenic responses through the EPOR-ERK1 pathway in a neonatal PWMD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zhu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Qichao Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics, Danyang People’s Hospital Affiliate of Nantong University, Danyang 212300, China
| | - Chunping Jing
- Department of Pediatrics, Danyang People’s Hospital Affiliate of Nantong University, Danyang 212300, China
| | - Lingxian Sun
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Du L, Chen L, Liu F, Wang W, Huang H. Nose-to-brain drug delivery for the treatment of CNS disease: New development and strategies. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 171:255-297. [PMID: 37783558 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Delivering drugs to the brain has always been a challenging task due to the restrictive properties of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Intranasal delivery is therefore emerging as an efficient method of administration, making it easy to self-administration and thus provides a non-invasive and painless alternative to oral and parenteral administration for delivering therapeutics to the central nervous system (CNS). Recently, drug formulations have been developed to further enhance this nose-to-brain transport, primarily using nanoparticles (NPs). Therefore, the purposes of this review are to highlight and describe the anatomical basis of nasal-brain pathway and provide an overview of drug formulations and current drugs for intranasal administration in CNS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Du
- Biotherapeutic Research Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Jilin City Central Hospital, Jilin, China
| | - Wenya Wang
- Biotherapeutic Research Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China,.
| | - Hongyun Huang
- Institute of Neurorestoratology, Third Medical Center of General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, P.R. China; Beijing Hongtianji Neuroscience Academy, Beijing, P.R. China.
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Klepper S, Jung S, Dittmann L, Geppert CI, Hartmann A, Beier N, Trollmann R. Further Evidence of Neuroprotective Effects of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin and Growth Hormone in Hypoxic Brain Injury in Neonatal Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158693. [PMID: 35955834 PMCID: PMC9368903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental in vivo data have recently shown complementary neuroprotective actions of rhEPO and growth hormone (rhGH) in a neonatal murine model of hypoxic brain injury. Here, we hypothesized that rhGH and rhEPO mediate stabilization of the blood−brain barrier (BBB) and regenerative vascular effects in hypoxic injury to the developing brain. Using an established model of neonatal hypoxia, neonatal mice (P7) were treated i.p. with rhGH (4000 µg/kg) or rhEPO (5000 IU/kg) 0/12/24 h after hypoxic exposure. After a regeneration period of 48 h or 7 d, cerebral mRNA expression of Vegf-A, its receptors and co-receptors, and selected tight junction proteins were determined using qRT-PCR and ELISA. Vessel structures were assessed by Pecam-1 and occludin (Ocln) IHC. While Vegf-A expression increased significantly with rhGH treatment (p < 0.01), expression of the Vegfr and TEK receptor tyrosine kinase (Tie-2) system remained unchanged. RhEPO increased Vegf-A (p < 0.05) and Angpt-2 (p < 0.05) expression. While hypoxia reduced the mean vessel area in the parietal cortex compared to controls (p < 0.05), rhGH and rhEPO prevented this reduction after 48 h of regeneration. Hypoxia significantly reduced the Ocln+ fraction of cortical vascular endothelial cells. Ocln signal intensity increased in the cortex in response to rhGH (p < 0.05) and in the cortex and hippocampus in response to rhEPO (p < 0.05). Our data indicate that rhGH and rhEPO have protective effects on hypoxia-induced BBB disruption and regenerative vascular effects during the post-hypoxic period in the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Klepper
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestr. 15, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susan Jung
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestr. 15, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lara Dittmann
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestr. 15, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carol I. Geppert
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 8, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arnd Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 8, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicole Beier
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestr. 15, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Regina Trollmann
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestr. 15, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-8533753; Fax: +49-9131-8533389
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Gong Q, Zeng J, Zhang X, Huang Y, Chen C, Quan J, Ling J. Effect of erythropoietin on angiogenic potential of dental pulp cells. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1079. [PMID: 34447472 PMCID: PMC8355638 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a 34-kDa glycoprotein that possesses the potential for angiogenesis, as well as anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. The present study aimed to examine the effect of EPO on the angiogenesis of dental pulp cells (DPCs) and to explore the underlying mechanisms of these effects. It was demonstrated that EPO not only promoted DPCs proliferation but also induced angiogenesis of DPCs in a paracrine fashion. EPO enhanced the angiogenic capacity by stimulating DPCs to secrete a series of angiogenic cytokines. ELISA confirmed that high concentrations of EPO increased the production of MMP-3 and angiopoietin-1 but decreased the secretion of IL-6. Furthermore, EPO activated the ERK1/2 and p38 signaling pathways in DPCs, while inhibition of these pathways diminished the angiogenesis capacity of DPCs. The present study suggested that EPO may have an important role in the repair and regeneration of dental pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimei Gong
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Junyu Zeng
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Xufang Zhang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Yihua Huang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Chanchan Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518038, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Quan
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Junqi Ling
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
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Wierońska JM, Cieślik P, Kalinowski L. Nitric Oxide-Dependent Pathways as Critical Factors in the Consequences and Recovery after Brain Ischemic Hypoxia. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081097. [PMID: 34439764 PMCID: PMC8392725 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain ischemia is one of the leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide. Nitric oxide (NO•), a molecule that is involved in the regulation of proper blood flow, vasodilation, neuronal and glial activity constitutes the crucial factor that contributes to the development of pathological changes after stroke. One of the early consequences of a sudden interruption in the cerebral blood flow is the massive production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) in neurons due to NO• synthase uncoupling, which leads to neurotoxicity. Progression of apoptotic or necrotic neuronal damage activates reactive astrocytes and attracts microglia or lymphocytes to migrate to place of inflammation. Those inflammatory cells start to produce large amounts of inflammatory proteins, including pathological, inducible form of NOS (iNOS), which generates nitrosative stress that further contributes to brain tissue damage, forming vicious circle of detrimental processes in the late stage of ischemia. S-nitrosylation, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and HIF-1α-dependent genes activated in reactive astrocytes play essential roles in this process. The review summarizes the roles of NO•-dependent pathways in the early and late aftermath of stroke and treatments based on the stimulation or inhibition of particular NO• synthases and the stabilization of HIF-1α activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Wierońska
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (J.M.W.); (P.C.)
| | - Paulina Cieślik
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (J.M.W.); (P.C.)
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics—Biobank Fahrenheit BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki Street 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.PL), Debinki Street 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- BioTechMed Center/Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-223 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-58-349-1182
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Erythropoietin Stimulates GABAergic Maturation in the Mouse Hippocampus. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0006-21.2021. [PMID: 33495244 PMCID: PMC7890522 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0006-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several neurodevelopmental disabilities are strongly associated with alterations in GABAergic transmission, and therapies to stimulate its normal development are lacking. Erythropoietin (EPO) is clinically used in neonatology to mitigate acute brain injury, and to stimulate neuronal maturation. Yet it remains unclear whether EPO can stimulate maturation of the GABAergic system. Here, with the use of a transgenic mouse line that constitutively overexpresses neuronal EPO (Tg21), we show that EPO stimulates postnatal GABAergic maturation in the hippocampus. We show an increase in hippocampal GABA-immunoreactive neurons, and postnatal elevation of interneurons expressing parvalbumin (PV), somatostatin (SST), and neuropeptide Y (NPY). Analysis of perineuronal net (PNN) formation and innervation of glutamatergic terminals onto PV+ cells, shows to be enhanced early in postnatal development. Additionally, an increase in GABAAergic synapse density and IPSCs in CA1 pyramidal cells from Tg21 mice is observed. Detection of EPO receptor (EPOR) mRNA was observed to be restricted to glutamatergic pyramidal cells and increased in Tg21 mice at postnatal day (P)7, along with reduced apoptosis. Our findings show that EPO can stimulate postnatal GABAergic maturation in the hippocampus, by increasing neuronal survival, modulating critical plasticity periods, and increasing synaptic transmission. Our data supports EPO’s clinical use to balance GABAergic dysfunction.
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Kolesnichenko PD, Scheblykina OV, Nesterova NI, Scheblykin DV, Nesterov AV, Pokrovskiy MV, Zhuchenko MA, Tverskoy AV, Reznikov KM. ADDITIVE NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF 3-HYDROXYPYRIDINE DERIVATIVES AND HUMAN ERYTHROPOETIN ANALOGUE ON A HEMORRHAGIC STROKE MODEL IN RATS. PHARMACY & PHARMACOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.19163/2307-9266-2020-8-3-169-180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The correction of free radical oxidation processes is one of the most promising strategies of neuroprotection in acute cerebrovascular disorders.The aim of the study is an experimental study of the neuroprotective effects of 3-hydroxypyridine and erythropoietin derivatives, as well as their combined use.Materials and methods. The study was performed on 109 male Wistar rats. The neuroprotective effect of the substances was studied on a hemorrhagic stroke model. The study drugs were administered to the animals intraperitoneally. Carbamylated darbepoetin was administered three times in advance at the dose of 100 µg/kg within intervals of 3 days, the last injection took place 1 hour before the operation (the total dose was 300 mg/kg). Etoxidol was administered once 1 hour before the surgery at the dose of 50 mg/kg. The survival rate, behavioral features and the state of the animals on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days were recorded, and the morphological assessment of the brain was carried out.Results. The investigated substances had a positive effect on both the survival rate of the animals during the first day and on the 14th day. The best survival rates on the 14th day were recorded in the group of a combined use of ethoxydol and carbamylated darbepoetin (75%). Thus, in this group of rats, a faster recovery of neurological disorders was already distinguished from the first day on. By the 7th day, more than 50% of the rats receiving the combination of the studied drugs, had had a slight neurological deficit (up to 3 points on the McGrow scale); by the 14th day there had been only minor changes in the neurological status in the rats of this group. A pronounced neuroprotective effect of the combination of 3-hydroxypyridine and erythropoietin derivatives has been confirmed by a histological examination of brain slices – a more rapid decrease in the size of perifocal edema and microcirculation disorders, less damage to neurons and glial elements, and faster processes of resorption and organization of hemorrhage. A macroscopic examination of the brain sections stained with triphenyltetrazolium chloride of the dying rats, showed that perifocal necrosis had been the main cause of high mortality in the control group after the 3rd day.Conclusion. As a result of the experiment, the nephroprotective effect of the studied derivatives of 3-hydroxypyridine and erythropoietin has been proved. Moreover, the combination of these drugs has shown a greater neuroprotective activity than their isolated use. The additive effect of these drugs was due to their action mechanism resulting from the synergism of various structures and components of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - N. I. Nesterova
- Belgorod State National Research University;
Belgorod Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination
| | | | | | | | | | | | - K. M. Reznikov
- Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko
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DISDIER C, STONESTREET BS. Hypoxic-ischemic-related cerebrovascular changes and potential therapeutic strategies in the neonatal brain. J Neurosci Res 2020; 98:1468-1484. [PMID: 32060970 PMCID: PMC7242133 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI)-related brain injury is an important cause of morbidity and long-standing disability in newborns. The only currently approved therapeutic strategy available to reduce brain injury in the newborn is hypothermia. Therapeutic hypothermia can only be used to treat HI encephalopathy in full-term infants and survivors remain at high risk for a wide spectrum of neurodevelopmental abnormalities as a result of residual brain injury. Therefore, there is an urgent need for adjunctive therapeutic strategies. Inflammation and neurovascular damage are important factors that contribute to the pathophysiology of HI-related brain injury and represent exciting potential targets for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we address the role of each component of the neurovascular unit (NVU) in the pathophysiology of HI-related injury in the neonatal brain. Disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) observed in the early hours after an HI-related event is associated with a response at the basal lamina level, which comprises astrocytes, pericytes, and immune cells, all of which could affect BBB function to further exacerbate parenchymal injury. Future research is required to determine potential drugs that could prevent or attenuate neurovascular damage and/or augment repair. However, some studies have reported beneficial effects of hypothermia, erythropoietin, stem cell therapy, anti-cytokine therapy and metformin in ameliorating several different facets of damage to the NVU after HI-related brain injury in the perinatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence DISDIER
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, USA
| | - Barbara S STONESTREET
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, USA
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Erythropoietin Reduces Neurodegeneration and Long-Term Memory Deficits Following Sevoflurane Exposure in Neonatal Rats. Neurotox Res 2019; 36:817-826. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Trollmann R, Mühlberger T, Richter M, Boie G, Feigenspan A, Brackmann F, Jung S. Differential regulation of angiogenesis in the developing mouse brain in response to exogenous activation of the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor system. Brain Res 2018; 1688:91-102. [PMID: 29548688 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis due to hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury represents a crucial compensatory mechanism of the developing brain that is mainly regulated by hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIF). Pharmacological stimulation of HIF is suggested as a neuroprotective option, however, studies of its effects on vascular development are limited. We analyzed the influence of the prolyl-4-hydroxylase inhibitor (PHI), FG-4497, and erythropoietin (rhEPO) on post-hypoxic angiogenesis (angiogenic growth factors, vessel structures) in the developing mouse brain (P7) assessed after a regeneration period of 72 h. Exposure to systemic hypoxia (8% O2, 6 h) was followed by treatment (i.p.) with rhEPO (2500/5000 IU/kg) at 0, 24 and 48 h or FG-4497 (60/100 mg/kg) compared to controls. In response to FG-4497 treatment cortical and hippocampal vessel area and branching were significantly increased compared to controls. This was associated with elevated ANGPT-2 as well as decreased ANGPT-1 and TIE-2 mRNA levels. In response to rhEPO, mildly increased angiogenesis was associated with elevated ANGPT-2 but also TIE-2 mRNA levels in comparison to controls. In conclusion, present data demonstrate a differential regulation of the angiopoietin/TIE-2 system in response to PHI and rhEPO in the post-hypoxic developing brain pointing to potential functional consequences for vascular regeneration and vessel development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Trollmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestrasse 15, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Theresa Mühlberger
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestrasse 15, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Mandy Richter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestrasse 15, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Gudrun Boie
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestrasse 15, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Feigenspan
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstrasse 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Florian Brackmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestrasse 15, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Susan Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestrasse 15, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Al-Sarraf H, Malatiali S, Al-Awadi M, Redzic Z. Effects of erythropoietin on astrocytes and brain endothelial cells in primary culture during anoxia depend on simultaneous signaling by other cytokines and on duration of anoxia. Neurochem Int 2017; 113:34-45. [PMID: 29180303 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Studies on animals revealed neuroprotective effects of exogenously applied erythropoietin (EPO) during cerebral ischemia/hypoxia. Yet, application of exogenous EPO in stroke patients often lead to haemorrhagic transformation. To clarify potential mechanism of this adverse effect we explored effects of EPO on viabilities of astrocytes and brain endothelial cells (BECs) in primary culture during anoxia of various durations, in the presence or absence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), which are cytokines that are also released from the neurovascular unit during hypoxia. Anoxia (2-48 h) exerted marginal effects on BECs' viability and significant reductions in viability of astrocytes. Astrocyte-conditioned medium did not exert effects and exerted detrimental effects on BECs during 2 h and 24 h anoxia, respectively. This was partially reversed by inhibition of Janus kinase (Jak)2/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)5 activation. Addition of rat recombinant EPO (rrEPO) during 2 h-6h anoxia was protective for astrocytes, but had no effect on BECs. Addition of rrEPO significantly reduced viability of BECs and astrocytes after 48 h anoxia and after 24 h-48 h anoxia, respectively, which was attenuated by inhibition of Jak2/STAT5 activation. Simultaneous addition of rrEPO and VEGFA (1-165) caused marginal effects on BECs, but a highly significant protective effects on astrocytes during 24-48 h anoxia, which were attenuated by inhibition of Jak2/STAT5 activation. Simultaneous addition of EPO, VEGFA 1-165 and Ang1 exerted protective effects on BECs during 24 h-48 h anoxia, which were attenuated by addition of soluble Tie2 receptor. These data revealed that EPO could exert protective, but also injurious effects on BECs and astrocytes during anoxia, which depended on the duration of anoxia and on simultaneous signaling by VEGF and Ang1. If these injurious effects occur in stroke patients, they could enhance vascular damage and haemorrhagic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hameed Al-Sarraf
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Slava Malatiali
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Mariam Al-Awadi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Zoran Redzic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait.
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12
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Yu DF, Zhu LH, Jiang L. Recombinant Human Erythropoietin Augments Neovascularization Responses in a Neonatal Rat Model of Premature Brain Damage by Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase/Akt Pathway. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 130:854-858. [PMID: 28345550 PMCID: PMC5381320 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.202744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recombinant human-erythropoietin (rh-EPO) has therapeutic efficacy for premature infants with brain damage during the active rehabilitation and anti-inflammation. In the present study, we found that the rh-EPO was related to the promotion of neovascularization. Our aim was to investigate whether rh-EPO augments neovascularization in the neonatal rat model of premature brain damage through the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway. Methods: Postnatal day 5 (PD5), rats underwent permanent ligation of the right common carotid artery and were exposed to hypoxia for 2 h. All the rat pups were randomized into five groups as follows: (1) control group; (2) hypoxia-ischemic (HI) group; (3) HI + LY294002 group; (4) HI + rh-EPO group; and (5) HI + rh-EPO + LY294002 group. The phospho-Akt protein was tested 90 min after the whole operation, and CD34, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were also tested 2 days after the whole operation. Results: In the hypoxic and ischemic zone of the premature rat brain, the rh-EPO induced CD34+ cells to immigrate to the HI brain zone (P < 0.05) and also upregulated the VEGFR2 protein expression (P < 0.05) and VEGF mRNA level (P < 0.05) through the PI3K/Akt (P < 0.05) signaling pathway when compared with other groups. Conclusions: The rh-EPO treatment augments neovascularization responses in the neonatal rat model of premature brain damage through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Besides, the endogenous EPO may exist in the HI zone of rat brain and also has neovascularization function through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Fan Yu
- Department of Clinical Medcine, Medical School of Southeast University, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Li-Hua Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
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13
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Jung S, Boie G, Doerr HG, Trollmann R. Oxygen-sensitive regulation and neuroprotective effects of growth hormone-dependent growth factors during early postnatal development. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 312:R539-R548. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00477.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxia severely disrupts metabolic and somatotrophic development, as well as cerebral maturational programs. Hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs) represent the most important endogenous adaptive mechanisms to hypoxia, activating a broad spectrum of growth factors that contribute to cell survival and energy homeostasis. To analyze effects of systemic hypoxia and growth hormone (GH) therapy (rhGH) on HIF-dependent growth factors during early postnatal development, we compared protein (using ELISA) and mRNA (using quantitative RT PCR) levels of growth factors in plasma and brain between normoxic and hypoxic mice (8% O2, 6 h; postnatal day 7, P7) at P14. Exposure to hypoxia led to reduced body weight ( P < 0.001) and length ( P < 0.04) compared with controls and was associated with significantly reduced plasma levels of mouse GH ( P < 0.01) and IGF-1 ( P < 0.01). RhGH abrogated these hypoxia-induced changes of the GH/IGF-1 axis associated with normalization of weight and length gain until P14 compared with controls. In addition, rhGH treatment increased cerebral IGF-1, IGF-2, IGFBP-2, and erythropoietin mRNA levels, resulting in significantly reduced apoptotic cell death in the hypoxic, developing mouse brain. These data indicate that rhGH may functionally restore hypoxia-induced systemic dysregulation of the GH/IGF-1 axis and induce upregulation of neuroprotective, HIF-dependent growth factors in the hypoxic developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Jung
- Division of Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; and
| | - Gudrun Boie
- Division of Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; and
| | - Helmuth-Guenther Doerr
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Regina Trollmann
- Division of Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; and
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14
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Zhu L, Huang L, Wen Q, Wang T, Qiao L, Jiang L. Recombinant human erythropoietin offers neuroprotection through inducing endogenous erythropoietin receptor and neuroglobin in a neonatal rat model of periventricular white matter damage. Neurosci Lett 2017; 650:12-17. [PMID: 28359933 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant human erythropoietin (rh-EPO) has been reported to have protective effects against brain injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the levels of erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) and neuroglobin (Ngb) in a neonatal rat model of periventricular white matter damage (PWMD), and to identify the relationship between the two proteins. On postnatal day 3 (P3), rats underwent permanent ligation of the right common carotid artery followed by 6% O2 for 4h (HI) or sham operation and normoxic exposure (sham). Immediately after HI, rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of rh-EPO (5U/g) or saline. We assessed the expression level of Ngb and EPOR on postnatal days 5, 7, 10 and 14. EPOR in the HI rats was initially increased as compared to the sham rats at P5. Subsequently, EPOR expression decreased, but was maintained at a higher level than in sham rats from P7 to P14. In rh-EPO treated rats, the increase in EPOR was greater than in HI rats at P5. However, EPOR levels decreased sharply from P7 to P14. In HI rats, Ngb was increased compared to the sham rats from P5 to P14. Ngb levels were further upregulated after rh-EPO administration from P5 to P10 compared to HI rats. However, this upregulation decreased at P14. In conclusion, this study shows that EPOR and Ngb were upregulated, and both of them act as important coordinated neuroprotectors in rh-EPO treatment of PWMD. However, the two proteins exhibit different expression patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zhu
- Institute of Clinical and Nursing, Jiangsu Jiankang Vocational College, 69 Huangshan Ling Road, Pukou District, Nanjing 211800, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, 87 Dingjia Qiao, Gulou District, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Quan Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, 87 Dingjia Qiao, Gulou District, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipai Lou, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lixing Qiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, 87 Dingjia Qiao, Gulou District, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, 87 Dingjia Qiao, Gulou District, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.
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15
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Memisoglu A, Kolgazi M, Yaman A, Bahadir E, Sirvanci S, Yeğen BÇ, Ozek E. Neuroprotective Effect of Erythropoietin on Phenylhydrazine-Induced Hemolytic Hyperbilirubinemia in Neonatal Rats. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:1026-1037. [PMID: 27995496 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2135-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia might cause severe bilirubin neurotoxicity in especially hemolytic conditions. The study aimed to elucidate the potential neuroprotective effects of erythropoietin (EPO) in hemolysis-induced hyperbilirubinemia. In newborn rats, hyperbilirubinemia secondary to hemolysis was induced by injecting with phenylhydrazine hydrochloride (PHZ) and rats were injected with either vehicle or EPO. At 54th hour of the PHZ injection, rats were decapitated. Serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and S100-B and brain malondialdehyde, glutathione levels and myeloperoxidase activities were measured. TUNEL staining and NF-κB expression were evaluated. As compared to control pups, in vehicle-treated PHZ group, TNF-α and IL-1β levels, malondialdehyde level and myeloperoxidase activity were increased with concomitant decreases in IL-10 and glutathione. All EPO regimens reversed PHZ-induced alterations in IL-10, TNF-α, malondialdehyde and glutathione levels. Three-day-treatment abolished increases in myeloperoxidase activity and IL-1β levels, while BDNF and S100-B were elevated. Increased TUNEL (+) cells and NF-κB expressions in the brain of PHZ group were reduced in the 3-day-treated group. EPO exerted anti-inflammatory effects on PHZ-induced neural damage in newborn rats, while the neuroprotection was more obvious when the treatments were repeated successively. The results suggest that EPO treatment may have a therapeutic potential in supporting neuroplasticity in the hyperbilirubinemic neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Memisoglu
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meltem Kolgazi
- Department of Physiology, Acibadem University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Akan Yaman
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Bahadir
- Department of Physiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Basibüyük Mah. Maltepe Basibüyük Yolu No. 9/1, Maltepe, 34854, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serap Sirvanci
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berrak Ç Yeğen
- Department of Physiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Basibüyük Mah. Maltepe Basibüyük Yolu No. 9/1, Maltepe, 34854, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Eren Ozek
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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16
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Li Y, Zhang P, Liu Y, Liu W, Yin N. Helium preconditioning protects the brain against hypoxia/ischemia injury via improving the neurovascular niche in a neonatal rat model. Behav Brain Res 2016; 314:165-72. [PMID: 27515290 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether helium preconditioning (He-PC) is able to exert neuroprotective effects via improving focal neurovascular niche in a neonatal rat hypoxia/ischemia (HI) brain injury model. Seven day old rat pups were divided into control group, HI group and He-PC group. HI was induced by exposure to 8% oxygen for 90min one day after preconditioning with 70% helium-30% oxygen for three 5-min periods. At 3 and 7 days, the brain was collected for the detection of inflammation related factors (tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α], interleukin-1β [IL-1β], IL-10) and growth/neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF], basic fibroblast growth factor [bFGF] and nerve growth factor [NGF]); at 7 days, neurobehaviors were evaluated, and the brain was collected for the detection of mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) by PCR, protein expression of angiogenesis related molecules (VEGF, Ang-1, Tie-2 and Flt-1) by Western blotting and microvessel density (MCD) by immunohistochemistry for vWF. Results showed He-PC was able to reduce TNF-α and IL-1β, further increase IL-10, BDNF, bFGF and NGF, elevate the mRNA expression of VEGF and Ang-1, increase the protein expression of VEGF, Ang-1, Tie-2 and Flt-1, promote angiogenesis and improve neurobehaviors as compared to HI group. These findings suggest that He-PC may improve the post-stroke neurovascular niche to exert neuroprotective effects on neonatal HI brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No 1665 Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Peixi Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jining City, No 6, Jiankang Road, Jining City, Shandong 272011, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yantaishan Hospital, No 91, Jiefang Road, Zhifu District, Yantai City, Shandong 264001, China
| | - Wenwu Liu
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Na Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
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