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Makkar D, Gakhar D, Mishra V, Rakha A. Fine Tuning Mesenchymal Stromal Cells - Code For Mitigating Kidney Diseases. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:738-754. [PMID: 38334884 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10684-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Kidney Disease (KD), has a high global prevalence and accounts for one of the most prominent causes of morbidity and mortality in the twenty-first century. Despite the advances in our understanding of its pathophysiology, the only available therapy options are dialysis and kidney transplantation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have proven to be a viable choice for KD therapy due to their antiapoptotic, immunomodulatory, antioxidative, and pro-angiogenic activities. However, the low engraftment, low survival rate, diminished paracrine ability, and delayed delivery of MSCs are the major causes of the low clinical efficacy. A number of preconditioning regimens are being tested to increase the therapeutic capabilities of MSCs. In this review, we highlight the various strategies to prime MSCs and their protective effects in kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Makkar
- Department of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Diksha Gakhar
- Department of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Vinod Mishra
- Department of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Aruna Rakha
- Department of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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2
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Copur S, Yavuz F, Covic A, Kanbay M. A review on renal autologous cell transplantation: an investigational approach towards chronic kidney disease. Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:2539-2544. [PMID: 36971874 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03574-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is among the most common causes of mortality and morbidity in adult population with limited therapeutic approaches including various medications and kidney replacement therapies. Kidney transplantation is the gold standard therapeutic alternative for the management of chronic kidney disease; nonetheless, important drawbacks include the lack of adequate living or deceased donors, high rates of pre- and post-operative complications including surgical complications, infectious complications and medication-induced adverse effects. With the latest preclinical and in vitro studies demonstrating the potentiality of kidney cells obtained from diseased kidneys to convert into fully functional kidney cells lead to a novel therapeutic alternative referred as autologous selected renal cell transplantation. Even though the clinical studies investigating the efficiency and adverse effects of autologous selected renal cell transplantation are limited, it is no doubt promising. The need for future large-scale studies on chronic kidney disease patients from a diversity of etiologies is clear for the better establishment of the therapeutic potential of autologous selected renal cell transplantation. In this narrative review, our aim is to evaluate the role of renal autologous stem cell therapy in the management of chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidar Copur
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Furkan Yavuz
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Adrian Covic
- Department of Nephrology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine, Iasi, Romania
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
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3
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Fu Z, Zhang Y, Geng X, Chi K, Liu C, Song C, Cai G, Chen X, Hong Q. Optimization strategies of mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy for acute kidney injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:116. [PMID: 37122024 PMCID: PMC10150535 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03351-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the high prevalence and the lack of targeted pharmacological management of acute kidney injury (AKI), the search for new therapeutic approaches for it is in urgent demand. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been increasingly recognized as a promising candidate for the treatment of AKI. However, clinical translation of MSCs-based therapies is hindered due to the poor retention and survival rates as well as the impaired paracrine ability of MSCs post-delivery. To address these issues, a series of strategies including local administration, three-dimensional culture, and preconditioning have been applied. Owing to the emergence and development of these novel biotechnologies, the effectiveness of MSCs in experimental AKI models is greatly improved. Here, we summarize the different approaches suggested to optimize the efficacy of MSCs therapy, aiming at promoting the therapeutic effects of MSCs on AKI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangning Fu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese PLA, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese PLA, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Geng
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese PLA, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
- Beidaihe Rehabilitation and Recuperation Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Kun Chi
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese PLA, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chengcheng Song
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Electric Power Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese PLA, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese PLA, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Hong
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese PLA, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China.
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4
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Didamoony MA, Atwa AM, Ahmed LA. Modulatory effect of rupatadine on mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in hepatic fibrosis in rats: A potential role for miR-200a. Life Sci 2023; 324:121710. [PMID: 37084952 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-EXOs) have emerged as a promising approach in regenerative medicine for management of different diseases. However, the maintenance of their efficacy after in vivo transplantation is still a major concern. The present investigation aimed to assess the modulatory effect of rupatadine (RUP) on MSC-EXOs in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced liver fibrosis (LF), and to explore the possible underlying mechanism. MAIN METHODS LF was induced in rats by i.p. injection of DEN (100 mg/kg) once per week for 6 successive weeks. Rats were then treated with RUP (4 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 4 weeks with or without a single i.v. administration of MSC-EXOs. At the end of the experiment, animals were euthanized and serum and liver were separated for biochemical, and histological measurements. KEY FINDINGS The combined MSC-EXOs/RUP therapy provided an additional improvement towards inhibition of DEN-induced LF compared to MSC-EXOs group alone. These outcomes could be mediated through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic effects of RUP which created a more favorable environment for MSC-EXOs homing, and action. This in turn would enhance more effectively miR-200a expression which reduced oxidative stress, inflammation, necroptosis pathway, and subsequently fibrosis as revealed by turning off TGF-β1/α-SMA expression, and hedgehog axis. SIGNIFICANCE The present findings reveal that RUP enhanced the anti-fibrotic efficacy of MSC-EXOs when used as a combined therapy. This was revealed through attenuation of PAF/RIPK3/MLKL/HMGB1, and TGF-β1/hedgehog signaling pathways with a significant role for miR-200a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar A Didamoony
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo 11829, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Atwa
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa A Ahmed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
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5
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Adamičková A, Chomaničová N, Gažová A, Maďarič J, Červenák Z, Valášková S, Adamička M, Kyselovic J. Effect of Atorvastatin on Angiogenesis-Related Genes VEGF-A, HGF and IGF-1 and the Modulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR Transcripts in Bone-Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:2326-2337. [PMID: 36975520 PMCID: PMC10046955 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45030150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation represents a unique therapeutic tool in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, it was shown that the post-injection survival of stem cells is poor, warranting a more comprehensive understanding of activated regenerative pathways. Numerous studies indicate that statins improve the therapeutic efficacy of stem cells in regenerative medicine. In the present study, we investigated the effect of the most widely prescribed statin, atorvastatin, on the characteristics and properties of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) cultured in vitro. We found that atorvastatin did not decrease the viability of BM-MSCs, nor did it change the expression of MSC cell surface markers. Atorvastatin upregulated the mRNA expression levels of VEGF-A and HGF, whereas the mRNA expression level of IGF-1 was decreased. In addition, the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was modulated by atorvastatin as indicated by the high mRNA expression levels of PI3K and AKT. Moreover, our data revealed the upregulation of mTOR mRNA levels; however, no change was observed in the BAX and BCL-2 transcripts. We propose that atorvastatin benefits BM-MSC treatment due to its ability to upregulate angiogenesis-related genes expression and transcripts of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Adamičková
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Nikola Chomaničová
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Gažová
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence:
| | - Juraj Maďarič
- Clinic of Angiology, Comenius University and National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 833 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zdenko Červenák
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Simona Valášková
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Matúš Adamička
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Kyselovic
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
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Shaghaghi Z, Alvandi M, Farzipour S, Dehbanpour MR, Nosrati S. A review of effects of atorvastatin in cancer therapy. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 40:27. [PMID: 36459301 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01892-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most challenging diseases to manage. A sizeable number of researches are done each year to find better diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. At the present time, a package of chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy is available to cope with cancer cells. Regarding chemo-radiation therapy, low effectiveness and normal tissue toxicity are like barriers against optimal response. To remedy the situation, some agents have been proposed as adjuvants to improve tumor responses. Statins, the known substances for reducing lipid, have shown a considerable capability for cancer treatment. Among them, atorvastatin as a reductase (HMG-CoA) inhibitor might affect proliferation, migration, and survival of cancer cells. Since finding an appropriate adjutant is of great importance, numerous studies have been conducted to precisely unveil antitumor effects of atorvastatin and its associated pathways. In this review, we aim to comprehensively review the most highlighted studies which focus on the use of atorvastatin in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Shaghaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Maryam Alvandi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. .,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Soghra Farzipour
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Heshmat Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Dehbanpour
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sahar Nosrati
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16 Str, 03-195, Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Li Y, Ricardo SD, Samuel CS. Enhancing the Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Based Therapies with an Anti-Fibrotic Agent for the Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116035. [PMID: 35682717 PMCID: PMC9181689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 1 in 10 members of the general population, placing these patients at an increasingly high risk of kidney failure. Despite the significant burden of CKD on various healthcare systems, there are no effective cures that reverse or even halt its progression. In recent years, human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) have been recognised as a novel therapy for CKDs, owing to their well-established immunomodulatory and tissue-reparative properties in preclinical settings, and their promising safety profile that has been demonstrated in patients with CKDs from several clinical trials. However, renal fibrosis (scarring), a hallmark of CKD, has been shown to impair the viability and functionality of BM-MSCs post-transplantation. This has suggested that BM-MSCs might require a pre-treatment or adjunct therapy that can enhance the viability and therapeutic efficacy of these stromal cells in chronic disease settings. To address this, recent studies that have combined BM-MSCs with the anti-fibrotic drug serelaxin (RLX), have demonstrated the enhanced therapeutic potential of this combination therapy in normotensive and hypertensive preclinical models of CKD. In this review, a critical appraisal of the preclinical data available on the anti-fibrotic and renoprotective actions of BM-MSCs or RLX alone and when combined, as a treatment option for normotensive vs. hypertensive CKD, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifang Li
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Department of Pharmacology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia;
| | - Sharon D. Ricardo
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Department of Pharmacology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Correspondence: (S.D.R.); (C.S.S.)
| | - Chrishan S. Samuel
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Department of Pharmacology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia;
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Department of Pharmacology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Correspondence: (S.D.R.); (C.S.S.)
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8
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Xiang J, Zhou L, Xie Y, Zhu Y, Xiao L, Chen Y, Zhou W, Chen D, Wang M, Cai L, Guo L. Mesh-like electrospun membrane loaded with atorvastatin facilitates cutaneous wound healing by promoting the paracrine function of mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:190. [PMID: 35526075 PMCID: PMC9080129 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02865-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional electrospun membranes are promising dressings for promoting wound healing. However, their microstructure and drug loading capacity need further improvements. It is the first time to design a novel mesh-like electrospun fiber loaded with atorvastatin (ATV) and investigated its effects on paracrine secretion by bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and wound healing in vivo. METHODS We fabricated a mesh-like electrospun membrane using a copper mesh receiver. The physical properties of the membranes were evaluated by SEM, FTIR spectroscopy, tensile strength analysis, and contrast angle test. Drug release was measured by plotting concentration as a function of time. We tested the effects of conditioned media (CM) derived from BMSCs on endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis. We used these BMSCs and performed RT-PCR and ELISA to evaluate the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF) genes and proteins, respectively. The involvement of FAK and AKT mechanotransduction pathways in the regulation of BMSC secretion by material surface topography was also investigated. Furthermore, we established a rat model of wound healing, applied ATV-loaded mesh-like membranes (PCL/MAT) seeded with BMSCs on wounds, and assessed their efficacy for promoting wound healing. RESULTS FTIR spectroscopy revealed successful ATV loading in PCL/MAT. Compared with random electrospun fibers (PCL/R) and mesh-like electrospun fibers without drug load (PCL/M), PCL/MAT induced maximum promotion of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) migration. In the PCL/MAT group, the cell sheet scratches were nearly closed after 24 h. However, the cell sheet scratches remained open in other treatments at the same time point. The PCL/MAT promoted angiogenesis and led to the generation of longer tubes than the other treatments. Finally, the PCL/MAT induced maximum gene expression and protein secretion of VEGF and b-FGF. As for material surface topography effect on BMSCs, FAK and AKT signaling pathways were shown to participate in the modulation of MSC morphology and its paracrine function. In vivo, PCL/MAT seeded with BMSCs significantly accelerated healing and improved neovascularization and collagen reconstruction in the wound area compared to the other treatments. CONCLUSIONS The mesh-like topography of fibrous scaffolds combined with ATV release creates a unique microenvironment that promotes paracrine secretion of BMSCs, thereby accelerating wound healing. Hence, drug-loaded mesh-like electrospun membranes may be highly efficacious for wound healing and as artificial skin. It is a promising approach to solve the traumatic skin defect and accelerate recovery, which is essential to developing functional materials for future regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Xiang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yuanlong Xie
- Department of Spine Surgery and Musculoskeletal Tumor, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yufan Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Musculoskeletal Tumor, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Lingfei Xiao
- Department of Spine Surgery and Musculoskeletal Tumor, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery and Musculoskeletal Tumor, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Danyang Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Spine Surgery and Musculoskeletal Tumor, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Liang Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Wang S, Lei B, Zhang E, Gong P, Gu J, He L, Han L, Yuan Z. Targeted Therapy for Inflammatory Diseases with Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Derived Exosomes: From Basic to Clinics. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:1757-1781. [PMID: 35469174 PMCID: PMC9034888 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s355366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a beneficial and physiological process, but there are a number of inflammatory diseases which have detrimental effects on the body. In addition, the drugs used to treat inflammation have toxic side effects when used over a long period of time. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent stem cells that can be isolated from a variety of tissues and can be differentiate into diverse cell types under appropriate conditions. They also exhibit noteworthy anti-inflammatory properties, providing new options for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. The therapeutic potential of MSCs is currently being investigated for various inflammatory diseases, such as kidney injury, lung injury, osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). MSCs can perform multiple functions, including immunomodulation, homing, and differentiation, to enable damaged tissues to form a balanced inflammatory and regenerative microenvironment under severe inflammatory conditions. In addition, accumulated evidence indicates that exosomes from extracellular vesicles of MSCs (MSC-Exos) play an extraordinary role, mainly by transferring their components to recipient cells. In this review, we summarize the mechanism and clinical trials of MSCs and MSC-Exos in various inflammatory diseases in detail, with a view to contributing to the treatment of MSCs and MSC-Exos in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Biyu Lei
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - E Zhang
- Department of Basic Sciences, Officers College of People’s Armed Police, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610213, People’s Republic of China
| | - Puyang Gong
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili He
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Han
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhixiang Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Shang Z, Jiang Y, Guan X, Wang A, Ma B. Therapeutic Effects of Stem Cells From Different Source on Renal Ischemia- Reperfusion Injury: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Animal Studies. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:713059. [PMID: 34539400 PMCID: PMC8444551 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.713059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Although stem cell therapy for renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI) has made immense progress in animal studies, conflicting results have been reported by the investigators. Therefore, we aimed to systematically evaluate the effects of different stem cells on renal function of animals with ischemia-reperfusion injury and to compare the efficacies of stem cells from various sources. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane, CNKI, VIP, CBM, and WanFang Data were searched for records until April 2021. Two researchers independently conducted literature screening, data extraction, and literature quality evaluation. Results and conclusion: Seventy-two animal studies were included for data analysis. Different stem cells significantly reduced serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels in the early and middle stages (1 and 7 days) compared to the negative control group, however there was no significant difference in the late stage among all groups (14 days); In the early stage (1 day), the renal histopathological score in the stem cell group was significantly lower than that in the negative control group, and there was no significant difference among these stem cells. In addition, there was no significant difference between stem cell and negative control in proliferation of resident cells, however, significantly less apoptosis of resident cells than negative control. In conclusion, the results showed that stem cells from diverse sources could improve the renal function of RIRI animals. ADMSCs and MDMSCs were the most-researched stem cells, and they possibly hold the highest therapeutic potential. However, the quality of evidence included in this study is low, and there are many risks of bias. The exact efficacy of the stem cells and the requirement for further clinical studies remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Shang
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanbiao Jiang
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Guan
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Anan Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bin Ma
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
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11
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Effects of Statins on Renin-Angiotensin System. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8070080. [PMID: 34357323 PMCID: PMC8305238 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8070080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins, a class of drugs for lowering serum LDL-cholesterol, have attracted attention because of their wide range of pleiotropic effects. An important but often neglected effect of statins is their role in the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) pathway. This pathway plays an integral role in the progression of several diseases including hypertension, heart failure, and renal disease. In this paper, the role of statins in the blockade of different components of this pathway and the underlying mechanisms are reviewed and new therapeutic possibilities of statins are suggested.
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12
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Hazzaa SM, Abdou AG, Ibraheim EO, Salem EA, Hassan MHA, Abdel-Razek HAD. Effect of L-carnitine and atorvastatin on a rat model of ischemia-reperfusion injury of spinal cord. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2021; 42:596-619. [PMID: 33900902 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2021.1914085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in acute spinal cord injury, leading to myelin breakdown, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis of neurons and glial cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate possible protective effects of L-carnitine (carn) or atorvastatin (ator) on spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Rats were randomized into nine equal groups (n = 8): control and control taking carn (100 mg/kg BW), ator (2.5 mg/kg BW) or both, as well as sham-operation, IRI and IRI taking same doses of carn, ator or both. Neurological assessments were done 48 hours after IRI, and serum nitrite/nitrate was measured. Finally, lumbar segments of spinal cord were excised, and part was homogenized and prepared for measuring tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. The other part was sectioned for evaluation of histopathological changes and for immunostaining by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Bax and Bcl-2. The IRI increased ROS (nitrite/nitrate, MDA, AOPP) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β), and decreased antioxidants (GSH, GPx, SOD, catalase) with impaired sensory and motor functions. Astrogliosis was detected by GFAP, and increased apoptosis was demonstrated by increasing Bax and decreasing Bcl-2. Treatment with carn or ator alone decreased TNF-α, IL-1β, nitrite/nitrate, MDA and AOPP, and increased GSH, GPx, SOD, and catalase with improvement of neurological functions and histological studies. Combination of carn and ator improved most of measured IRI-affected parameters better than isolated carn or ator administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan M Hazzaa
- Medical Physiology, Menoufia University, Shebein Elkom, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Gaber Abdou
- Pathology Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebein Elkom, Egypt
| | | | - Esraa A Salem
- Medical Physiology, Menoufia University, Shebein Elkom, Egypt
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Huang J, Kong Y, Xie C, Zhou L. Stem/progenitor cell in kidney: characteristics, homing, coordination, and maintenance. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:197. [PMID: 33743826 PMCID: PMC7981824 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02266-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal failure has a high prevalence and is becoming a public health problem worldwide. However, the renal replacement therapies such as dialysis are not yet satisfactory for its multiple complications. While stem/progenitor cell-mediated tissue repair and regenerative medicine show there is light at the end of tunnel. Hence, a better understanding of the characteristics of stem/progenitor cells in kidney and their homing capacity would greatly promote the development of stem cell research and therapy in the kidney field and open a new route to explore new strategies of kidney protection. In this review, we generally summarize the main stem/progenitor cells derived from kidney in situ or originating from the circulation, especially bone marrow. We also elaborate on the kidney-specific microenvironment that allows stem/progenitor cell growth and chemotaxis, and comment on their interaction. Finally, we highlight potential strategies for improving the therapeutic effects of stem/progenitor cell-based therapy. Our review provides important clues to better understand and control the growth of stem cells in kidneys and develop new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yaozhong Kong
- Department of Nephrology, the First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Chao Xie
- Department of Nephrology, the First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Lili Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China.
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14
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Ruan GP, Yao X, Lin QK, Li ZA, Cai XM, Pang RQ, Pan XH. Transplantation of chicken egg white extract-induced rabbit PBMCs as a treatment for renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244160. [PMID: 33370374 PMCID: PMC7769466 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is an important contributor to acute kidney injury and a major factor affecting early functional recovery after kidney transplantation. We conducted this experiment to investigate the protective effect of induced multipotent stem cell transplantation on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Forty rabbits were divided into four groups of 10 rabbits each. Thirty rabbits were used to establish the renal ischemia-reperfusion injury model, and ten rabbits served as the model group and were not treated. Among the 30 rabbits with renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, 10 rabbits were treated with induced peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and 10 other rabbits were treated with noninduced PBMCs. After three weekly treatments, the serum creatinine levels, urea nitrogen levels and urine protein concentrations were quantified. The kidneys were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Masson’s trichrome and then sent for commercial metabolomic testing. The kidneys of the rabbits in the model group showed different degrees of pathological changes, and the recovery of renal function was observed in the group treated with induced cells. The results indicate that PBMCs differentiate into multipotent stem cells after induction and exert a therapeutic effect on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-ping Ruan
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, 920th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the PLA, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- Stem Cell and Immune Cell Biomedical Technique Integrated Engineering Laboratory of State and Region, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- Cell Therapy Technology Transfer Medical Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- * E-mail: (GR); (XP)
| | - Xiang Yao
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, 920th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the PLA, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- Stem Cell and Immune Cell Biomedical Technique Integrated Engineering Laboratory of State and Region, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- Cell Therapy Technology Transfer Medical Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Qing-keng Lin
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, 920th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the PLA, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- Stem Cell and Immune Cell Biomedical Technique Integrated Engineering Laboratory of State and Region, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- Cell Therapy Technology Transfer Medical Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zi-an Li
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, 920th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the PLA, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- Stem Cell and Immune Cell Biomedical Technique Integrated Engineering Laboratory of State and Region, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- Cell Therapy Technology Transfer Medical Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xue-min Cai
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, 920th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the PLA, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- Stem Cell and Immune Cell Biomedical Technique Integrated Engineering Laboratory of State and Region, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- Cell Therapy Technology Transfer Medical Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Rong-qing Pang
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, 920th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the PLA, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- Stem Cell and Immune Cell Biomedical Technique Integrated Engineering Laboratory of State and Region, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- Cell Therapy Technology Transfer Medical Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xing-hua Pan
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, 920th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the PLA, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- Stem Cell and Immune Cell Biomedical Technique Integrated Engineering Laboratory of State and Region, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- Cell Therapy Technology Transfer Medical Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- * E-mail: (GR); (XP)
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15
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Gorabi AM, Kiaie N, Pirro M, Bianconi V, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Effects of statins on the biological features of mesenchymal stem cells and therapeutic implications. Heart Fail Rev 2020; 26:1259-1272. [PMID: 32008148 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-020-09929-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Statins are well-known lipid-lowering drugs. The pleiotropic effects of statins have brought about some beneficial effects on improving the therapeutic outcomes of cell therapy and tissue engineering approaches. In this review, the impact of statins on mesenchymal stem cell behaviors including differentiation, apoptosis, proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis, as well as molecular pathways which are responsible for such phenomena, are discussed. A better understanding of pathways and mechanisms of statin-mediated effects on mesenchymal stem cells will pave the way for the expansion of statin applications. Furthermore, since designing a suitable carrier for statins is required to maintain a sufficient dose of active statins at the desired site of the body, different systems for local delivery of statins are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armita Mahdavi Gorabi
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Kiaie
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Vanessa Bianconi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran. .,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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16
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Statin-Induced Nitric Oxide Signaling: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122051. [PMID: 31766595 PMCID: PMC6947613 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to their cholesterol-lowering effects, statins are associated with pleiotropic effects including improvements in heart failure (HF), reduced blood pressure, prevention of the rupture of atherosclerotic plaques and improved angiogenesis. In addition to these cardiovascular benefits, statins have been implicated in the treatment of neurological injuries, cancer, sepsis, and cirrhosis. These cholesterol-independent beneficial effects of statins are predominantly mediated through signaling pathways leading to increased production and bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO). In this review, the mechanistic pathways and therapeutic effects of statin-mediated elevations of NO are described and discussed.
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Karatug Kacar A, Yildirim M, Bolkent S, Oztay F. The effects of atorvastatin on the kidney injury in mice with pulmonary fibrosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 71:1301-1310. [PMID: 31215034 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study investigated the effects of atorvastatin on kidney injury in mice with pulmonary fibrosis (PF). METHODS Adult mice were divided into four groups: mice treated with intratracheal bleomycin (I) and their controls (II), and mice treated with atorvastatin for 10 days after 7 days from bleomycin treatment (III) and their controls (IV). Mice were dissected on the 21st day. KEY FINDINGS Mononuclear cell infiltrations, injured proximal tubule epithelium and p-c-Jun level increased, while cell proliferation and the levels of p-SMAD2, ELK1, p-ELK1, p-ATF2 and c-Jun decreased in the kidney tissue of mice with PF. The atorvastatin treatments to mice with PF resulted in significant increases at the TGF-β activation, cell proliferation and kidney damage and decreases in the levels of p-SMAD2, p-ELK1, p-ATF2 and p-c-Jun, but not change the p-SMAD3, ELK1 and ATF2 in kidneys. CONCLUSIONS The depletion of MAPK signals, rather than SMAD signalling, is effective in kidney damage of mice with PF. Atorvastatin did not regress kidney damage in these mice, whereas it increases the kidney injury. The c-Jun-mediated JNK signals could help kidney repair through cell proliferation. The treatment time and doses of atorvastatin should be optimized for regression of kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Karatug Kacar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Yildirim
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sehnaz Bolkent
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fusun Oztay
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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18
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Potential and Therapeutic Efficacy of Cell-based Therapy Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Acute/chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071619. [PMID: 30939749 PMCID: PMC6479813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease can be either acute kidney injury (AKI) or chronic kidney disease (CKD) and it can lead to the development of functional organ failure. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are derived from a diverse range of human tissues. They are multipotent and have immunomodulatory effects to assist in the recovery from tissue injury and the inhibition of inflammation. Numerous studies have investigated the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of MSC-based therapies for kidney disease. Although the exact mechanism of MSC-based therapy remains uncertain, their therapeutic value in the treatment of a diverse range of kidney diseases has been studied in clinical trials. The use of MSCs is a promising therapeutic strategy for both acute and chronic kidney disease. The mechanism underlying the effects of MSCs on survival rate after transplantation and functional repair of damaged tissue is still ambiguous. The paracrine effects of MSCs on renal recovery, optimization of the microenvironment for cell survival, and control of inflammatory responses are thought to be related to their interaction with the damaged kidney environment. This review discusses recent experimental and clinical findings related to kidney disease, with a focus on the role of MSCs in kidney disease recovery, differentiation, and microenvironment. The therapeutic efficacy and current applications of MSC-based kidney disease therapies are also discussed.
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19
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Cai J, Jiao X, Fang Y, Yu X, Ding X. The orphan nuclear receptor RORα is a potential endogenous protector in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. FASEB J 2019; 33:5704-5715. [PMID: 30673513 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802248r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that retinoid-related orphan receptor (ROR)α, a member of the ROR nuclear receptor subfamily, mediates key cellular adaptions to hypoxia and contributes to the pathophysiology of many disease states. However, the effects of RORα in renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remain unclear. Wild-type (WT) C57 black 6 (C57BL/6) mice and RORα-deficient stagger [ROR(sg/sg)] mice and their WT littermates were used for in vivo studies. The renal I/R injury model was induced by bilateral renal pedicle clamping for 35 min. Human proximal tubule cell line cells were treated with hypoxia (1% oxygen) to establish the cell hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model. We investigated the renal expression and biologic function of RORα, and we found that RORα was significantly down-regulated after renal I/R injury. ROR(sg/sg) mice displayed dramatically augmented renal dysfunction and morphologic damage compared with WT mice at 24 h post-I/R. Further study revealed that the detrimental effects of RORα deficiency were attributable to tubular epithelial cell apoptosis and, consequently, renal inflammation and oxidative stress. The proapoptotic effect of RORα deficiency was associated with aggravated mitochondrial dysfunction in renal tubular cells after I/R. However, pretreatment of C57BL/6 mice with the RORα agonist SR1078 ameliorated I/R-induced renal dysfunction and damage and elicited a concomitant decrease in tubular epithelial cell apoptosis. In summary, our study provides experimental evidence showing that RORα is a novel endogenous protector against renal I/R injury and that ROR-α activation is a promising therapeutic strategy for the prevention of acute kidney injury.-Cai, J., Jiao, X., Fang, Y., Yu, X., Ding, X. The orphan nuclear receptor RORα is a potential endogenous protector in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieru Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Center for Kidney Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jiao
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Center for Kidney Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Center for Kidney Disease, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofang Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Center for Kidney Disease, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Center for Kidney Disease, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China
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20
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Cai J, Jiao X, Zhao S, Liang Y, Ning Y, Shi Y, Fang Y, Ding X, Yu X. Transforming growth factor-β1-overexpressing mesenchymal stromal cells induced local tolerance in rat renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:535-545. [PMID: 30685215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress excessive immune responses and play a crucial protective role in acute kidney injury (AKI). The aim of this study was to examine the therapeutic potential of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-overexpressing mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in inducing local generation of Tregs in the kidney after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS MSCs were transduced with a lentiviral vector expressing the TGF-β1 gene; TGF-β1-overexpressing MSCs (designated TGF-β1/MSCs) were then transfused into the I/R-injured kidney via the renal artery. RESULTS MSCs genetically modified with TGF-β1 achieved overexpression of TGF-β1. Compared with green fluorescent protein (GFP)/MSCs, TGF-β1/MSCs markedly improved renal function after I/R injury and reduced epithelial apoptosis and subsequent inflammation. The enhanced immunosuppressive and therapeutic abilities of TGF-β1/MSCs were associated with increased generation of induced Tregs and improved intrarenal migration of the injected cells. Futhermore, the mechanism of TGF-β1/MSCs in attenuating renal I/R injury was not through a direct canonical TGF-β1/Smad pathway. CONCLUSION TGF-β1/MSCs can induce a local immunosuppressive effect in the I/R-injured kidney. The immunomodulatory activity of TGF-β1-modified MSCs appears to be a gateway to new therapeutic approaches to prevent renal I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieru Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Medical Center for Kidney, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jiao
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Medical Center for Kidney, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuan Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Medical Center for Kidney, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiran Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Medical Center for Kidney, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichun Ning
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Medical Center for Kidney, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqin Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Medical Center for Kidney, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Medical Center for Kidney, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Medical Center for Kidney, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaofang Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Medical Center for Kidney, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China.
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21
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Zhao L, Hu C, Zhang P, Jiang H, Chen J. Preconditioning strategies for improving the survival rate and paracrine ability of mesenchymal stem cells in acute kidney injury. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:720-730. [PMID: 30484934 PMCID: PMC6349184 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common, severe emergency case in clinics, with high incidence, significant mortality and increased costs. Despite development in the understanding of its pathophysiology, the therapeutic choices are still confined to dialysis and renal transplantation. Considering their antiapoptotic, immunomodulatory, antioxidative and pro‐angiogenic effects, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be a promising candidate for AKI management. Based on these findings, some clinical trials have been performed, but the results are contradictory (NCT00733876, NCT01602328). The low engraftment, poor survival rate, impaired paracrine ability and delayed administration of MSCs are the four main reasons for the limited clinical efficacy. Investigators have developed a series of preconditioning strategies to improve MSC survival rates and paracrine ability. In this review, by summarizing these encouraging studies, we intend to provide a comprehensive understanding of various preconditioning strategies on AKI therapy and improve the prognosis of AKI patients by regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Chenxia Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
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22
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Abstract
Stem cell aging is a process in which stem cells progressively lose their ability to self-renew or differentiate, succumb to senescence or apoptosis, and eventually become functionally depleted. Unresolved oxidative stress and concomitant oxidative damages of cellular macromolecules including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates have been recognized to contribute to stem cell aging. Excessive production of reactive oxygen species and insufficient cellular antioxidant reserves compromise cell repair and metabolic homeostasis, which serves as a mechanistic switch for a variety of aging-related pathways. Understanding the molecular trigger, regulation, and outcomes of those signaling networks is critical for developing novel therapies for aging-related diseases by targeting stem cell aging. Here we explore the key features of stem cell aging biology, with an emphasis on the roles of oxidative stress in the aging process at the molecular level. As a concept of cytoprotection of stem cells in transplantation, we also discuss how systematic enhancement of endogenous antioxidant capacity before or during graft into tissues can potentially raise the efficacy of clinical therapy. Finally, future directions for elucidating the control of oxidative stress and developing preventive/curative strategies against stem cell aging are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- 1 State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Chemical Biology Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingxia Liu
- 1 State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Chemical Biology Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nai-Kei Wong
- 1 State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Chemical Biology Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia Xiao
- 1 State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Chemical Biology Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,2 Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- 3 GMH Institute of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong Medical Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Naeimi RA, Talebpour Amiri F, Khalatbary AR, Ghasemi A, Zargari M, Ghesemi M, Hosseinimehr SJ. Atorvastatin mitigates testicular injuries induced by ionizing radiation in mice. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 72:115-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Roushandeh AM, Bahadori M, Roudkenar MH. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-based Therapy as a New Horizon for Kidney Injuries. Arch Med Res 2017. [PMID: 28625316 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Today, the prevalence of kidney diseases is increasing around the world, but there has still been no effective medical treatment. The therapeutic choices are confined to supportive cares and preventive strategies. Currently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-based cell therapy was proposed for the treatment of kidney injuries. However, after the transplantation of MSCs, they are exposed to masses of cytotoxic factors involving an inflammatory cytokine storm, a nutritionally-poor hypoxic environment and oxidative stresses that finally lead to minimize the efficacy of MSCs based cell therapy. Therefore, several innovative strategies were developed in order to potentiate MSCs to withstand the unfavorable microenvironments of the injured kidney tissues and improve their therapeutic potentials. This review aims to introduce MSCs as a new modality in the treatment of renal failure. Here, we discuss the clinical trials of MSCs-based therapy in kidney diseases as well as the in vivo studies dealing with MSCs application in kidney injuries mainly from the proliferation, differentiation, migration and survival points of view. The obstacles and challenges of this new modality in kidney injuries are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marzie Bahadori
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Paramedicine Faculty, Guilan University of Medical Sciences Rasht, Iran.
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Nasri H, Hasanpour Z, Nematbakhsh M, Ahmadi A, Rafieian-Kopaei M. The effect of the various doses of atorvastatin on renal tubular cells; an experimental study. J Nephropathol 2016; 5:111-5. [PMID: 27540539 PMCID: PMC4961820 DOI: 10.15171/jnp.2016.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background
Recent retrospective observational studies suggest that high-potency statin therapy might increase the risk of acute kidney injury, however data on this subject is scares.
Objectives
This study, was designed to investigate the renal tubular cell effect of different doses of atorvastatin to detect the possible aggravation of renal function or morphology of the kidney.
Materials and Methods
In this experimental study 24 male Wistar rats were designated into 4 equal groups and treated as follows. Control group received phosphate buffer as the vehicle of atorvastatin for 7 days. Groups 1, II and III received atorvastatin at doses of 10, 50 and 150 mg/kg daily for 7 days, then on the day 8, all rats were anesthetized using ketamine and the blood samples were collected for evaluation of creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels and then all rats were sacrificed, then the animals’ kidneys were dissected out and histopathological studies were performed.
Results
Mean (±SD) of scores of injury to renal tubular cells in control group was 4.2 ± 2.2 and in groups I, II and III were 6.44 ± 4.9, 15.4 ± 8.5 and 25.8 ± 12.7 respectively. Group III which received 150 mg/kg/day of atorvastatin had significant renal damage in comparison to control group (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference of renal injury score between control group with groups of I and II.
Conclusions
In the present study we found, atorvastatin with a dose of 150 mg/kg/day for 7 days was nephrotoxic for rats, while lower doses at 10 mg/kg/day or 50 mg/kg/day for 7 days were not accompanied by renal injury. These findings imply further attention to the administration of higher doses of atorvastatin in clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Nasri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Hasanpour
- Department of Internal Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran ; Water and Electrolytes Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Nematbakhsh
- Water and Electrolytes Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Ahmadi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Deng Y, Yuan X, Guo XL, Zhu D, Pan YY, Liu HG. Efficacy of atorvastatin on hippocampal neuronal damage caused by chronic intermittent hypoxia: Involving TLR4 and its downstream signaling pathway. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2015. [PMID: 26200444 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hippocampal neuronal damage is critical for the initiation and progression of neurocognitive impairment accompanied obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays an important role in the development of several hippocampus-related neural disorders. Atorvastatin was reported beneficially regulates TLR4. Here, we examined the effects of atorvastatin on hippocampal injury caused by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), the most characteristic pathophysiological change of OSAS. Mice were exposed to intermittent hypoxia with or without atorvastatin for 4 weeks. Cell damage, the expressions of TLR4 and its two downstream factors myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MYD88) and TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF), inflammatory agents (tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β), and the oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde) were determined. Atorvastatin decreased the neural injury and the elevation of TLR4, MyD88, TRIF, pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress caused by CIH. Our study suggests that atorvastatin may attenuate CIH induced hippocampal neuronal damage partially via TLR4 and its downstream signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xue-ling Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Die Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yue-ying Pan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hui-guo Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Muthuraman A, Kaur P, Kaur P, Singh H, Boparai PS. Ameliorative potential of vitamin P and digoxin in ischemic–reperfusion induced renal injury using the Langendorff apparatus. Life Sci 2015; 124:75-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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