The effect of IGF2BP2 gene polymorphisms on pioglitazone response in Chinese type 2 diabetes patients

Transition of Lipid Accumulation Product Status and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese: A National Cohort Study

Background

Lipid accumulation product (LAP), a product of waist circumference (WC) and fasting triglycerides (TG), is a measure of lipid accumulation and an effective predictor of metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to evaluate the associations of LAP and its longitudinal transitions with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among middle-aged and older Chinese.

Methods

Data were extracted from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011, 2013, 2015, and 2018). LAP was defined as (WC-65) ×TG for men, and (WC-58) ×TG for women. Participants were classified into high- and low-LAP groups at baseline, and subsequently into four transition patterns during 2011-2015: maintained-high, maintained-low, high-to-low, and low-to-high LAP. The longitudinal transition patterns of LAP on the development of T2DM were assessed by multivariable Cox frailty models.

Results

Overall, 7397 participants were included for analysis, among whom 849 (11.5%) developed T2DM between 2011 and 2018. Women with high-LAP levels at baseline presented a higher risk of T2DM (hazard ratios [HR]=1.37, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-1.77), while no significant association was found in men. Compared with women with maintained-low LAP pattern, those with transition patterns of low-to-high LAP and maintained-high LAP were at higher risk of T2DM (HR =1.99 and 1.98, both P<0.05); however, for men, the significantly positive association was only observed in maintained-high LAP transition pattern (HR=1.53, 95% CI: 1.04-2.23).

Conclusions

Elevated LAP levels and the transition patterns of maintained-high LAP and low-to-high LAP are significant risk factors for T2DM in women. Preventions are needed to combat T2DM at an early dyslipidemic stage.

The role of IGF2BP2, an m6A reader gene, in human metabolic diseases and cancers

The human insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) mRNA binding proteins 2 (IGF2BP2/IMP2) is an RNA-binding protein that regulates multiple biological processes. Previously, IGF2BP2 was thought to be a type 2 diabetes (T2D)-associated gene. Indeed IGF2BP2 modulates cellular metabolism in human metabolic diseases such as diabetes, obesity and fatty liver through post-transcriptional regulation of numerous genes in multiple cell types. Emerging evidence shows that IGF2BP2 is an N6-methyladenosine (m6A) reader that participates in the development and progression of cancers by communicating with different RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs), messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Additionally, IGF2BP2 is an independent prognostic factor for multiple cancer types. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on IGF2BP2 with regard to diverse human metabolic diseases and its potential for cancer prognosis.

IGF2BP2 Polymorphisms Are Associated with Clinical Characteristics and Development of Oral Cancer

Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) is associated with insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, and tumorigenesis. However, the association between the IGF2BP2 polymorphism and oral cancer risk remains unclear. We recruited 1349 male patients with oral cancer and 1198 cancer-free controls. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms IGF2BP2 rs11705701, rs4402960, and rs1470579 were assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results indicate that the male patients with oral cancer and with the rs11705701 GA+AA, rs4402960 GT+TT, and rs1470579 AC+CC genotypes had increased risk of advanced clinical stage, larger tumor, and progression of lymph node metastasis compared with those with wild-type IGF2BP2. Moreover, according to The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset, high expression of the IGF2BP2 gene is associated with poor survival in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. In conclusion, our results suggest that IGF2BP2 polymorphisms are associated with less favorable oral cancer clinical characteristics.

Investigation of IGF1, IGF2BP2, and IGFBP3 variants with lymph node status and esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma risk

Esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma (EGJA) may be associated with obesity and overweight. Thus, any variant in energy metabolism–related gene may influence the development of EGJA. In this study, we recruited 720 EGJA cases and 1541 noncancer controls. We selected IGF2BP2 rs4402960 G > T, rs1470579 A > C, IGF1 rs5742612 A > G and IGFBP3 rs3110697 G > A, rs2270628 C > T and rs6953668 G > A loci and assessed the relationship of these polymorphisms with lymph node status and susceptibility of EGJA. We found that IGF2BP2 rs1470579 A > C and IGFBP3 rs6953668 G > A polymorphisms were associated with the decreased risk of EGJA ( IGF2BP2 rs1470579: CC vs AA: adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.43‐0.98, P = 0.041 and CC vs AA/AC: adjusted OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.41‐0.93, P = 0.021 and IGFBP3 rs6953668: GA vs GG: adjusted OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.47‐0.93, P = 0.019 and GA/AA vs GG: adjusted OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.48‐0.95, P = 0.026). However, we also found that IGF1 rs5742612 A > G polymorphism increased the risk of LNM among patients with EGJA (GG vs AA: adjusted OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.02‐3.46, P = 0.042 and GG vs AA/AG: adjusted OR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.06‐3.47, P = 0.032). This study suggests that IGF2BP2 rs1470579 A > C and IGFBP3 rs6953668 G > A polymorphisms may decrease genetic susceptibility to EGJA in eastern Chinese Han population. In addition, our findings also indicate that IGF1 rs5742612 A > G polymorphism may increase the susceptibility of LNM among patients with EGJA.

Relationship between IGF2BP2 and IGFBP3 polymorphisms and susceptibility to non-small-cell lung cancer: a case-control study in Eastern Chinese Han population

Background

IGF2BP2 and IGFBP3 polymorphisms may be associated with cancer risk.

Methods

With an aim to determine the association of variations in IGF2BP2 and IGFBP3 genes with risk of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), IGF2BP2 rs1470579 A>C, rs4402960 G>T and IGFBP3 rs2270628 C>T, rs3110697 G>A, and rs6953668 G>A polymorphisms were selected and genotyped in 521 NSCLC patients and 1,030 controls.

Results

We found that there was no difference in IGF2BP2 and IGFBP3 genotype distribution among the NSCLC patients and controls. The stratified analyses suggested that IGF2BP2 rs1470579 A>C polymorphism decreased the risk of NSCLC in some subgroups (female subgroup: CC vs AA: adjusted P=0.032 and CC vs AC/AA: adjusted P=0.028; <60 years subgroup: CC vs AA: adjusted P=0.012 and CC vs AC/AA: adjusted P=0.013; and never drinking subgroup: CC vs AA: adjusted P=0.046 and CC vs AC/AA: adjusted P=0.031). The stratified analyses also found that IGF2BP2 rs4402960 G>T polymorphism decreased the risk of NSCLC in some subgroups (female subgroup: TT vs GG: adjusted P=0.031 and TT vs GT/GG: adjusted P=0.026; <60 subgroup: TT vs GG: adjusted P=0.037 and TT vs GT/GG: adjusted P=0.038; and never drinking subgroup: TT vs GT/GG: adjusted P=0.046). Haplotype analysis indicated A_rs1470579C_rs2270628G_rs3110697G_rs4402960A_rs6953668 haplotype decreased susceptibility of NSCLC (P=0.007).

Conclusion

Our study suggests that IGF2BP2 rs1470579 A>C, rs4402960 G>T single-nucleotide polymorphisms are candidates for decreased susceptibility to NSCLC among female, <60 years, and never drinking subgroups. In the future, more case–control studies with functional analysis are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.

Comparison of twelve single-drug regimens for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus

We performed a network meta-analysis to compare the efficacy of 12 single-drug regimens (Glibenclamide, Glimepiride, Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone, Repaglinide, Metformin, Sitaglitin, Exenatide, Liraglutide, Acarbose, Benfluorex, and Glipizide) in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Fifteen relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included; direct and indirect evidence from these studies was combined, and weighted mean difference (WMD) and surface under the cumulative ranking curves (SUCRAs) were examined to evaluate the monotherapies. Liraglutide was more effective than Glimepiride, Pioglitazone, Sitaglitin, Exenatide, and Glipizide at reducing glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. In contrast, Acarbose was less effective than Glibenclamide, Glimepiride, Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone, Repaglinide, Metformin, and Liraglutide at decreasing HbA1c levels. Reductions in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels were similar after all treatments. Rosiglitazone was less effective than Glibenclamide and Repaglinide at reducing total cholesterol (TC) levels. High density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglyceride levels did not differ after treatment with any of the monotherapies. HbA1c and FPG SUCRA values were highest for Liraglutide, while HbA1c and FPG values were lowest for Acarbose, and TC and LDL values were lowest for Rosiglitazone. These results suggest that Liraglutide may be most effective, and Acarbose least effective, at reducing blood glucose levels, while Glibenclamide, Repaglinide, and Metformin may be most effective, and Rosiglitazone least effective, at reducing lipoidemia, in T2DM patients.