1
|
Wang X, Chen Y, Wang Y, Wang B, Zhang J, Jian X. Expression, Regulation, and Role of an Oligopeptide Transporter: PEPT1 in Tumors. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:1596-1605. [PMID: 35546503 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210707170214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
PEPT1 is a vital member of the proton-dependent oligopeptide transporters
family (POTs). Many studies have confirmed that PEPT1 plays a critical role in the absorption
of dipeptides, tripeptides, and pseudopeptides in the intestinal tract. In recent
years, several studies have found that PEPT1 is highly expressed in malignant tumor tissues
and cells. The abnormal expression of PEPT1 in tumors may be closely related to the
progress of tumors, and hence, could be considered as a potential molecular biomarker for
the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis in malignant tumors. Furthermore, PEPT1 can be
used to mediate the targeted delivery of anti-tumor drugs. Herein, the expression, regulation,
and role of PEPT1 in tumors in recent years have been reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute
of Digestive Disease, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin Baodi Hospital/Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin
Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute
of Digestive Disease, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yongjuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second
Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute
of Digestive Disease, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute
of Digestive Disease, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xu Jian
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University
General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bi Y, Li C, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Chen S, Yue Q, Hoover RS, Wang XH, Delpire E, Eaton DC, Zhuang J, Cai H. Stimulatory Role of SPAK Signaling in the Regulation of Large Conductance Ca 2+-Activated Potassium (BK) Channel Protein Expression in Kidney. Front Physiol 2020; 11:638. [PMID: 32714200 PMCID: PMC7343913 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase (SPAK) plays important roles in regulating the function of numerous ion channels and transporters. With-no-lysine (WNK) kinase phosphorylates SPAK kinase to active the SPAK signaling pathway. Our previous studies indicated that WNK kinases regulate the activity of the large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channel and its protein expression via the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. It remains largely unknown whether SPAK kinase directly modulates the BK protein expression in kidney. In this study, we investigated the effect of SPAK on renal BK protein expression in both HEK293 cells and mouse kidney. In HEK293 cells, siRNA-mediated knockdown of SPAK expression significantly reduced BK protein expression and increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation, whereas overexpression of SPAK significantly enhanced BK expression and decreased ERK1/2 phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. Knockdown of ERK1/2 prevented SPAK siRNA-mediated inhibition of BK expression. Similarly, pretreatment of HEK293 cells with either the lysosomal inhibitor bafilomycin A1 or the proteasomal inhibitor MG132 reversed the inhibitory effects of SPAK knockdown on BK expression. We also found that there is no BK channel activity in PCs of CCD in SPAK KO mice using the isolated split-open tubule single-cell patching. In addition, we found that BK protein abundance in the kidney of SPAK knockout mice was significantly decreased and ERK1/2 phosphorylation was significantly enhanced. A high-potassium diet significantly increased BK protein abundance and SPAK phosphorylation levels, while reducing ERK1/2 phosphorylation levels. These findings suggest that SPAK enhances BK protein expression by reducing ERK1/2 signaling-mediated lysosomal and proteasomal degradations of the BK channel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Bi
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital/Yuying Children Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Chunmei Li
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Yiqian Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital/Yuying Children Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yunman Wang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Shan Chen
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Qiang Yue
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Robert S Hoover
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Section of Nephrology, Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Xiaonan H Wang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Eric Delpire
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Douglas C Eaton
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jieqiu Zhuang
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital/Yuying Children Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Section of Nephrology, Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Spanier B, Rohm F. Proton Coupled Oligopeptide Transporter 1 (PepT1) Function, Regulation, and Influence on the Intestinal Homeostasis. Compr Physiol 2018; 8:843-869. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
4
|
Abousaab A, Warsi J, Elvira B, Lang F. Caveolin-1 Sensitivity of Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters EAAT1, EAAT2, EAAT3, and EAAT4. J Membr Biol 2015; 249:239-49. [PMID: 26690923 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-015-9863-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Excitatory amino acid transporters EAAT1 (SLC1A3), EAAT2 (SLC1A2), EAAT3 (SLC1A1), and EAAT4 (SLC1A6) serve to clear L-glutamate from the synaptic cleft and are thus important for the limitation of neuronal excitation. EAAT3 has previously been shown to form complexes with caveolin-1, a major component of caveolae, which participate in the regulation of transport proteins. The present study explored the impact of caveolin-1 on electrogenic transport by excitatory amino acid transporter isoforms EAAT1-4. To this end cRNA encoding EAAT1, EAAT2, EAAT3, or EAAT4 was injected into Xenopus oocytes without or with additional injection of cRNA encoding caveolin-1. The L-glutamate (2 mM)-induced inward current (I Glu) was taken as a measure of glutamate transport. As a result, I Glu was observed in EAAT1-, EAAT2-, EAAT3-, or EAAT4-expressing oocytes but not in water-injected oocytes, and was significantly decreased by coexpression of caveolin-1. Caveolin-1 decreased significantly the maximal transport rate. Treatment of EAATs-expressing oocytes with brefeldin A (5 µM) was followed by a decrease in conductance, which was similar in oocytes expressing EAAT together with caveolin-1 as in oocytes expressing EAAT1-4 alone. Thus, caveolin-1 apparently does not accelerate transporter protein retrieval from the cell membrane. In conclusion, caveolin-1 is a powerful negative regulator of the excitatory glutamate transporters EAAT1, EAAT2, EAAT3, and EAAT4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Abousaab
- Department of Physiology I, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jamshed Warsi
- Department of Physiology I, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernat Elvira
- Department of Physiology I, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology I, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fezai M, Elvira B, Warsi J, Ben-Attia M, Hosseinzadeh Z, Lang F. Up-Regulation of Intestinal Phosphate Transporter NaPi-IIb (SLC34A2) by the Kinases SPAK and OSR1. Kidney Blood Press Res 2015; 40:555-64. [PMID: 26506223 DOI: 10.1159/000368531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS SPAK (SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase) and OSR1 (oxidative stress-responsive kinase 1), kinases controlled by WNK (with-no-K[Lys] kinase), are powerful regulators of cellular ion transport and blood pressure. Observations in gene-targeted mice disclosed an impact of SPAK/OSR1 on phosphate metabolism. The present study thus tested whether SPAK and/or OSR1 contributes to the regulation of the intestinal Na(+)-coupled phosphate co-transporter NaPi-IIb (SLC34A2). METHODS cRNA encoding NaPi-IIb was injected into Xenopus laevis oocytes without or with additional injection of cRNA encoding wild-type SPAK, constitutively active (T233E)SPAK, WNK insensitive (T233A)SPAK, catalytically inactive (D212A)SPAK, wild-type OSR1, constitutively active (T185E)OSR1, WNK insensitive (T185A)OSR1 or catalytically inactive (D164A)OSR1. The phosphate (1 mM)-induced inward current (I(Pi)) was taken as measure of phosphate transport. RESULTS I(Pi) was observed in NaPi-IIb expressing oocytes but not in water injected oocytes, and was significantly increased by co-expression of SPAK, (T233E)SPAK, OSR1, (T185E)OSR1 or SPAK+OSR1, but not by co-expression of (T233A)SPAK, (D212A)SPAK, (T185A)OSR1, or (D164A)OSR1. SPAK and OSR1 both increased the maximal transport rate of the carrier. CONCLUSIONS SPAK and OSR1 are powerful stimulators of the intestinal Na+-coupled phosphate co-transporter NaPi-IIb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Fezai
- Department of Physiology I, University of Tx00FC;bingen, Tx00FC;bingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abousaab A, Warsi J, Elvira B, Alesutan I, Hoseinzadeh Z, Lang F. Down-Regulation of Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters EAAT1 and EAAT2 by the Kinases SPAK and OSR1. J Membr Biol 2015; 248:1107-19. [PMID: 26233565 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-015-9826-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
SPAK (SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase) and OSR1 (oxidative stress-responsive kinase 1) are cell volume-sensitive kinases regulated by WNK (with-no-K[Lys]) kinases. SPAK/OSR1 regulate several channels and carriers. SPAK/OSR1 sensitive functions include neuronal excitability. Orchestration of neuronal excitation involves the excitatory glutamate transporters EAAT1 and EAAT2. Sensitivity of those carriers to SPAK/OSR1 has never been shown. The present study thus explored whether SPAK and/or OSR1 contribute to the regulation of EAAT1 and/or EAAT2. To this end, cRNA encoding EAAT1 or EAAT2 was injected into Xenopus oocytes without or with additional injection of cRNA encoding wild-type SPAK or wild-type OSR1, constitutively active (T233E)SPAK, WNK insensitive (T233A)SPAK, catalytically inactive (D212A)SPAK, constitutively active (T185E)OSR1, WNK insensitive (T185A)OSR1 or catalytically inactive (D164A)OSR1. The glutamate (2 mM)-induced inward current (I Glu) was taken as a measure of glutamate transport. As a result, I Glu was observed in EAAT1- and in EAAT2-expressing oocytes but not in water-injected oocytes, and was significantly decreased by coexpression of SPAK and OSR1. As shown for EAAT2, SPAK, and OSR1 decreased significantly the maximal transport rate but significantly enhanced the affinity of the carrier. The effect of wild-type SPAK/OSR1 on EAAT1 and EAAT2 was mimicked by (T233E)SPAK and (T185E)OSR1, but not by (T233A)SPAK, (D212A)SPAK, (T185A)OSR1, or (D164A)OSR1. Coexpression of either SPAK or OSR1 decreased the EAAT2 protein abundance in the cell membrane of EAAT2-expressing oocytes. In conclusion, SPAK and OSR1 are powerful negative regulators of the excitatory glutamate transporters EAAT1 and EAAT2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Abousaab
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jamshed Warsi
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernat Elvira
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ioana Alesutan
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Zohreh Hoseinzadeh
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Borrás J, Salker MS, Elvira B, Warsi J, Fezai M, Hoseinzadeh Z, Lang F. SPAK and OSR1 Sensitivity of Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter EAAT3. Nephron Clin Pract 2015; 130:221-8. [PMID: 26112741 DOI: 10.1159/000433567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Kinases involved in the regulation of epithelial transport include SPAK (SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase) and OSR1 (oxidative stress-responsive kinase 1). SPAK and OSR1 are both regulated by WNK (with-no-K(Lys)) kinases. The present study explored whether SPAK and/or OSR1 influence the excitatory amino acid transporter EAAT3, which accomplishes glutamate and aspartate transport in kidney, intestine and brain. METHODS cRNA encoding EAAT3 was injected into Xenopus laevis oocytes with or without additional injection of cRNA encoding wild-type SPAK, constitutively active (T233E)SPAK, WNK insensitive (T233A)SPAK, catalytically inactive (D212A)SPAK, wild-type OSR1, constitutively active (T185E)OSR1, WNK insensitive (T185A)OSR1 and catalytically inactive (D164A)OSR1. Glutamate-induced current was taken as measure of electrogenic glutamate transport and was quantified utilizing dual electrode voltage clamp. Furthermore, Ussing chamber was employed to determine glutamate transport in the intestine from gene-targeted mice carrying WNK insensitive SPAK (spak(tg/tg)) and from corresponding wild-type mice (spak(+/+)). RESULTS EAAT3 activity was significantly decreased by wild-type SPAK and (T233E)SPAK, but not by (T233A)SPAK and (D212A)SPAK. SPAK decreased maximal transport rate without affecting significantly affinity of the carrier. Similarly, EAAT3 activity was significantly downregulated by wild-type OSR1 and (T185E)OSR1, but not by (T185A)OSR1 and (D164A)OSR1. Again OSR1 decreased maximal transport rate without affecting significantly affinity of the carrier. Intestinal electrogenic glutamate transport was significantly lower in spak(+/+) than in spak(tg/tg) mice. CONCLUSION Both, SPAK and OSR1 are negative regulators of EAAT3 activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Borrás
- Department of Physiology I, University of Tübingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Warsi J, Elvira B, Bissinger R, Hosseinzadeh Z, Lang F. Regulation of Voltage-Gated K+ Channel Kv1.5 by the Janus Kinase JAK3. J Membr Biol 2015; 248:1061-70. [PMID: 26100849 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-015-9817-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) participates in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. The kinase further influences ion channels and transport proteins. The present study explored whether JAK3 contributes to the regulation of the voltage-gated K(+) channel Kv1.5, which participates in the regulation of diverse functions including atrial cardiac action potential and tumor cell proliferation. To this end, cRNA encoding Kv1.5 was injected into Xenopus oocytes with or without additional injection of cRNA encoding wild-type JAK3, constitutively active (A568V)JAK3, or inactive (K851A)JAK3. Voltage-gated K(+) channel activity was measured utilizing dual electrode voltage clamp, and Kv1.5 channel protein abundance in the cell membrane was quantified utilizing chemiluminescence of Kv1.5 containing an extracellular hemagglutinin epitope (Kv1.5-HA). As a result, Kv1.5 activity and Kv1.5-HA protein abundance were significantly decreased by wild-type JAK3 and (A568V)JAK3, but not by (K851A)JAK3. Inhibition of Kv1.5 protein insertion into the cell membrane by brefeldin A (5 μM) resulted in a decline of the voltage-gated current, which was similar in the absence and presence of (A568V)JAK3, suggesting that (A568V)JAK3 did not accelerate Kv1.5 protein retrieval from the cell membrane. A 24 h treatment with ouabain (100 µM) significantly decreased the voltage-gated current in oocytes expressing Kv1.5 without or with (A568V)JAK3 and dissipated the difference between oocytes expressing Kv1.5 alone and oocytes expressing Kv1.5 with (A568V)JAK3. In conclusion, JAK3 contributes to the regulation of membrane Kv1.5 protein abundance and activity, an effect sensitive to ouabain and thus possibly involving Na(+)/K(+) ATPase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamshed Warsi
- Department of Physiology I, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernat Elvira
- Department of Physiology I, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rosi Bissinger
- Department of Physiology I, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Zohreh Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Physiology I, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology I, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
USP18 Sensitivity of Peptide Transporters PEPT1 and PEPT2. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129365. [PMID: 26046984 PMCID: PMC4457862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
USP18 (Ubiquitin-like specific protease 18) is an enzyme cleaving ubiquitin from target proteins. USP18 plays a pivotal role in antiviral and antibacterial immune responses. On the other hand, ubiquitination participates in the regulation of several ion channels and transporters. USP18 sensitivity of transporters has, however, never been reported. The present study thus explored, whether USP18 modifies the activity of the peptide transporters PEPT1 and PEPT2, and whether the peptide transporters are sensitive to the ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2. To this end, cRNA encoding PEPT1 or PEPT2 was injected into Xenopus laevis oocytes without or with additional injection of cRNA encoding USP18. Electrogenic peptide (glycine-glycine) transport was determined by dual electrode voltage clamp. As a result, in Xenopus laevis oocytes injected with cRNA encoding PEPT1 or PEPT2, but not in oocytes injected with water or with USP18 alone, application of the dipeptide gly-gly (2 mM) was followed by the appearance of an inward current (Igly-gly). Coexpression of USP18 significantly increased Igly-gly in both PEPT1 and PEPT2 expressing oocytes. Kinetic analysis revealed that coexpression of USP18 increased maximal Igly-gly. Conversely, overexpression of the ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2 decreased Igly-gly. Coexpression of USP30 similarly increased Igly-gly in PEPT1 expressing oocytes. In conclusion, USP18 sensitive cellular functions include activity of the peptide transporters PEPT1 and PEPT2.
Collapse
|