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Cansino S, Torres-Trejo F, Estrada-Manilla C, Ruiz Velasco S. Metamemory Mediates the Effects of Age on Episodic and Working Memory across the Adult Lifespan. Exp Aging Res 2024; 50:65-83. [PMID: 36511613 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2022.2158004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have examined the direct relationship between metamemory and memory performance in young and older adults, but the results of these studies have been inconsistent. Therefore, we examined whether metamemory mediates the effects of age on memory performance. METHODS We examined episodic memory and working memory through computerized tasks performed by a lifespan sample of 1554 healthy adults. Seven metamemory traits were measured with the Metamemory in Adulthood (MIA) questionnaire. Separate structural equation modeling analyses were conducted to investigate potential metamemory mediators that intervened between age and the accuracy and speed of accessing information from episodic and working memory. RESULTS The use of internal or external strategies mediated the effects of age on episodic memory and spatial working memory performance. The perception of one's own memory capacity and the experience of anxiety when using memory functions mediated the effects of age on working memory performance in both domains. CONCLUSIONS Metamemory traits have the power to strengthen or weaken the course of episodic and working memory decline throughout adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Cansino
- Laboratory of NeuroCognition, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Frine Torres-Trejo
- Laboratory of NeuroCognition, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cinthya Estrada-Manilla
- Laboratory of NeuroCognition, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvia Ruiz Velasco
- Department of Probability and Statistics, Applied Mathematics and Systems Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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2
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Gómez-Soria I, Cuenca-Zaldívar JN, Rodriguez-Roca B, Subirón-Valera AB, Salavera C, Marcén-Román Y, Andrade-Gómez E, Calatayud E. Cognitive Effects of a Cognitive Stimulation Programme on Trained Domains in Older Adults with Subjective Memory Complaints: Randomised Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3636. [PMID: 36834329 PMCID: PMC9967658 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Age-related subjective memory complaints (SMC) are a common concern among older adults. However, little is known about the effects of cognitive stimulation (CS) interventions on subjective memory complaints. The aim of this study was to analyse the effectiveness of a CS programme on global cognition and cognitive functions of older adults with SMC. A randomised clinical trial was conducted on older adults with SMC, including 308 participants ≥65 years of age assessed 6 and 12 months after the intervention. The assessment instrument was the Spanish version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MEC-35), and all domains of the instrument were assessed. For statistical analysis, the data were analysed using robust ANOVA with means truncated at 20% utilising a two-way repeated measures model, with between (groups) and within (measurements) factors. In post hoc tests, a Wilcoxon signed-rank test of exact permutations between groups and Bonferroni correction were applied. In post hoc between-group tests, significant differences were found: (1) post-treatment in MEC-35, temporal orientation, short-term memory (STM), global language and praxis, and language and praxis (p ≤ 0.005); (2) at 6 months in MEC-35, global orientation, temporal orientation, and STM (p = 0.005); (3) at 12 months in MEC-35, global orientation, temporal orientation, STM, global language and praxis, and language (p = 0.005). This study shows benefits in global cognition and orientation, temporal orientation, STM, and language in older adults with SMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Gómez-Soria
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan Nicolás Cuenca-Zaldívar
- Grupo de Investigación en Fisioterapia y Dolor, Departamento de Enfermería y Fisioterapia, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Research Group in Nursing and Health Care, Puerta de Hierro Health Research Institute-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), 28222 Majadahonda, Spain
- Physical Therapy Unit, Primary Health Care Center “El Abajón”, Las Rozas de Madrid, 28231 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Carlos Salavera
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, Education Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Yolanda Marcén-Román
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elena Andrade-Gómez
- Department of Nursing, University of La Rioja, La Rioja, 26004 Logroño, Spain
| | - Estela Calatayud
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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3
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Parisi JM, Sharifian N, Rebok GW, Aiken-Morgan AT, Gross AL, Zahodne LB. Subjective memory, objective memory, and race over a 10-year period: Findings from the ACTIVE study. Psychol Aging 2021; 36:572-583. [PMID: 34351184 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The longitudinal associations between subjective and objective memory functioning in later life remain unclear. This may be due, in part, to sociodemographic differences across studies, given the hypothesis that these associations differ across racial groups. Using data from the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly (ACTIVE; N = 2,694; 26% African American), multiple-group, parallel-process latent growth curve models were used to explore relationships between subjective and objective memory over 10 years and assess racial differences in these associations. Across African Americans and whites, we found bidirectional associations between subjective and objective memory such that greater self-reported forgetting at baseline predicted faster subsequent verbal episodic memory declines, and higher baseline objective memory scores predicted less increase in self-reported forgetting over time. However, rates of change in self-reported frequency of forgetting were correlated with rates of change in verbal episodic memory in whites, but not in African Americans. Subjective memory complaints may be a harbinger of future memory declines across African Americans and whites but may not track with objective memory in the same way across these racial groups. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanine M Parisi
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University
| | | | - George W Rebok
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University
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4
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Nelson A, Gavelin HM, Boraxbekk CJ, Eskilsson T, Josefsson M, Slunga Järvholm L, Neely AS. Subjective cognitive complaints in patients with stress-related exhaustion disorder: a cross sectional study. BMC Psychol 2021; 9:84. [PMID: 34006315 PMCID: PMC8132387 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00576-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stress-related exhaustion is associated with cognitive impairment as measured by both subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) and objective cognitive test performance. This study aimed to examine how patients diagnosed with exhaustion disorder differ from healthy control participants in regard to levels and type of SCCs, and if SCCs are associated with cognitive test performance and psychological distress. Methods We compared a group of patients with stress-related exhaustion disorder (n = 103, female = 88) with matched healthy controls (n = 58, female = 47) cross-sectionally, concerning the type and magnitude of self-reported SCCs. We furthermore explored the association between SCCs and cognitive test performance as well as with self-reported depression, anxiety and burnout levels, in the patient and the control group, respectively. Results Patients reported considerably more cognitive failures and were more likely than controls to express memory failures in situations providing few external cues and reminders in the environment. In both groups, SCCs were associated with demographic and psychological factors, and not with cognitive test performance. Conclusion Our findings underline the high burden of cognitive problems experienced by patients with exhaustion disorder, particularly in executively demanding tasks without external cognitive support. From a clinical perspective, SCCs and objective cognitive test performance may measure different aspects of cognitive functioning, and external cognitive aids could be of value in stress rehabilitation. Trial registration Participants were recruited as part of the Rehabilitation for Improved Cognition (RECO) study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03073772). Date of registration: 8 March 2017 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40359-021-00576-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Nelson
- Department of Social and Psychological Studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden. .,Department of Anaesthesiology, Central Hospital of Karlstad, Karlstad, Region Värmland, Sweden.
| | - Hanna Malmberg Gavelin
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC), Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager and Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Therese Eskilsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section for Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maria Josefsson
- Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Statistics Umeå, University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lisbeth Slunga Järvholm
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section for Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Stigsdotter Neely
- Department of Social and Psychological Studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.,Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.,Department of Health, Education and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
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5
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Chen X, Farrell ME, Rundle MM, Chan MY, Moore W, Wig GS, Park DC. The relationship of functional hippocampal activity, amyloid deposition, and longitudinal memory decline to memory complaints in cognitively healthy older adults. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 105:318-326. [PMID: 34147860 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated whether self-reports of worse cognition in older adults with normal cognitive function reflected actual memory decline, amyloid pathology, and subtle vulnerabilities in hippocampal function. We measured subjective cognitive decline (SCD) in 156 older participants from the Dallas Lifespan Brain Study. Functional hippocampal activation during encoding, measured with fMRI, and longitudinal memory change that was measured in the four years preceding the SCD measures were used to predict the magnitude of SCD. A subsample (N=105) also underwent 18F-Florbetapir PET imaging that measured amyloid burden. Results showed that increased SCD were associated with greater prior memory decline and amyloid deposition. Importantly, decreased hippocampal activation during encoding was a significant predictor of SCD, particularly in young-old adults below 69 years old, above and beyond prior memory change and amyloid deposition. These results indicate that multiple measures of neural and cognitive dysfunction are simultaneously associated with SCD. Moreover, SCD in younger seniors appears to reflect deficient hippocampal activity that increases their reports of poorer memory, independent of amyloid. This manuscript is part of the Special Issue entitled "Cognitive Neuroscience of Healthy and Pathological Aging" edited by Drs. M. N. Rajah, S. Belleville, and R. Cabeza. This article is part of the Virtual Special Issue titled COGNITIVE NEU-ROSCIENCE OF HEALTHY AND PATHOLOGICAL AGING. The full issue can be found on ScienceDirect at https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/neurobiology-of-aging/special-issue/105379XPWJP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA; Present affiliation: Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA; Present affiliation: Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Michelle E Farrell
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA; Present affiliation: Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Melissa M Rundle
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
| | - Micaela Y Chan
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
| | - William Moore
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Gagan S Wig
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Denise C Park
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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6
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Mogle J, Hill NL, Bell TR, Bhargava S, Bratlee-Whitaker E. The Factor Structure of Items Assessing Subjective Memory: Between-Persons and Within-Persons across Time. Gerontology 2021; 67:357-364. [PMID: 33706325 DOI: 10.1159/000513728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current understanding of the psychometric properties of items intended to assess the multidimensional construct of subjective memory (SM) is limited, as longitudinal studies of aging commonly use single items or brief sets of items to assess SM. Investigating how SM items cluster within individuals over time would increase the understanding of how combining these items impacts their utility as an early indicator of cognitive change in the aging trajectory. To address this need, the current study examined the factor structure of a brief set of SM items in an existing longitudinal study focused on cognitive aging at both the within-person and between-person levels. METHODS Data were drawn from the Einstein Aging Study, a longitudinal cohort study of aging (N = 1,239, Mage = 77.51, SD = 5.03; 69.50% white; 24.27% black; 6.23% other). Community-dwelling older adults from an urban area of New York City were interviewed annually. At each wave, participants responded to 6 items intended to assess SM. Items assessed participants' perceived memory decline as well as current memory ability. Multilevel exploratory factor analyses examined which factor solution best fit the data at between-person and within-person levels. RESULTS Factor structure of the SM items varied at the two levels. At the within-person level, two factors emerged, whereas at the between-person level, a single factor best represented the SM items. Items assessing perceived declines in memory functioning tended to have similar trajectories, while items assessing current memory ability were less related to change over time. CONCLUSION Items appeared to assess two different dimensions of SM when examining within-person changes in SM across time; however, the item structure suggested no other items covaried systematically within persons over time. In contrast to the conceptualization of SM as a multidimensional construct, our findings suggest that when measuring SM between individuals, SM items tend to capture a single dimension underlying SM. This may be due to the long retrospection period of items assessing perceived memory ability. A single item assessing perceived memory decline in older adults without evidence of objective cognitive impairment may be sufficient to monitor memory change in clinical or research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Mogle
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA,
| | - Nikki L Hill
- College of Nursing, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tyler Reed Bell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sakshi Bhargava
- College of Nursing, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emily Bratlee-Whitaker
- College of Nursing, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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7
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Schütz H, Caspers S, Moebus S, Lux S. Prevalence and psychosocial correlates of subjectively perceived decline in five cognitive domains: Results from a population-based cohort study in Germany. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2020; 35:1219-1227. [PMID: 32510658 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) was frequently investigated for memory in healthy aging or in relation to diseases like dementia. It was found to be related to sociodemographic and psychological variables as well as cognitive abilities. The prevalence of SCD in other cognitive domains and their relation to these variables is largely unknown to date. The present study aimed to fill this gap. METHODS A total of 807 subjects (18-85 years of age, M = 57.8 years, female: 43%) completed the Juelich Questionnaire on Subjective Cognitive Decline, to investigate SCD in memory, attention, language, motor, and executive functions. Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate association of depressive symptomatology, emotionality, and general cognitive performance as well as age, gender, and educational attainment with domain-specific SCD. RESULTS The highest prevalence rate was obtained for the memory domain (65.9%), followed by the attention (54.6%), motor (52.9%), executive (39.7%), and language domain (31.5%). Of the psychosocial factors, only age, depressive symptomatology and emotionality were consistently and strongly associated with domain-specific SCD prevalence. CONCLUSIONS SCD is prevalent not only in the memory domain, but also in other major cognitive domains. Our results also suggest that the suspicion from previous research, that subjective memory decline might be more strongly associated with depressive symptomatology and emotionality than with actual decline of cognitive performance, might also apply to the attention, motor, executive, and language domain. Further investigations using neuropsychological testing for specific cognitive functions and employing longitudinal designs are required for substantiating this suspicion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Schütz
- Research Center Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-8, Jülich, Germany
| | - Svenja Caspers
- Research Center Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-1, Jülich, Germany.,Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute for Urban Public Health, University Hospitals, University Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Silke Lux
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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McDonough IM, McDougall GJ, LaRocca M, Dalmida SG, Arheart KL. Refining the metamemory in adulthood questionnaire: a 20-item version of change and capacity designed for research and clinical settings. Aging Ment Health 2020; 24:1054-1063. [PMID: 30957531 PMCID: PMC6779492 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2019.1594160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Subjective memory concerns (SMCs) might be an early indicator of future cognitive decline and conversion to dementia. However, a rich history of mixed findings, moderating factors, and heterogenous methods preclude the usefulness of SMCs in both research and clinical settings. The present study aimed to review some of the factors that might cause mixed results and propose a revised version the Metamemory in Adulthood (MIA) Questionnaire that can be easily implemented to more consistently derive estimates of SMCs.Method: We used factor analysis and regression to investigate the utility of a revised 20-item version of the MIA Change and Capacity subscales.Results: Based on two samples of older adults (N = 382 and N = 221), the revised scale showed strong internal reliability and a two-factor structure. Regression analyses supported the incremental validity of the MIA-Revised Change scale in predicting performance on the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test.Conclusions: By establishing a revised version of a well-known and previously validated questionnaire to assess SMCs, research and clinics can better implement a psychometrically sound measure quickly and easily. Moreover, the revised Change and Capacity subscales provide sufficient divergence to be sensitive to different facets of SMCs in a community dwelling older adult sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M. McDonough
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA,Alabama Research Institute on Aging, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Michael LaRocca
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, War Related Illness & Injury Study Center, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Safiya G. Dalmida
- College of Nursing, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Kristopher L. Arheart
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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Ober BA, Shenaut GK, Taylor SL. Effects of Hormone Therapy on List and Story Recall in Post-Menopausal Women. Exp Aging Res 2019; 45:199-222. [PMID: 31021713 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2019.1609169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background/Study Context: A number of longitudinal randomized controlled trials (LRCT) have used free verbal recall tests to study the effects of post-menopausal estrogen hormone therapy (HT) on episodic memory, but none have explicitly explored contrasts between list and story recall, in spite of cognitive differences between the tasks. For example, list recall provides little support for the use of gist, while story recall emphasizes it, and there is evidence that estrogen produces gist bias. Moreover, we present a literature tabulation that also suggests a task-specific HT effect. METHODS In an LRCT with up to eight yearly test sessions, post-menopausal women were randomly assigned either to placebo (N = 56) or to an estrogen formulation (N = 44); subgroups received either estrogen alone (hysterectomy; E-alone; N = 16) or with progestin (intact uterus; E + P; N = 28). Participants were tested on the immediate and delayed list and story recall at each session. RESULTS Linear mixed effects analyses of longitudinal trajectories showed that relative to placebo, the HT group declined significantly faster on immediate list recall and slower on immediate story recall. Separate analyses produced a sharpened version of this pattern for the E-alone subgroup but found no significant effects for the E + P subgroup. No significant effects were found in delayed testing. CONCLUSION The dissociation we found for immediate list and story recall is similar to the pattern of results in our literature tabulation. Fuzzy-Trace Theory posits parallel verbatim and gist traces plus a meta-cognitive review which becomes more gist-biased with age. Our results suggest that: (1) estrogen increases gist bias, hastening the normal age-related decline of list recall but slowing the decline of story recall relative to placebo; (2) decay of the verbatim trace over time generally causes a shift to gist, thereby accounting for the absence of a delayed recall difference; and (3) progestin weakens the effects of estrogen, thereby accounting for why the dissociation found in E-alone was absent in the E + P subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A Ober
- a Human Development and Family Studies, Department of Human Ecology , University of California , Davis , USA
| | - Gregory K Shenaut
- a Human Development and Family Studies, Department of Human Ecology , University of California , Davis , USA
| | - Sandra L Taylor
- b Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine , University of California , Davis , USA
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10
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Nostro AD, Müller VI, Reid AT, Eickhoff SB. Correlations Between Personality and Brain Structure: A Crucial Role of Gender. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:3698-3712. [PMID: 27390020 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that males and females differ in personality and gender differences have also been reported in brain structure. However, effects of gender on this "personality-brain" relationship are yet unknown. We therefore investigated if the neural correlates of personality differ between males and females. Whole brain voxel-based morphometry was used to investigate the influence of gender on associations between NEO FFI personality traits and gray matter volume (GMV) in a matched sample of 182 males and 182 females. In order to assess associations independent of and dependent on gender, personality-GMV relationships were tested across the entire sample and separately for males and females. There were no significant correlations between any personality scale and GMV in the analyses across the entire sample. In contrast, significant associations with GMV were detected for neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness only in males. Interestingly, GMV in left precuneus/parieto-occipital sulcus correlated with all 3 traits. Thus, our results indicate that brain structure-personality relationships are highly dependent on gender, which might be attributable to hormonal interplays or differences in brain organization between males and females. Our results thus provide possible neural substrates of personality-behavior relationships and underline the important role of gender in these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra D Nostro
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Veronika I Müller
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Andrew T Reid
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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11
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Bowen CE, Kessler EM, Segler J. Dementia worry in middle-aged and older adults in Germany: sociodemographic, health-related and psychological correlates. Eur J Ageing 2018; 16:39-52. [PMID: 30886559 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-018-0462-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
"Dementia worry" (DW; i.e., concern about developing dementia) is highly prevalent in the general population. However, research on the characteristics associated with lower and higher levels of DW is still limited. Based on previous empirical and conceptual work, we examined the extent to which DW was related to a comprehensive range of objective and subjective characteristics (sociodemographics, contact with people with dementia, physical health-related risk factors, well-being/psychological distress, aging self-perceptions, social-cognitive health beliefs about dementia). A convenience sample of N = 219 German adults 40 + years (M = 65.50 years, SD = 11.34; 40-94 years) reporting no dementia or cognitive impairment diagnosis completed questionnaires. We improved upon previous research by using a ten-item scale to measure DW. We used bivariate correlations and multivariate regression to examine the extent to which DW was related to the potential concomitants. 41.1% of the participants indicated DW. Together, the predictor variables explained 53.3% of the variance in DW. DW was related to psychological distress, perceived memory change, aging anxiety, and personal risk perception in both the bivariate and multivariate analyses. There was a quadratic (reverse U shape) relationship between age and DW. Physical health-related risk factors were not related to DW. Our findings suggest that DW represents a hybrid of psychological distress, aging self-perceptions, and a specific type of health concern. Healthcare practitioners should consider a person's psychological characteristics when deciding how to intervene when someone indicates moderate or high DW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Bowen
- 1MSB Medical School Berlin, Calandrellistrasse 1-9, 12247 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva-Marie Kessler
- 1MSB Medical School Berlin, Calandrellistrasse 1-9, 12247 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Segler
- 2Zentrum für Kinder-und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 153, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Longitudinal Assessment of Self- and Informant-Subjective Cognitive Complaints in a Sample of Healthy Late-Middle Aged Adults Enriched with a Family History of Alzheimer's Disease. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2017; 23:617-626. [PMID: 28693655 PMCID: PMC5754023 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617717000509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the longitudinal trajectory of self- and informant-subjective cognitive complaints (SCC), and to determine if SCC predict longitudinal changes in objective measures (OM) of cognitive function. METHODS The study included healthy and cognitively normal late middle-aged adults enriched with a family history of AD who were evaluated at up to three visits over a 4-year period. At each visit (Visit 1-3), self- and informant-SCC and OM were evaluated. Linear mixed models were used to determine if the longitudinal rate of change of self- and informant-SCC were associated with demographic variables, depressive symptoms, family history (FH), and apolipoprotein epsilon 4 (APOE4) status. The same modeling approach was used to examine the effect of Visit 1 SCC on longitudinal cognitive change after controlling for the same variables. RESULTS At Visit 1, more self-SCC were associated with fewer years of education and more depressive symptoms. SCC were also associated with poorer performance on cognitive measures, such that more self-SCC at Visit 1 were associated with poorer performance on memory and executive functioning measures at Visit 1, while more informant-SCC were associated with faster rate of longitudinal decline on a measure of episodic learning and memory. FH and APOE4 status were not associated with SCC. DISCUSSION Self- and informant-SCC showed an association with OM, albeit over different time frames in our late middle-aged sample. Additional longitudinal follow-up will likely assist in further clarifying these relationships as our sample ages and more pronounced cognitive changes eventually emerge. (JINS, 2017, 23, 617-626).
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Laforest S, Lorthios-Guilledroit A, Nour K, Parisien M, Fournier M, Ellemberg D, Guay D, Desgagn�s-Cyr C�, Bier N. Attitudes and lifestyle changes following Jog your Mind: results from a multi-factorial community-based program promoting cognitive vitality among seniors. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2017; 32:184-196. [PMID: 28334988 PMCID: PMC5914362 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyx031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effects on attitudes and lifestyle behavior of Jog your Mind, a multi-factorial community-based program promoting cognitive vitality among seniors with no known cognitive impairment. A quasi-experimental study was conducted. Twenty-three community organizations were assigned either to the experimental group (offering the program) or to the control group (creating a waiting list). They recruited 294 community-dwelling seniors. The aims of the study were to verify the effects of the program on attitudes and behaviors related to cognitive vitality and to explore its effects on cognitive vitality. Data was collected at baseline and after the program. Regression analyses revealed that, following their participation in the program, experimental group participants reported: (i) in terms of attitudes, having a greater feeling of control concerning their cognitive capacities, (ii) in terms of behaviors, using significantly more memory strategies and practicing more physical activity and stimulating activities than control group participants. However, the program had no significant effects on measures of cognitive vitality. This study supports the fact that a multi-factorial community-based program can have significant effects on seniors' attitudes and lifestyle behaviors related to cognitive vitality but at short term, no effects on cognitive vitality it-self were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Laforest
- Department of Kinesiology, Universit� de Montr�al, Montr�al, Qu�bec, H3C 3J7, Canada
- Universit� de Montr�al Public Health Research Institute (IRSPUM), Montr�al, Qu�bec, H3C 3J7, Canada
- Centre for Research and Expertise in Social Gerontology (CREG�S), Integrated Health and Social Services University Network for West-Central Montreal, C�te St-Luc, Qu�bec, H4W 2T5, Canada
| | - Agathe Lorthios-Guilledroit
- Centre for Research and Expertise in Social Gerontology (CREG�S), Integrated Health and Social Services University Network for West-Central Montreal, C�te St-Luc, Qu�bec, H4W 2T5, Canada
| | - Kareen Nour
- Direction de Sant� Publique de la Mont�r�gie, CISSS Mont�r�gie-Centre, Longueuil, Qu�bec, J4K 2M3, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Universit� de Montr�al, Montr�al, Qu�bec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Manon Parisien
- Centre for Research and Expertise in Social Gerontology (CREG�S), Integrated Health and Social Services University Network for West-Central Montreal, C�te St-Luc, Qu�bec, H4W 2T5, Canada
| | - Michel Fournier
- Direction R�gionale de Sant� Publique, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'�le-de-Montr�al, Montr�al, Qu�bec, H2L 1M3, Canada
| | - Dave Ellemberg
- Department of Kinesiology, Universit� de Montr�al, Montr�al, Qu�bec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Danielle Guay
- Centre for Research and Expertise in Social Gerontology (CREG�S), Integrated Health and Social Services University Network for West-Central Montreal, C�te St-Luc, Qu�bec, H4W 2T5, Canada
| | | | - Nathalie Bier
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Universit� de Montr�al, Montr�al, Qu�bec, H3C 3J7, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de g�riatrie de Montr�al, 4545, Queen-Mary Road, Montr�al, Qu�bec, H3W 1W5, Canada
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Hülür G, Gerstorf D. Editorial: subjective perceptions of memory functioning in old age - nature, correlates, and developmental trajectories. Gerontology 2015; 61:218-22. [PMID: 25790841 DOI: 10.1159/000371757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Subjective memory complaints are often used as diagnostic criteria for several neurocognitive disorders. Although a number of studies have examined subjective memory and its associations with memory functioning in adulthood and old age, it is still an open question whether subjective perceptions of one's memory indicate actual memory functioning or whether they are rather derived from factors other than memory, such as depressive symptoms. The studies in this special section examine subjective perceptions of memory functioning and their associations with objectively measured memory performance in general and in clinical populations. The four articles adopt cross-sectional and longitudinal methodologies and offer key insights into the nature, correlates, and developmental trajectories of subjective memory. To begin with, the studies compiled in this special section demonstrate that changes in subjective memory perceptions are indeed associated with changes in memory performance [Zimprich and Kurtz, this issue, pp. 223-231], but the size of associations between levels of and changes in subjective memory and memory performance is in part modulated by personality characteristics and depressive symptoms [Hülür et al., this issue, pp. 232-240]. Second, the studies compiled here show that factors other than memory are also closely associated with memory perceptions, including functional health as well as domain-general and health-specific control beliefs [Luszcz et al., this issue, pp. 241-250]. Third, the study by Thompson et al. [this issue, pp. 251-257] shows that self- and informant-reports of retrospective and prospective memory difficulties are not associated with performance-based measures and does not sufficiently differentiate between healthy controls and patients diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment or dementia. In our editorial, we put these findings in perspective and discuss implications for research and practice. To extend our knowledge, we conclude by outlining two key avenues for future research: (i) longitudinal multivariate studies of the construct space surrounding subjective memory and (ii) the viability of experience sampling studies with daily or hourly measurements to tackle some of the mechanisms underlying these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Hülür
- Institute of Psychology, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
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