M235T polymorphism in the AGT gene and A/G(I8-83) substitution in the REN gene correlate with end-stage renal disease

Interaction of renin-angiotensin system gene polymorphisms with hypertension in Chinese patients with type 1 diabetes and retinopathy

Background

The objective of this research was to investigate the interaction of RAS gene polymorphisms in Chinese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods

Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes and genotyping for the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene I/D and angiotensinogen (AGT) gene M/T polymorphisms was performed using the polymerase chain reaction method. 311 T1DM patients were recruited for the assessment of ACE and AGT polymorphisms relating to DR.

Results

Compared with the diabetic non-retinopathy (DNR) patients, DR patients had lower proportion of diabetic nephropathy (p<0.001) and M allele (p=0.013). Intriguingly, the frequency D allele (p=0.035) was lower in DR patients with hypertension, as well as DD (p=0.003) and DI genotype (p=0.012) in DR patients with normal blood pressure after multiple tests with Bonferroni correction, but D allele (p=0.025) displayed higher in normotensive patients with T1DM. Logistic regression analyses indicated that no significant relationship existed about the genotype and allele polymorphisms with the progress of DR after adjusting for confounding factors.

Conclusions

Interaction of hypertension and the RAS gene polymorphisms might have a role in the DR development in Chinese T1DM patients.

Angiotensin II receptor type 1 A1166C modifies the association between angiotensinogen M235T and chronic kidney disease

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in renin-angiotensin system (RAS) genes are associated with RAS imbalance and chronic kidney disease (CKD). We performed a case-control study and meta-analysis to investigate the association between angiotensinogen (AGT) M235T polymorphism and CKD. A total of 634 patients with end-stage renal disease and 739 healthy controls were studied. We also searched PubMed and the Cochrane Library to identify prospective observational studies published before December 2015. We found that the TT and MT genotypes were associated with a higher risk of CKD than the MM genotype (odds ratio [OR]: 3.56; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14-11.16 and OR: 2.93; 95% CI: 0.91-9.46, respectively). Thirty-eight study populations were included in the meta-analysis. The T allele was associated with a higher risk of CKD than the M allele in all populations (OR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.08-1.32). The OR was 1.33 in Asians (95% CI: 1.06-1.67) and 1.10 in Caucasians (95% CI: 1.02-1.18). Evaluation of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions using epistasis analysis revealed an interaction between AGT M235T and angiotensin II receptor type 1 A1166C in CKD (OR: 0.767; 95% CI: 0.609-0.965). Genetic testing for CKD in high-risk individuals may be an effective strategy for CKD prevention.

Association of Polymorphisms in Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthesis and Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System with Developing of Coronary Artery Disease in Bulgarian Patients

AIM

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of common polymorphisms in endothelial nitric oxide synthesis (eNOS; G894T) and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (angiotensin converting enzyme [ACE]-I/D, angiotensinogen-T704C, and angiotensin II receptor type 1-A1166C) as risk factors in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) in Bulgarian patients.

METHODS

This study included 171 patients with CAD and 123 control subjects. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used for studying the single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Statistical analysis was performed using statistical software PASW for Windows.

RESULTS

A significantly higher percentage of the eNOS T894 allele was found in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), compared to controls (p = 0.006) and patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP, p = 0.005). Results from a binary regression analysis suggested that eNOS T allele and ACE D allele carriers were more likely to develop ACS than controls (T allele odds ratio [OR] 2.585, p = 0.024; D allele OR 3.585, p = 0.046) and patients with SAP (T allele OR 2.955, p = 0.009; D allele OR 2.703, p = 0.05). Exploratory evaluation of gene-gene combinations showed a significant association between eNOS-G894T/ACE-I/D and ACS compared to controls (p = 0.022) and patients with SAP (p = 0.017).

CONCLUSIONS

The eNOS G894T and ACE I/D polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk of developing ACS after adjusting for classical risk factors for atherosclerosis in the Bulgarian cohort.