1
|
Alkhayyat R, Abbas A, Quinn CM, Rakha EA. Tumour 63 protein (p63) in breast pathology: biology, immunohistochemistry, diagnostic applications, and pitfalls. Histopathology 2024; 84:723-741. [PMID: 38012539 DOI: 10.1111/his.15101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Tumour protein 63 (p63) is a transcription factor of the p53 gene family, encoded by the TP63 gene located at chromosome 3q28, which regulates the activity of genes involved in growth and development of the ectoderm and derived tissues. p63 protein is normally expressed in the nuclei of the basal cell layer of glandular organs, including breast, in squamous epithelium and in urothelium. p63 immunohistochemical (IHC) staining has several applications in diagnostic breast pathology. It is commonly used to demonstrate myoepithelial cells at the epithelial stromal interface to differentiate benign and in situ lesions from invasive carcinoma and to characterize and classify papillary lesions including the distinction of breast intraduct papilloma from skin hidradenoma. p63 IHC is also used to identify and profile lesions showing myoepithelial cell and/or squamous differentiation, e.g. adenomyoepithelioma, salivary gland-like tumours including adenoid cystic carcinoma, and metaplastic breast carcinoma including low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma. This article reviews the applications of p63 IHC in diagnostic breast pathology and outlines a practical approach to the diagnosis and characterization of breast lesions through the identification of normal and abnormal p63 protein expression. The biology of p63, the range of available antibodies with emphasis on staining specificity and sensitivity, and pitfalls in interpretation are also discussed. The TP63 gene in humans, which shows a specific genomic structure, resulting in either TAp63 (p63) isoform or ΔNp63 (p40) isoform. As illustrated in the figure, both isoforms contain a DNA-binding domain (Orange box) and an oligomerization domain (Grey box). TAp63 contains an N-terminal transactivation (TA) domain (Green box), while ΔNp63 has an alternative terminus (Yellow box). Antibodies against conventional pan-p63 (TP63) bind to the DNA binding domain common to both isoforms (TAp63 and p40) and does not distinguish between them. Antibodies against TAp63 bind to the N-terminal TA domain, while antibodies specific to ΔNp63 (p40) bind to the alternative terminus. Each isoform has variant isotypes (α, β, γ, δ, and ε).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rabab Alkhayyat
- Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Pathology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Government Hospitals, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Areeg Abbas
- Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
| | - Cecily M Quinn
- Irish National Breast Screening Program, Department of Histopathology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
- Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Pathology, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Freeman T, Russell AJ, Council ML. Primary Cutaneous Mucinous Carcinoma: A Review of the Literature. Dermatol Surg 2023; 49:1091-1095. [PMID: 37643246 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000003921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary cutaneous mucinous carcinoma (PCMC) is an exceedingly rare, low-grade tumor that histologically resembles mucinous carcinoma from other primary sites, such as the breast, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article was to review the current literature on PCMC as it relates to epidemiology, clinical presentation, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, treatment, and prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS An extensive literature review was conducted using PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE to identify articles related to PCMC. RESULTS Several hundred cases have been reported in the medical literature, and surgical resection, whenever feasible, is the standard of care. CONCLUSION The diagnosis of primary cutaneous mucinous carcinoma is one of exclusion, requiring a metastatic work-up to rule out distant primary. Mohs micrographic surgery is a tissue sparing technique that allows complete margin control of these rare neoplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Freeman
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Aaron J Russell
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - M Laurin Council
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun H, Ding Q, Sahin AA. Immunohistochemistry in the Diagnosis and Classification of Breast Tumors. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2023; 147:1119-1132. [PMID: 37490413 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2022-0464-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— In the clinical practice of breast pathology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) of different markers is widely used for the diagnosis and classification of breast lesions. OBJECTIVE.— To provide an overview of currently used and recently identified IHC stains that have been implemented in the field of diagnostic breast pathology. DATA SOURCES.— Data were obtained from literature review and clinical experience of the authors as breast pathologists. CONCLUSIONS.— In the current review, we summarize the common uses of IHC stains for diagnosing different types of breast lesions, especially invasive and noninvasive breast lesions, and benign and malignant spindle cell lesions. In addition, the cutting-edge knowledge of diagnostic carcinoma markers will lead us to further understand the different types of breast carcinoma and differentiate breast carcinomas from other carcinomas of similar morphology. Knowing the strengths and limitations of these markers is essential to the clinical practice of breast pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Sun
- From the Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Qingqing Ding
- From the Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Aysegul A Sahin
- From the Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Westhoff CC, Ramaswamy A, Kalder M, Lebeau A, Sinn P, Denkert C. [Immunohistology in breast diagnostics : Strategies for efficient diagnostics]. PATHOLOGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 44:17-31. [PMID: 36576522 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-022-01174-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Immunohistological examinations are useful for the histopathological diagnosis of breast carcinoma in various clinical situations. This review article aims to summarize the different immunohistological options. A distinction is made between diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive markers. Especially when a therapeutic decision results from the immunohistological expression pattern, a quantitative, quality-controlled, and validated diagnostic approach is essential.This is relevant, for example, for the classical markers ER, PR, and HER2, but also for Ki-67 and additional markers such as PD-L1. This article provides a practice-oriented summary of the most important immunohistochemical markers in routine breast cancer diagnosis and for the distinction of malignant findings from benign alterations or precursor lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina C Westhoff
- Institut für Pathologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg und Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg (UKGM), Baldingerstr., 35043, Marburg, Deutschland.
| | - Annette Ramaswamy
- Institut für Pathologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg und Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg (UKGM), Baldingerstr., 35043, Marburg, Deutschland
| | - Matthias Kalder
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Philipps-Universität Marburg und Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg (UKGM), Marburg, Deutschland
| | - Annette Lebeau
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Deutschland.,Gemeinschaftspraxis für Pathologie, Lübeck, Deutschland
| | - Peter Sinn
- Institut für Pathologie, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - Carsten Denkert
- Institut für Pathologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg und Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg (UKGM), Baldingerstr., 35043, Marburg, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chung J, Rico-Castillo J, Sebastiano C, Lee JB. Expression of p40 in Primary Cutaneous Mucinous Carcinoma Versus Primary Mucinous Carcinomas of the Breast and Colon. Am J Dermatopathol 2021; 43:e175-e180. [PMID: 33989221 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor p63 is a homolog of p53, expressed in basal layers of epithelia and myoepithelial cells. Some studies have suggested that p63 may provide utility in differentiating primary versus metastatic mucinous carcinoma of the skin, given its preferential expression in primary adnexal neoplasms. There have been few studies investigating the expression patterns of p40, an isoform of p63, in primary cutaneous mucinous carcinomas. METHODS An immunohistochemical panel including p40, CK7, CK20, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor was applied to primary mucinous carcinomas of the skin, breast, and colon. RESULTS Only a small subset (25%) of primary cutaneous mucinous carcinomas displayed focal positive staining with p40, similar to what has been reported in the literature for p63. All primary mucinous carcinomas of skin and breast labeled positively with CK7, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor. Primary colon mucinous carcinomas were only positive for CK20. CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, p40 seems to be an insufficient marker for distinguishing primary versus metastatic mucinous carcinoma due to its low rate of positivity in primary cutaneous mucinous carcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jina Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; J. Chung's work was performed while at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA; and
| | | | | | - Jason B Lee
- Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Turkevi-Nagy S, Báthori Á, Böcz J, Krenács L, Cserni G, Kővári B. Syntaxin-1 and Insulinoma-Associated Protein 1 Expression in Breast Neoplasms with Neuroendocrine Features. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:1610039. [PMID: 34764822 PMCID: PMC8575685 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.1610039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: A subset of breast neoplasia is characterized by features of neuroendocrine differentiation. Positivity for Neuroendocrine markers by immunohistochemistry is required for the diagnosis. Sensitivity and specificity of currently used markers are limited; based on the definitions of WHO Classification of Tumours, 5th edition, about 50% of breast tumors with features of neuroendocrine differentiation express chromogranin-A and 16% express synaptophysin. We assessed the applicability of two novel markers, syntaxin-1 and insulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1) in breast carcinomas. Methods: Hypercellular (Type B) mucinous carcinomas, solid papillary carcinomas, invasive carcinomas of no special type with neuroendocrine features and ductal carcinomas in situ of neuroendocrine subtype were included in our study. The immunohistochemical panel included chromogranin A, synaptophysin, CD56, syntaxin-1 and INSM1. The specificity of syntaxin-1 and INSM1 was determined using samples negative for chromogranin A, synaptophysin and CD56. Results: The sensitivity of syntaxin-1 was 84.7% (50/59), with diffuse positivity in more than 60% of the cases. Syntaxin-1 also had an excellent specificity (98.1%). Depending on the definition for positivity, the sensitivity of INSM1 was 89.8% (53/59) or 86.4% (51/59), its specificity being 57.4% or 88.9%. The sensitivities of chromogranin A, synaptophysin and CD56 were 98.3, 74.6 and 22.4%, respectively. Discussion: Syntaxin-1 and INSM1 are sensitive and specific markers of breast tumors with neuroendocrine features, outperforming chromogranin A and CD56. We recommend syntaxin-1 and INSM1 to be included in the routine neuroendocrine immunohistochemical panel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ágnes Báthori
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Böcz
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Krenács
- Laboratory of Tumor Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Cserni
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Bács-Kiskun County Teaching Hospital, Kecskemét, Hungary
| | - Bence Kővári
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Guo R, Tian Y, Jin X, Huang X, Yang J. Thymidylate Synthase, a New Myoepithelial Biomarker for Breast Lesions. Int J Surg Pathol 2019; 27:852-858. [PMID: 31234664 DOI: 10.1177/1066896919858403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background. The identification of myoepithelial cells (MECs) can facilitate the differential diagnosis of breast lesions. We previously found thymidylate synthase (TS) expression in the nuclei of MECs in breast tissues, which prompted us to investigate the usefulness of TS as a sensitive and specific biomarker in the differential diagnosis of breast lesions, similar to other MEC biomarkers (ie, tumor protein [P63] and cluster of differentiation 10 [CD10]). Methods. Immunohistochemistry for TS, P63, and CD10 was performed on paraffin sections from 189 breast specimens. Results. The results showed the intensity of the immunoreactive TS signal to be comparable with that of P63 in the nuclei of MECs. Furthermore, the nuclei of MECs stained strongly for TS and P63 in normal breast tissues (obtained adjacent to invasive breast lesions), benign breast lesions, and carcinoma in situ, whereas the cytoplasm of MECs stained strongly for CD10. The immunoreactive TS signal in the cytoplasm of MECs was variable in 22 out of 32 (65.6%) cases of invasive breast carcinoma and 4 out of 20 cases (20.0%) of ductal carcinoma in situ. We found no immunoreactive TS signal in the nuclei of luminal and stromal cells in breast lesions, although there was a weak positive signal in the cytoplasm of luminal and stromal cells. Conclusions. TS is a sensitive and specific MEC biomarker in the differential diagnosis of breast lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yi Tian
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xueyuan Jin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaozhong Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jun Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Elastic stains in the evaluation of DCIS with comedo necrosis in breast cancers. Virchows Arch 2017; 472:1007-1014. [PMID: 29101458 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-017-2259-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
As concerns the microscopic morphology of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), neoplastic cells are surrounded by both a myoepithelial cell layer and a basement membrane as expected from the outer structure of ducts and lobules. However, in some cases, it is impossible to state whether the structures involved by the disease are ducts or lobules. Altogether 1220 anatomic structures involved by DCIS displaying comedo necrosis from 27 slides of 21 patients (seen on both haematoxylin and eosin-stained and orcein-stained slides) were identified as representing ducts, likely ducts, unclassifiable structures, likely acini or acini on the basis of their distribution and resemblance to normal anatomic structures. All structures were then rated as having a circumferential elastic layer (as normal ducts), a partial elastic layer around more or less than half of the periphery or having no peripheral elastic layer at all (as normal acini). Structures classified as ducts or likely ducts were likely to have an elastic coating, whereas acini and likely acini had no such coating. Unclassifiable structures were generally devoid of an elastic layer. Structures (and cases) that were likely to represent neoductgenesis as proposed by Zhou et al. (Int J Breast Cancer 2014;2014:581706) were generally unclassifiable and devoid of outer elastic layer. Many duct-like structures in DCIS with comedo necrosis are devoid of elastic layer typical of normal ducts, suggesting that these structures are abnormal despite conservation of the myoepithelium and the basement membrane.
Collapse
|
9
|
P40 Immunostain Does Not Outperform p63 as a Myoepithelial Cell Marker in the Daily Practice of Breast Pathology. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2017; 26:599-604. [PMID: 28549030 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
P40 antibody has been shown to be a more specific squamous and basal cell marker compared with p63. As detection of myoepithelial cells (MECs) plays a critical role in breast pathology, and the fact that p40 targets an isoform of p63, this study was designed to compare these antibodies in a variety of lesions, especially those with an sclerotic stroma and carcinoma in situ. All studied lesions were selected from the daily cases of the 3 authors and stained with p63, p40, and calponin immunohistochemical stains. Thirty-four cases (and 19 internal controls) were included. Seventy percent constituted sclerotic lesions (12 cases) and ductal carcinoma in situ (12 cases). P40 and p63 stained all lesions and showed a similar patchy staining pattern in 50% of ductal carcinoma in situ and sclerotic lesions. Compared with internal controls, p40 and p63 demonstrated decreased staining intensity in up to 70% and 8% of all cases, respectively, with no cross-reactivity with mesenchymal cells and minor cross-reactivity with epithelial cells. In our study, p40 did not outperform p63 as a MEC marker. p40 showed a decreased intensity in a higher number of cases (P<0.0001). In our opinion, p63 continues to be the best nuclear marker for the detection of MECs in the daily practice of breast pathology.
Collapse
|
10
|
Du F, Zhou CX, Gao Y. Myoepithelial differentiation in cribriform, tubular and solid pattern of adenoid cystic carcinoma: A potential involvement in histological grading and prognosis. Ann Diagn Pathol 2016; 22:12-7. [PMID: 27180054 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) is known as a biphasic tumor composed of ductal and myoepithelial cells. The present study aimed to evaluate the amount and distribution of the myoepithelial cells in cribriform, tubular and solid subtypes of AdCC and analyze their relationship with histological grading and prognosis. A panel of myoepithelial markers including CK5/6, p63, p40, D2-40, calponin, α-SMA, S-100, and vimentin, together with a luminal cell marker CK7, and Ki-67 were used for immunohistochemical study in 109 AdCCs that included 38 cribriform, 36 tubular and 35 solid subtypes. The myoepithelial cells were labeled and found lined cystic-like paces, located at the periphery of the cribriform arrangements, and presented at the nonluminal cells of the two-layered tubular structures, while absent or dispersed in the solid pattern. Meantime, the solid subtype presented a higher proliferation rate assessed by mitotic count and Ki-67 labeling index, followed by poorer overall survival and recurrent-free survival. Furthermore, CK7 expression was found higher in solid pattern than in cribriform-tubular subtype, which showed negative correlation with the myoepithelial markers including D2-40, Calponin, α-SMA, p63, p40 and vimentin. The solid pattern of AdCC showed gland differentiation but loss of myoepithelial differentiation with a higher proliferation and more aggressiveness as well as poorer prognosis compared with the cribriform-tubular subtypes, which implies that loss of MEC differentiation might contribute to the poor prognosis of the solid subtype of AdCC. However, further studies are required to clarify its exact role in AdCC progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Du
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 South Avenue Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Chuan-Xiang Zhou
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 South Avenue Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 South Avenue Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kővári B, Báthori Á, Cserni G. CD10 Immunohistochemical Expression in Apocrine Lesions of the Breast. Pathobiology 2015; 82:259-63. [PMID: 26562027 DOI: 10.1159/000440664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the breast, CD10 is expressed by myoepithelial cells (MECs), and apocrine metaplasia has also been mentioned as being positive with this marker. Apocrine lesions have been explored for the expression of CD10. METHODS The apocrine lesions studied included 11 cysts, 6 cases of apocrine adenosis, 2 of apocrine metaplasia or hyperplasia in papilloma, 13 ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS) and invasive carcinomas (14 ductal and 4 lobular). RESULTS Benign apocrine lesions showed complete or partial luminal CD10 staining, although most cases included parts without staining, and 2 lesions were completely negative. The MECs were often but not always positive. Nine of the 13 cases of apocrine DCIS displayed no luminal staining, but 4 demonstrated very focal luminal positivity. The MECs around the DCIS showed a spectrum of staining from nil to strong and complete. Only 4 invasive carcinomas demonstrated luminal/membranous staining. Cytoplasmic CD10 positivity was seen focally in 4 invasive cancers and in 3 DCIS. CONCLUSION CD10 positivity is luminal/membranous in most benign apocrine lesions, the staining being nonuniversal and sometimes focal. Analogous staining in apocrine malignancies seems rarer in DCIS and even rarer in invasive apocrine carcinomas, but atypical cytoplasmic positivity may also occur. CD10 is not an ideal myoepithelial marker in apocrine lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bence Kővári
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | | |
Collapse
|