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Maia JRLCB, Machado LKA, Fernandes GG, Vitorino LC, Antônio LS, Araújo SMB, Colodeti LC, Fontes-Dantas FL, Zeidler JD, Saraiva GN, Da Poian AT, Figueiredo CP, Passos GF, da Costa R. Mitotherapy prevents peripheral neuropathy induced by oxaliplatin in mice. Neuropharmacology 2024; 245:109828. [PMID: 38158014 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin (OXA) is an antineoplastic agent used for the treatment of cisplatin-resistant tumours, presenting lower incidence of nephrotoxicity and myelotoxicity than other platinum-based drugs. However, OXA treatment is highly associated with painful peripheral neuropathy, a well-known and relevant side effect caused by mitochondrial dysfunction. The transfer of functional exogenous mitochondria (mitotherapy) is a promising therapeutic strategy for mitochondrial diseases. We investigated the effect of mitotherapy on oxaliplatin-induced painful peripheral neuropathy (OIPN) in male mice. OIPN was induced by i.p. injections of oxaliplatin (3 mg/kg) over 5 consecutive days. Mechanical (von Frey test) and cold (acetone drop test) allodynia were evaluated between 7 and 17 days after the first OXA treatment. Mitochondria was isolated from donor mouse livers and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation was assessed with high resolution respirometry. After confirming that the isolated mitochondria were functional, the organelles were administered at the dose of 0.5 mg/kg of mitochondrial protein on days 1, 3 and 5. Treatment with OXA caused both mechanical and cold allodynia in mice that were significant 7 days after the initial injection of OXA and persisted for up to 17 days. Mitotherapy significantly prevented the development of both sensory alterations, and attenuated body weight loss induced by OXA. Mitotherapy also prevented spinal cord ERK1/2 activation, microgliosis and the increase in TLR4 mRNA levels. Mitotherapy prevented OIPN by inhibiting neuroinflammation and the consequent cellular overactivity in the spinal cord, presenting a potential therapeutic strategy for pain management in oncologic patients undergoing OXA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- João R L C B Maia
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Loreena K A Machado
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriel G Fernandes
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Louise C Vitorino
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Letícia S Antônio
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Suzana Maria B Araújo
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lilian C Colodeti
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fabrícia L Fontes-Dantas
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Farmacologia e Psicobiologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Julianna D Zeidler
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Georgia N Saraiva
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goés, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andrea T Da Poian
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Claudia P Figueiredo
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Giselle F Passos
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Robson da Costa
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Wang B, Wang H, Yue L, Chen Q, Dong J, Jiang T. Combination therapy of irreversible electroporation and cytokine-induced killer cells for treating mice bearing panc02 pancreatic-cancer xenografts. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 35:101547. [PMID: 37745985 PMCID: PMC10514433 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the antitumor effects and potent mechanism of cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells combined with irreversible electroporation (IRE) via Panc02 cell-bearing mouse model in vivo. CIK cells were isolated from the spleens of Panc02 pancreatic-cancer (PC) subcutaneous-xenograft model and the proportion of different lymphocytes was also determined. The antitumor effect of the combination of IRE and CIK cells in a PC subcutaneous-xenograft model was also investigated. The proportion of cells that were positive for CD3+CD8+ and the proportion of CD3+CD56+ cells were both significantly increased after 21 days of in vitro culture. Combined treatment of IRE and CIK cell significantly inhibited tumor growth and increased the survival rate of Panc02 cell-bearing mice. Furthermore, infiltration of lymphocytes into tumor tissue was significantly increased by this combination therapy compared with the untreated group or monotherapy group. In addition, IRE significantly enhanced the expression of chemokine receptors elicited by CIK cells. In conclusion, IRE combined with CIK cells showed superior antitumor efficacy in a PC xenograft model, which we attributed to the promotion of lymphocytic infiltration, as well as to upregulation of chemokine receptor expression and the regulators of CIK cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohua Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Huiyang Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lan Yue
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Zhejiang CuraWay Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Junjie Dong
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Tian'an Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310023, China
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Wang R, Nissen NN, Zhang Y, Shao C, Chu CY, Huynh C, Posadas EM, Tomlinson JS, Lewis MS, Pandol SJ. Circulating Fatty Objects and Their Preferential Presence in Pancreatic Cancer Patient Blood Samples. Front Physiol 2022; 13:827531. [PMID: 35237181 PMCID: PMC8883044 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.827531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cancers are often complicated with increased incidences of blood vessel occlusion, which are mostly insensitive to anticoagulation therapy. We searched for causal factors of cancer-associated embolism. A total of 2,017 blood samples was examined for visible abnormalities. Examined were peripheral blood samples from cancer patients who were about to undergo surgical treatment for genitourinary, breast, gastrointestinal or abdominal tumors. Samples from ambulatory patients being treated for recurrent or castration-resistant prostate cancers were included in the study. The lipid-rich nature was studied with lipophilic stains and lipid panel analysis, while surface membrane was assessed with specific staining and antibody detection. We identified a new entity, lipid droplet-like objects or circulating fatty objects (CFOs), visible in the blood samples of many cancer patients, with the potential of causing embolism. CFOs were defined as lipid-rich objects with a membrane, capable of gaining in volume through interaction with peripheral blood mononuclear cells in ex vivo culture. Blood samples from pancreatic cancer patients were found to have the highest CFO incidence and largest CFO numbers. Most noticeably, CFOs from many pancreatic cancer samples presented as large clusters entangled in insoluble fiber networks, suggestive of intravascular clotting. This study identifies CFO as an abnormal entity in cancer patient blood, and a contributory factor to intravascular embolism during cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxiang Wang
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nicholas N. Nissen
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Chen Shao
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Chia-Yi Chu
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Carissa Huynh
- Biobank and Translational Research Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Edwin M. Posadas
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - James S. Tomlinson
- Department of Surgery, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michael S. Lewis
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pathology, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Stephen J. Pandol
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Wang H, Ding W, Shi H, Bao H, Lu Y, Jiang TA. Combination therapy with low-frequency ultrasound irradiation and radiofrequency ablation as a synergistic treatment for pancreatic cancer. Bioengineered 2021; 12:9832-9846. [PMID: 34696663 PMCID: PMC8810087 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1995581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We aim to evaluate the efficacies of combination therapy with low-frequency ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles (USMB) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) on suppressing the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cell and treating Panc02 subcutaneous xenograft mice. The proliferation of HPDE6-C7 and Panc02 cells after the treatment of USMB and RFA alone or combination were evaluated by CCK-8 assay. Scratch test was performed to assess the cell migration capability. Panc02-bearing mice were received 14-day treatment of USMB and RFA alone or combination. Tumor size and survival rate were recorded once two days. The serum levels of immune-related factors and changes of apoptosis- and autophagy-related factors were detected by ELISA and western blotting methods. As a result, CKK-8 assays revealed significant inhibition on Panc02 cell proliferation in combination therapy with USMB and RFA relative to other groups (all p < 0.05). Strong synergistic effect of USMB combined with RFA was confirmed via the calculated combination index (CI) <0.4. In addition, combination therapy of USMB and RFA significantly inhibited the migration of Panc02 cells. Moreover, combined treatment remarkably inhibited the size and width of xenograft and improved the survival in Panc02-bearing mice. Furthermore, 14-day combination therapy of USMB and RFA in Panc02-bearing mice significantly facilitated the apoptosis and autophagy of tumor cells. In summary, combination therapy of USMB and RFA showed synergistic anti-tumor efficacies on Panc02 cells attributing to the promotion on apoptosis and autophagy in Panc02 subcutaneous xenograft mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyang Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxiu Ding
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Shi
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiwei Bao
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Lu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian An Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pulsed Electric Field Technology for Medical Transformation, Hangzhou, China
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Primary Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Prophylaxis in Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer Patients Treated with FOLFIRINOX as the First-Line Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113137. [PMID: 33120908 PMCID: PMC7692712 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Because FOLFIRINOX shows high prevalence of hematologic toxicity, it is meaningful to investigate of usefulness of primary G-CSF prophylaxis in metastatic pancreatic cancer patients. In this retrospective study, a total of 165 patients were divided into G-CSF user group (n = 57) and non-user group (n = 105). Baseline characteristics were not significantly different between two groups, which included initial absolute neutrophil counts and metastatic burden. Primary G-CSF prophylaxis reduced the risk of neutropenia (55.6% to 31.6%, p = 0.003) and febrile neutropenia (18.5% to 1.8%, p = 0.002) and improved OS (8.8 to 14.7 months; hazard ratio (HR): 1.766, 95% CI: 1.257–2.481, p = 0.001). When administering FOLFIRINOX for MPC, primary G-CSF prophylaxis could be rationalized to reduced AEs and improve survival, and more prospective studies are needed. Abstract Although FOLFIRINOX (5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin) has been proven efficacious in metastatic pancreatic cancer (MPC), physicians hesitate to administer it due to its hematologic toxicities. We investigated the usefulness of primary granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) prophylaxis. We reviewed electronic medical records of MPC patients with good performance status who were administered FOLFIRINOX as the first-line treatment from 2011 to 2017. The patients were divided into primary G-CSF prophylaxis users (group A) and non-users or therapeutic/secondary users (group B). Cumulative relative dose (cRDI), adverse effects (AEs), and overall survival (OS) were compared. A total of 165 patients (group A (57) vs. group B (108)) were investigated. Intergroup differences in baseline characteristics were not significant, although the cRDI and the number of treatment cycles were both higher in group A than in group B (cRDI: 80.6% vs. 73.9%, p = 0.007; 9 vs. 6 cycles, p = 0.004). Primary G-CSF prophylaxis reduced the risk of neutropenia (55.6% to 31.6%, p = 0.003) and febrile neutropenia (18.5% to 1.8%, p = 0.002) and improved OS (8.8 to 14.7 months; hazard ratio [HR]: 1.766, 95% CI: 1.257–2.481, p = 0.001). When administering FOLFIRINOX for MPC, primary G-CSF prophylaxis could be rationalized to reduced AEs and improve survival; more prospective studies are needed.
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Armacki M, Polaschek S, Waldenmaier M, Morawe M, Ruhland C, Schmid R, Lechel A, Tharehalli U, Steup C, Bektas Y, Li H, Kraus JM, Kestler HA, Kruger S, Ormanns S, Walther P, Eiseler T, Seufferlein T. Protein Kinase D1, Reduced in Human Pancreatic Tumors, Increases Secretion of Small Extracellular Vesicles From Cancer Cells That Promote Metastasis to Lung in Mice. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:1019-1035.e22. [PMID: 32446697 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pancreatic tumor cells release small extracellular vesicles (sEVs, exosomes) that contain lipids and proteins, RNA, and DNA molecules that might promote formation of metastases. It is not clear what cargo these vesicles contain and how they are released. Protein kinase D1 (PRKD1) inhibits cell motility and is believed to be dysregulated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. We investigated whether it regulates production of sEVs in pancreatic cancer cells and their ability to form premetastatic niches for pancreatic cancer cells in mice. METHODS We analyzed data from UALCAN and human pancreatic tissue microarrays to compare levels of PRKD1 between tumor and nontumor tissues. We studied mice with pancreas-specific disruption of Prkd1 (PRKD1KO mice), mice that express oncogenic KRAS (KC mice), and KC mice with disruption of Prkd1 (PRKD1KO-KC mice). Subcutaneous xenograft tumors were grown in NSG mice from Panc1 cells; some mice were then given injections of sEVs. Pancreata and lung tissues from mice were analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry, and/or quantitative polymerase chain reaction; we performed nanoparticle tracking analysis of plasma sEVs. The Prkd1 gene was disrupted in Panc1 cells using CRISPR-Cas9 or knocked down with small hairpin RNAs, or PRKD1 activity was inhibited with the selective inhibitor CRT0066101. Pancreatic cancer cell lines were analyzed by gene-expression microarray, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunoblot, and immunofluorescence analyses. sEVs secreted by Panc1 cell lines were analyzed by flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy, and mass spectrometry. RESULTS Levels of PRKD1 were reduced in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissues compared with nontumor tissues. PRKD1KO-KC mice developed more pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, at a faster rate, than KC mice, and had more lung metastases and significantly shorter average survival time. Serum from PRKD1KO-KC mice had increased levels of sEVs compared with KC mice. Pancreatic cancer cells with loss or inhibition of PRKD1 increased secretion of sEVs; loss of PRKD1 reduced phosphorylation of its substrate, cortactin, resulting in increased F-actin levels at the plasma membrane. sEVs from cells with loss or reduced expression of PRKD1 had altered content, and injection of these sEVs into mice increased metastasis of xenograft tumors to lung, compared with sEVs from pancreatic cells that expressed PRKD1. PRKD1-deficient pancreatic cancer cells showed increased loading of integrin α6β4 into sEVs-a process that required CD82. CONCLUSIONS Human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma has reduced levels of PRKD1 compared with nontumor pancreatic tissues. Loss of PRKD1 results in reduced phosphorylation of cortactin in pancreatic cancer cell lines, resulting in increased in F-actin at the plasma membrane and increased release of sEVs, with altered content. These sEVs promote metastasis of xenograft and pancreatic tumors to lung in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Armacki
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sandra Polaschek
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Mareen Morawe
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Claudia Ruhland
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rebecca Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - André Lechel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Umesh Tharehalli
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christoph Steup
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Yasin Bektas
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johann M Kraus
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hans A Kestler
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephan Kruger
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Steffen Ormanns
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul Walther
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tim Eiseler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
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Garcia-Cremades M, Pitou C, Iversen PW, Troconiz IF. Predicting tumour growth and its impact on survival in gemcitabine-treated patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 115:296-303. [PMID: 29366960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this evaluation was to characterize the impact of the tumour size (TS) effects driven by the anticancer drug gemcitabine on overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer by building and validating a predictive semi-mechanistic joint TS-OS model. TS and OS data were obtained from one phase II and one phase III study where gemcitabine was administered (1000-1250 mg/kg over 30-60 min i.v infusion) as single agent to patients (n = 285) with advanced pancreatic cancer. Drug exposure, TS and OS were linked using the population approach with NONMEM 7.3. Pancreatic tumour progression was characterized by exponential growth (doubling time = 67 weeks), and tumour response to treatment was described as a function of the weekly area under the gemcitabine triphosphate concentration vs time curve (AUC), including treatment-related resistance development. The typical predicted percentage of tumour growth inhibition with respect to no treatment was 22.3% at the end of 6 chemotherapy cycles. Emerging resistance elicited a 57% decrease in drug effects during the 6th chemotherapy cycle. Predicted TS profile was identified as main prognostic factor of OS, with tumours responders' profiles improving median OS by 30 weeks compared to stable-disease TS profiles. Results of NCT00574275 trial were predicted using this modelling framework, thereby validating the approach as a prediction tool in clinical development. Our analyses show that despite the advanced stage of the disease in this patient population, the modelling framework herein can be used to predict the likelihood of treatment success using early clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Garcia-Cremades
- Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Celine Pitou
- Global Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacometrics, Eli Lilly and Company Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom.
| | - Philip W Iversen
- Lilly Research laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
| | - Iñaki F Troconiz
- Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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Natural Products as Adjunctive Treatment for Pancreatic Cancer: Recent Trends and Advancements. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:8412508. [PMID: 28232946 PMCID: PMC5292383 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8412508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a type of common malignant tumors with high occurrence in the world. Most patients presented in clinic had pancreatic cancer at advanced stages. Furthermore, chemotherapy or radiotherapy had very limited success in treating pancreatic cancer. Complementary and alternative medicines, such as natural products/herbal medicines, represent exciting adjunctive therapies. In this review, we summarize the recent advances of using natural products/herbal medicines, such as Chinese herbal medicine, in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic agents to treat pancreatic cancer in preclinical and clinical trials.
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