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Pérez-Montes C, Jiménez-Cubides JP, Velasco A, Arévalo R, Santos-Ledo A, García-Macia M. REDOX Balance in Oligodendrocytes Is Important for Zebrafish Visual System Regeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2026. [PMID: 38136146 PMCID: PMC10740785 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) present continuous growth and regenerate many parts of their body after an injury. Fish oligodendrocytes, microglia and astrocytes support the formation of new connections producing effective regeneration of the central nervous system after a lesion. To understand the role of oligodendrocytes and the signals that mediate regeneration, we use the well-established optic nerve (ON) crush model. We also used sox10 fluorescent transgenic lines to label fully differentiated oligodendrocytes. To quench the effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS), we used the endogenous antioxidant melatonin. Using these tools, we measured ROS production by flow cytometry and explored the regeneration of the optic tectum (OT), the response of oligodendrocytes and their mitochondria by confocal microscopy and Western blot. ROS are produced by oligodendrocytes 3 h after injury and JNK activity is triggered. Concomitantly, there is a decrease in the number of fully differentiated oligodendrocytes in the OT and in their mitochondrial population. By 24 h, oligodendrocytes partially recover. Exposure to melatonin blocks the changes observed in these oligodendrocytes at 3 h and increases their number and their mitochondrial populations after 24 h. Melatonin also blocks JNK upregulation and induces aberrant neuronal differentiation in the OT. In conclusion, a proper balance of ROS is necessary during visual system regeneration and exposure to melatonin has a detrimental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pérez-Montes
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCyL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.P.-M.); (J.P.J.-C.); (A.V.); (R.A.)
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jhoana Paola Jiménez-Cubides
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCyL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.P.-M.); (J.P.J.-C.); (A.V.); (R.A.)
| | - Almudena Velasco
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCyL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.P.-M.); (J.P.J.-C.); (A.V.); (R.A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rosario Arévalo
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCyL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.P.-M.); (J.P.J.-C.); (A.V.); (R.A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Adrián Santos-Ledo
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCyL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.P.-M.); (J.P.J.-C.); (A.V.); (R.A.)
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marina García-Macia
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Investigations Network on Frailty and Ageing (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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The Circadian Clocks, Oscillations of Pain-Related Mediators, and Pain. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:511-523. [PMID: 35179680 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01205-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock is a biochemical oscillator that is synchronized with solar time. Normal circadian rhythms are necessary for many physiological functions. Circadian rhythms have also been linked with many physiological functions, several clinical symptoms, and diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests that the circadian clock appears to modulate the processing of nociceptive information. Many pain conditions display a circadian fluctuation pattern clinically. Thus, the aim of this review is to summarize the existing knowledge about the circadian clocks involved in diurnal rhythms of pain. Possible cellular and molecular mechanisms regarding the connection between the circadian clocks and pain are discussed.
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3
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Exploring the Tryptophan Metabolic Pathways in Migraine-Related Mechanisms. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233795. [PMID: 36497053 PMCID: PMC9736455 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a complex neurovascular disorder, which causes intense socioeconomic problems worldwide. The pathophysiology of disease is enigmatic; accordingly, therapy is not sufficient. In recent years, migraine research focused on tryptophan, which is metabolized via two main pathways, the serotonin and kynurenine pathways, both of which produce neuroactive molecules that influence pain processing and stress response by disturbing neural and brain hypersensitivity and by interacting with molecules that control vascular and inflammatory actions. Serotonin has a role in trigeminal pain processing, and melatonin, which is another product of this pathway, also has a role in these processes. One of the end products of the kynurenine pathway is kynurenic acid (KYNA), which can decrease the overexpression of migraine-related neuropeptides in experimental conditions. However, the ability of KYNA to cross the blood-brain barrier is minimal, necessitating the development of synthetic analogs with potentially better pharmacokinetic properties to exploit its therapeutic potential. This review summarizes the main translational and clinical findings on tryptophan metabolism and certain neuropeptides, as well as therapeutic options that may be useful in the prevention and treatment of migraine.
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Hemati K, Pourhanifeh MH, Dehdashtian E, Fatemi I, Mehrzadi S, Reiter RJ, Hosseinzadeh A. Melatonin and morphine: potential beneficial effects of co-use. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2020; 35:25-39. [PMID: 32415694 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Morphine is a potent analgesic agent used to control acute or chronic pain. Chronic administration of morphine results in analgesic tolerance, hyperalgesia, and other side effects including dependence, addiction, respiratory depression, and constipation, which limit its clinical usage. Therefore, identifying the new analgesics with fewer side effects which could increase the effect of morphine and reduce its side effects is crucial. Melatonin, a multifunctional molecule produced in the body, is known to play an important role in pain regulation. The strong anti-inflammatory effect of melatonin is suggested to be involved in the attenuation of the pain associated with inflammation. Melatonin also increases the anti-nociceptive actions of opioids, such as morphine, and reverses their tolerance through regulating several cellular signaling pathways. In this review, published articles evaluating the effect of the co-consumption of melatonin and morphine in different conditions were investigated. Our results show that melatonin has pain-killing properties when administered alone or in combination with other anti-nociceptive drugs. Melatonin decreases morphine consumption in different pathologies. Furthermore, attenuation of morphine intake can be accompanied by reduction of morphine-associated side-effects, including physical dependence, morphine tolerance, and morphine-related hyperalgesia. Therefore, it is reasonable to believe that the combination of melatonin with morphine could reduce morphine-induced tolerance and hyperalgesia, which may result from anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of melatonin. Overall, we underscore that, to further ameliorate patients' life quality and control their pain in various pathological conditions, melatonin deserves to be used with morphine by anesthesiologists in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Hemati
- Department of Anesthesiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Hemmat Highway, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Pourhanifeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Ghotb-e-Ravandy Boulevard, Kashan, 8715988141, Iran
| | - Ehsan Dehdashtian
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, IRAN, Shahid Hemmat Highway, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
| | - Iman Fatemi
- Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, imam Ali Bolvard, Rafsanjan, 7719617996, Iran
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Hemmat Highway, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, Mail Code 7762, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
| | - Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Hemmat Highway, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
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5
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Xie S, Fan W, He H, Huang F. Role of Melatonin in the Regulation of Pain. J Pain Res 2020; 13:331-343. [PMID: 32104055 PMCID: PMC7012243 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s228577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a pleiotropic hormone synthesized and secreted mainly by the pineal gland in vertebrates. Melatonin is an endogenous regulator of circadian and seasonal rhythms. Melatonin is involved in many physiological and pathophysiological processes demonstrating antioxidant, antineoplastic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. Accumulating evidence has revealed that melatonin plays an important role in pain modulation through multiple mechanisms. In this review, we examine recent evidence for melatonin on pain regulation in various animal models and patients with pain syndromes, and the potential cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Xie
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwen He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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6
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Ahmad Hajam Y, Rai S, Basheer M, Ghosh H, Singh S. Protective Role of Melatonin in Streptozotocin Induced Pancreatic Damages in Diabetic Wistar Rat. Pak J Biol Sci 2019; 21:423-431. [PMID: 30724043 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2018.423.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Hyperglycemia is a representative hallmark and risk factor for diabetes and is closely linked to diabetes associated complications. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of exogenous melatonin against the streptozotocin induced pancreatic damages in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Streptozotocin was injected for consecutive 6 days. Diabetes was confirmed by blood glucose measurement after 72 h and on 7th day after injection. Animals having blood glucose level above 250 mg dL-1 were considered as diabetic and were administered exogenous melatonin for 4 weeks. Animals were euthanized after last dose, pancreas were dissected out, weighed and fixed in Bouin's fixative for histology and further tissues were kept at -20°C for biochemistry. RESULTS Diabetic rats displayed significant increase in lipid peroxidation, but pancreatic weight index, antioxidant system (GSH, SOD and CAT) showed decrease. Melatonin treatment to diabetic rats restored the alteration in physiological and biochemical markers. Results were supported by the histopathological observations, STZ treated pancreas showed damage in islets of langerhans, while as melatonin treated diabetic rats recovered the cellular architecture which inturn normalize the function of the pancreas. CONCLUSION Therefore, melatonin might be considered as a molecule to protect the pancreatic damages.
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7
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Yurova MN, Tyndyk ML, Popovich IG, Golubev AG, Anisimov VN. Gender Specificity of the Effect of Neonatal Melatonin Administration on Lifespan and Age-Associated Pathology in 129/Sv Mice. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057019030184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Nabavi SM, Nabavi SF, Sureda A, Xiao J, Dehpour AR, Shirooie S, Silva AS, Baldi A, Khan H, Daglia M. Anti-inflammatory effects of Melatonin: A mechanistic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 59:S4-S16. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1487927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Grup de Nutrici_o Comunit_aria i Estr_es Oxidatiu and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de E-07122 Mallorca, Spain
| | - Janbo Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Shirooie
- School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ana Sanches Silva
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal; Center for Study in Animal Science (CECA), ICETA, University of Oporto, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Alessandra Baldi
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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9
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Zhu C, Xu Y, Duan Y, Li W, Zhang L, Huang Y, Zhao W, Wang Y, Li J, Feng T, Li X, Hu X, Yin W. Exogenous melatonin in the treatment of pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:100582-100592. [PMID: 29246003 PMCID: PMC5725045 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is an important hormone for regulating mammalian circadian biology and cellular homeostasis. Recent evidence has shown that melatonin exerts anti-nociception effects in both animals and humans. However, according to clinical trials, the anti-nociception effects of melatonin are still controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the anti-nociception effects of melatonin premedication. The primary outcome was the effects of melatonin on pain intensity. The secondary outcomes included the number of patients with analgesic requirements, total analgesic consumption, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. In total, 19 studies were included in the current meta-analysis. The pooling data show that melatonin significantly decreased the pain intensity, as evidenced by the pain scores. Moreover, melatonin administration also reduced the proportion of patients with analgesic requirements and BDNF levels. However, the effects of melatonin on total analgesic consumption still require further confirmation. Collectively, the current meta-analysis supports the use of melatonin for anti-nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojuan Zhu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.,Department of Nursing, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yunyun Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yonghong Duan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Junjie Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Ting Feng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Faculty of Nursing, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xuehui Hu
- Department of Nursing, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.,Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wen Yin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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10
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Scarabelot VL, Medeiros LF, de Oliveira C, Adachi LNS, de Macedo IC, Cioato SG, de Freitas JS, de Souza A, Quevedo A, Caumo W, Torres ILDS. Melatonin Alters the Mechanical and Thermal Hyperalgesia Induced by Orofacial Pain Model in Rats. Inflammation 2017; 39:1649-59. [PMID: 27378529 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0399-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a neuroendocrine hormone that presents a wide range of physiological functions including regulating circadian rhythms and sleep, enhancing immune function, sleep improvement, and antioxidant effects. In addition, melatonin has received special attention in pain treatment since it is effective and presents few adverse effects. In this study, we evaluated the effect of acute dose of melatonin upon hyperalgesia induced by complete Freund's adjuvant in a chronic orofacial pain model in Sprague-Dawley rats. Nociceptive behavior was assessed by facial Von Frey and the hot plate tests at baseline and thereafter 30, 60, and 120 min, 24 h, and 7 days after melatonin treatment. We demonstrated that acute melatonin administration alters mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia induced by an orofacial pain model (TMD), highlighting that the melatonin effect upon mechanical hyperalgesia remained until 7 days after its administration. Besides, we observed specific tissue profiles of neuroimmunomodulators linked to pain conditions and/or melatonin effect (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, and interleukins 6 and 10) in the brainstem levels, and its effects were state-dependent of the baseline of these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Leal Scarabelot
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Research, Pharmacology Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 sala 305, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, RS, Brazil
- Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Liciane Fernandes Medeiros
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Research, Pharmacology Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 sala 305, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, RS, Brazil
- Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Research, Pharmacology Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 sala 305, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, RS, Brazil
- Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lauren Naomi Spezia Adachi
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Research, Pharmacology Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 sala 305, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, RS, Brazil
- Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Isabel Cristina de Macedo
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Research, Pharmacology Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 sala 305, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, RS, Brazil
- Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Stefania Giotti Cioato
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Research, Pharmacology Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 sala 305, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, RS, Brazil
- Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Joice S de Freitas
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Research, Pharmacology Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 sala 305, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, RS, Brazil
- Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Andressa de Souza
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Research, Pharmacology Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 sala 305, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Quevedo
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Research, Pharmacology Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 sala 305, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, RS, Brazil
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Department of Surgery in Medical School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Iraci Lucena da Silva Torres
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Research, Pharmacology Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 sala 305, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, RS, Brazil.
- Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, RS, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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11
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Muxel SM, Laranjeira-Silva MF, Carvalho-Sousa CE, Floeter-Winter LM, Markus RP. The RelA/cRel nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) dimer, crucial for inflammation resolution, mediates the transcription of the key enzyme in melatonin synthesis in RAW 264.7 macrophages. J Pineal Res 2016; 60:394-404. [PMID: 26887983 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) modulates the transcription of the gene that codifies the enzyme arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase (AA-NAT) through nuclear translocation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). AA-NAT converts serotonin to N-acetylserotonin, the ultimate precursor of melatonin. Activation of kappa B elements (aa-nat-κB), localized in the promoter (nat-κB1 and nat-κB2), leads to Aa-nat transcription in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Competitive electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) with oligonucleotide probes corresponding to each of the two elements, as well as a NF-κB consensus corresponding probe, revealed different specificities for each κB element. In addition, activator protein-1 (AP-1) as well as signal transducers and activator of transcription-1 and 3 (STAT-1; STAT-3) competed with NF-κB for binding to nat-κB1, while only STAT-3 competed with NF-κB for binding to nat-κB2. According to co-immunoprecipitation (ChiP) assays, these two sites are able to distinguish NF-κB subunits. The sequence nat-κB1 bound dimers containing p52, RelA, and cRel, while nat-κB2 bound preferentially p50, p52, and RelA, and did not bind cRel. The expression of RelA and cRel is essential for the induction of Aa-nat expression and melatonin synthesis. Considering that the expression of cRel is induced by the earlier expressed p50/RelA, the differential effects of NF-κB dimers may be intimately associated with the temporal regulation of inflammatory responses, with the resolution phase being associated with paracrine and autocrine melatonin effects. Such data suggest that the proven effects of exogenous melatonin in the resolution phase of inflammation are paralleled by the effects of locally synthesized melatonin in immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Marcia Muxel
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Regina P Markus
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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