A Cell Culture Model of Latent and Lytic Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection in Spiral Ganglion

The Pathogenesis of Cytomegalovirus and Other Viruses Associated with Hearing Loss: Recent Updates

Virus infection is one of the most common etiologies of hearing loss. Hearing loss associated with viral infection can be unilateral or bilateral, mild or severe, sudden or progressive, and permanent or recoverable. Many viruses cause hearing loss in adults and children; however, the pathogenesis of hearing loss caused by viral infection is not fully understood. This review describes cytomegalovirus, the most common virus causing hearing loss, and other reported hearing loss-related viruses. We hope to provide a detailed description of pathogenic characteristics and research progress on pathology, hearing phenotypes, possible associated mechanisms, treatment, and prevention measures. This review aims to provide diagnostic and treatment assistance to clinical workers.

Time and geographic clustering of adult patients with unilateral idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss

For the preponderance of patients with unilateral idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL), the etiology is unknown. The pathogenesis of disease and a definitive mechanism for this abrupt hearing loss has not yet been elucidated. We hypothesize that there is a time-clustered presentation for idiopathic SSNHL; from an epidemiological standpoint, this suggests an environmental or infectious etiology. At a tertiary referral center in the northeast United States, we have observed that adult patients with SSNHL present in clusters with interspersed intervals of time with no presentations.

Inoculation of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) on common carp brain cells-influence of process parameters on virus yield

Research of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) is focused on the infection mechanism and disease development in animals using genetic and immunological approaches to improve treatments and diagnostics. In contrast, only few tried to investigate the CyHV-3 replication behaviour in available cell cultures. Whereas, obtaining high virus yields by in vitro replication enables achieving of the mentioned above goals easier and more reliable. The following work presents an attempt to illuminate the KHV replication in common carp brain (CCB) cell cultures from the engineering point of view. The isolate KHV-TP30 was used testing the influence on process parameters, such as multiplicity of infection (MOI), time of infection (TOI) and time of harvest (TOH). Virus concentrations and infectivity at different time points of infection were examined using hydrolyzed probe qPCR (Gilad et al. 2004) and 50% tissue culture infectivity dose (TCID₅₀). The data obtained show that while the amount of the virus DNA remains constant after reaching its maximum, the infectivity of the virus decreases. Thus, especially, TOH can be crucial for generating a high-quality virus stock. Applying optimized parameters improved the infectivity of the harvested virus and reached a robust titre as high as 1.9 × 10⁸ TCID₅₀/mL. To our knowledge, so far, there is no information in the peer-reviewed literature showing comparably high virus titres. Such virus yields not only facilitate conduction of further studies, including stability tests of the virus stock under various supplementation or disinfection trails, but also provide enough virus material to perform more detailed examinations of the infection mechanism.