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Zhao XX, Bai LL. Correlation between telomere shortening in maternal peripheral blood and fetal aneuploidy. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:2. [PMID: 38166713 PMCID: PMC10759364 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-06185-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to assess whether maternal telomere length is a more accurate predictor of trisomy 21 than maternal age while also exploring the factors influencing maternal and fetal telomere length. METHODS Forty mothers with fetuses carrying extra maternal copies of chromosome 21 were defined as trisomy 21 cases, and 18 mothers with normal karyotype fetuses were defined as controls. Telomere lengths of maternal blood lymphocytes and amniotic fluid cells were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Fetal and maternal telomere lengths were compared between the two groups. Moreover, we analyzed the factors influencing maternal and fetal telomere length in the trisomy 21 pedigree. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between maternal telomere length and trisomy 21 risk. In addition, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the accuracy of using maternal telomere length as an indicator of trisomy 21 risk. RESULTS The study revealed that both maternal and fetal telomere lengths were significantly shorter in trisomy 21 cases than in the controls. In the trisomy 21 group, the maternal age, occupation, and nationality showed no significant correlation with their telomere length; fetal telomere length exhibited a positive correlation with maternal telomere length. Furthermore, maternal telomere length shortening is associated with trisomy 21 (OR = 0.311; 95% CI, 0.109-0.885, P < 0.05). The results of ROC curve analysis indicated that a combined assessment of maternal age and maternal telomere length predicted fetal chromosome trisomy more effectively than a single assessment (area under the curve 0.808, 95% CI, 0.674-0.941, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Maternal age combined with maternal telomere length proved to be a superior predictor of trisomy risk. Additionally, maternal telomere length was found to influence fetal telomere length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xi Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010050, China.
| | - Le Le Bai
- First Clinical Medical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
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Song Y, Jieping S, Tianshu Z, Zhijun Z, Jingxuan Z, Bo W. Incidence of Down Syndrome by maternal age in Chinese population. Front Genet 2022; 13:980627. [PMID: 36092906 PMCID: PMC9452696 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.980627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to estimate the maternal age-related risk of Down syndrome in an Asian population.Methods: We performed a retrospective data analysis including a total of 206,295 pregnant women who presented for second-trimester maternal serum screening for Down syndrome at Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital for the years 2008–2017. Cases were assigned to three groups: ≤26 years of age, 27–33 years of age, and ≥34 years of age. The incidence of Down Syndrome was calculated for each age group. The differences between groups were tested using the chi-square (χ2) test.Results: The incidence of Down syndrome in women ≤26 years of age, 27–33 years of age, and ≥34 years of age was 0.67‰, 0.29‰, and 2.07‰ respectively. Statistically significant difference was found between the three age groups (χ2 = 79.748, p < 0.05).Conclusion: Down syndrome rate was significantly higher in women ≥34 years of age. Younger women (≤26 years of age) had a significantly higher risk for Down’s syndrome, compared to women aged 27–33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Song
- Medical Genetics Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Jieping
- Medical Genetics Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhou Tianshu
- The First Clinical College, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Zhang Zhijun
- Department of Reproductive Medical Center, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhang Zhijun, ; Zhang Jingxuan, ; Wang Bo,
| | - Zhang Jingxuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhang Zhijun, ; Zhang Jingxuan, ; Wang Bo,
| | - Wang Bo
- Medical Genetics Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhang Zhijun, ; Zhang Jingxuan, ; Wang Bo,
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Toxic effects of smokeless tobacco on female reproductive health: A review. Curr Res Toxicol 2022; 3:100066. [PMID: 35310558 PMCID: PMC8927787 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2022.100066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Smokeless tobacco use can lead to impairments of ovarian function, morphology, oocyte quality and hormonal regulation. Use of smokeless tobacco during pregnancy has adverse health effects on both the mother and fetus. Exposure to smokeless tobacco in utero has long term health consequences on offspring.
The habitual consumption of tobacco in its various form is widespread and a serious public health issue globally. In particular, the use of smokeless tobacco has increased substantially due to its easy availability and misconception that it is relatively harmless compared to smoking. Tobacco use has been well established from numerous studies as a causative agent of devastating illnesses such as cancer, insulin resistance, hypertension, acute respiratory disease, osteoporosis, etc. Limited but growing evidence have also suggested its role in adversely affecting reproductive capabilities and outcomes in women of reproductive age and during pregnancy. This paper provides an updated review on available literature regarding the negative effects of smokeless tobacco use on female reproductive health, during pregnancy and its adverse consequences on the offspring. Existing data suggests the association between chronic smokeless tobacco use and impairment of ovarian morphology and function, oocyte quality, hormonal perturbations, fetal development and long-term health effects on the fetus. Improved understanding of these issues can contribute to better awareness of the dangers of smokeless tobacco products.
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Halder P, Pal U, Ganguly A, Ghosh P, Ray A, Sarkar S, Ghosh S. Understanding etiology of chromosome 21 nondisjunction from gene × environment models. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22390. [PMID: 34789805 PMCID: PMC8599692 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01672-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal risk factors and their interactions with each other that associate chromosome 21 nondisjunction are intriguing and need incisive study to be resolved. We determined recombination profile of nondisjoined chromosome 21 and maternal genotypes for four selected polymorphic variants from the folate regulators genes stratifying the women according to the origin of segregation error and age at conception. We conducted association study for genotype and maternal addiction to smokeless chewing tobacco, usually chopped tobacco leaves or paste of tobacco leaves with the incidence of Down syndrome birth. Additionally, we designed various logistic regression models to explore the effects of maternal genotype, maternal habit of smokeless chewing tobacco, maternal age at conception and all possible interactions among them on chromosome 21 nondisjunction. We found folate regulator gene mutations are associated with maternal meiosis II error. Regression models revealed smokeless chewing tobacco and folate polymorphic/mutant risk genotype interact with each other to increase the risk of reduced and single peri-centromeric recombination events on chromosome 21 that nondisjoined at meiosis II in the oocytes and the effect is maternal age independent. We inferred maternal folate polymorphic/mutant risk genotypes and habit of smokeless chewing tobacco interact with each other and increase the risk of meiosis II error in oocytes in maternal age-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinku Halder
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Upamanyu Pal
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Agnish Ganguly
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Papiya Ghosh
- Department of Zoology, Bijoy Krishna Girls' College (Affiliated to University of Calcutta), Howrah, West Bengal, India
| | - Anirban Ray
- Department of Zoology, Bangabasi Morning College (Affiliated to University of Calcutta), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sumantra Sarkar
- Department of Paediatric Medicine, Diamond Harbour Government Medical College and Hospital, Diamond Harbour, West Bengal, India
| | - Sujay Ghosh
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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Cuckle H, Benn P. Review of epidemiological factors (other than maternal age) that determine the prevalence of common autosomal trisomies. Prenat Diagn 2020; 41:536-544. [PMID: 32895968 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The birth prevalence of each common autosomal trisomy (21, 18 and 13) increases with advancing maternal age and this is the most important epidemiological risk factor. Prevalence during pregnancy is also dependent on gestational age. Other factors claimed to influence prevalence include paternal age, ethnicity, family history, premature reproductive aging, parity, twinning, smoking, environmental exposures, maternal medical conditions, and predispositions. We review the evidence for these associations since they may provide insights into causal mechanisms. When investigating potential co-factors it is important to adequately allow for maternal age and minimize its confounding contribution. This is well illustrated by reports of an inverse paternal age effect where there is strong correlation between parental ages. Gestational age at diagnosis, availability of prenatal screening, diagnostic testing, and elective termination of affected pregnancies and healthcare disparities also confound the studies on ethnicity, medical conditions, and predispositions or environmental factors. Data from twin zygosity studies demonstrate the importance of differences in fetal viability for affected pregnancies. We conclude that existing epidemiological evidence for most of the co-factors discussed should currently be considered tenuous; history of Down syndrome, albeit biased, may be an exception. The co-factors may yet provide clues to hitherto poorly understood causal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Cuckle
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Peter Benn
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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Keefe DL. Telomeres and genomic instability during early development. Eur J Med Genet 2019; 63:103638. [PMID: 30862510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Genomic instability is widespread during early embryo development. Aneuploidy, mosaicism, and copy number variants (CNVs) commonly appear in human preimplantation embryos. Both age-dependent meiotic aneuploidy and age-independent mitotic aneuploidy and CNVs occur In human embryos. Telomere attrition, which contributes to genomic instability in somatic cells, also may promote genomic instability in preimplantation embryos. Telomere dynamics during gametogenesis are strikingly dimorphic between females and males. Sperm telomeres lengthen with advancing paternal age, while oocyte telomeres are among the shortest in the body. Spermatogonia express telomerase activity throughout the life of the male, while oocytes and cleavage stage embryos express low or un-measureable levels of telomerase activity. Telomere attrition in oocytes contributes to meiotic dysfunction, including spindle dysmorphologies, reduced synapsis and chiasmata, as well as delayed, arrested and fragmented embryos. Cleavage stage embryos, with such inefficient telomere reconstitution, likely undergo NHEJ, which produces anaphase lag, chromosome bridges, micronuclei, and genomic instability, including mosaicism and CNVs. Cleavage stage embryos reconstitute the short telomeres inherited from their mothers by Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT), a DNA recombination based method involving RAD 50, MRE 11, Werner and Bloom proteins, as well as telomere sister chromatid exchange. ALT robustly reconstitutes telomeres, but also predisposes to genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Keefe
- Department of Ob/Gyn, NYU Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, NBV 9N1A, New York, 10012, New York, USA.
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Arias-Sosa LA. Understanding the Role of Telomere Dynamics in Normal and Dysfunctional Human Reproduction. Reprod Sci 2018; 26:6-17. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719118804409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alejandro Arias-Sosa
- Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, School of Biological Science, Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia
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Saiyed N, Bakshi S, Muthuswamy S, Agarwal S. Young mothers and higher incidence of maternal meiosis-I non- disjunction: Interplay of environmental exposure and genetic alterations during halt phase in trisomy 21. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 79:1-7. [PMID: 29702247 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Trisomy 21 is a genetic condition caused when chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis. We have studied conventional karyotype and QF-PCR using STR markers with high polymorphism and heterogeneity and the results were analyzed, to determine the paternal and meiotic origin of trisomy 21. This study was conducted using a detailed questionnaire to include: paternal, maternal, clinical and family history for various confounding factors such as age and regional environmental exposures where the parents resided. Out of 120 samples 95% (N = 114) were of maternal origin, including 92% (N = 105) of meiosis 1 errors and 8% (N = 9) meiosis 2 errors. Paternal origin accounted for 5% (N = 6) and were all due to meiosis-I errors. The higher incidence of maternal meiosis-I observed in the present study suggests that human trisomy 21 non-disjunction is a result of multiple factors contributing to the origin of the genetic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Saiyed
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, S.G Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Sonal Bakshi
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, S.G Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India.
| | - Srinivasan Muthuswamy
- Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rae Bareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
| | - Sarita Agarwal
- Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rae Bareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
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Abstract
Implantation rate decreases and miscarriage rate increases with advancing maternal age. The oocyte must be the locus of reproductive aging because donation of oocytes from younger to older women abrogates the effects of aging on fecundity. Nuclear transfer experiments in a mouse model of reproductive aging show that the reproductive aging phenotype segregates with the nucleus rather than the cytoplasm. A number of factors within the nucleus have been hypothesized to mediate reproductive aging, including disruption of cohesions, reduced chiasma, aneuploidy, disrupted meiotic spindles, and DNA damage caused by chronic exposure to reactive oxygen species. We have proposed telomere attrition as a parsimonious way to explain these diverse effects of aging on oocyte function. Telomeres are repetitive sequences of DNA and associated proteins, which form a loop (t loop) at chromosome ends. Telomeres prevent the blunt end of DNA from triggering a DNA damage response. Previously, we showed that experimental telomere shortening phenocopies reproductive aging in mice. Telomere shortening causes reduced synapsis and chiasma, chromosome fusions, embryo arrest and fragmentation, and abnormal meiotic spindles. Telomere length of polar bodies predicts the fragmentation of human embryos. Telomerase, the reverse transcriptase capable of reconstituting shortened telomeres, is only minimally active in oocytes and preimplantation embryos. Intriguingly, during the first cell cycles following activation, telomeres robustly elongate via a DNA double-strand break mechanism called alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALTs). Alternative lengthening of telomere takes place even in telomerase-null mice. This mechanism of telomere elongation previously had been found only in cancer cells lacking telomerase activity. We propose that ALT elongates telomeres across generations but does so at the cost of extensive genomic instability in preimplantation embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Keefe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Horányi D, Babay LÉ, Rigó J, Győrffy B, Nagy GR. Effect of extended oral contraception use on the prevalence of fetal trisomy 21 in women aged at least 35 years. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2017; 138:261-266. [DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Horányi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Conjoint Szent István and Szent László Hospital; Budapest Hungary
| | - Lilla Éva Babay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Uzsoki Hospital; Budapest Hungary
| | - János Rigó
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Semmelweis University; Budapest Hungary
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group; Budapest Hungary
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics; Semmelweis University; Budapest Hungary
| | - Gyula R. Nagy
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Semmelweis University; Budapest Hungary
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